Effect of Water Exchange Method on Single-balloon Enteroscopy

Effect of Water Exchange Method on Intubation Depth and Diagnostic Yield in Patients Undergoing Single-balloon Enteroscopy: a Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Patient-blind Trial.

Enteroscopy, including double balloon enteroscopy (DBE), single balloon enteroscopy (SBE) and spiral enteroscopy (SE) currently, have shown good performances in small bowel diagnostics and seem to be useful in the clinical routine. However, enteroscopy is a time-consuming procedure. During common practice, large volumes of air need to be insufflated for good visualization. It leads to significant distention of the small bowel during the examination, which makes further intubation more technically challenging because of the formation of distended bowel loops and acute angulations and limits the maximal intubation length. According to the published data, the oral insertion depth of different kinds of enteroscopy is limited to approximately 240 cm. The total examination rate range form 18% to 86% for DBE and 0% to 11% for SBE.

It is thought that the intubation depth in small bowel determines the diagnostic yield and the following treatment. The deeper the enteroscopy is advanced into the small bowel, the more lesions may be found and treated. In order to improve the intubation depth of balloon enteroscopy, several methods, such as carbon dioxide insufflation and decompression side tube-equipped device, have been tried and showed positive effects. CO2 insufflation could also reduce severe pain during DBE and residual gas retention after the procedure because of rapid absorption. However, it is not known how much CO2 insufflation can decrease the distention of small bowel and the formation of bowel loops.

Recently, the use of water infusion in lieu of air insufflation has been shown to facilitate completion of colonoscopy, even in potentially difficult patients with prior abdominal or pelvic surgery. Water exchange method obviates excessive lengthening of the colon and the formation of acute angulation, which may cause less pain and easier intubation during scope insertion. Recently, water exchange method was also tried in two patients undergoing SBE via antegrade route in our center. Distal ileum 8cm near to ICV and the cecum was reached respectively (unpublished data), indicating water exchange be a useful method for deep intubation of SBE.

Here a prospective, randomized, controlled trial was designed to investigate whether, compared with CO2 insufflation method, water exchange method could increase the intubation depth and diagnostic yield in patients undergoing SBE.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Single Balloon Enteroscopy
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: water exchange single balloon enteroscopy; Other: Procedural Requirements; Procedure: CO2 insufflation single balloon enteroscopy

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 110
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• China
  • Shaanxi
    • Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710032
      • Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases
    • Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710032
      • Endoscopy Center of Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 80 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Suspected small-bowel disease

Exclusion Criteria:

• Prior small-bowel surgery
• Total examination of small bowel not planned when image modalities showed
• lesions obviously located on duodenum, proximal jejunum or distal ileum
• High-risk esophageal varices
• Pregnancy or lactation
• Inability to tolerate sedation or general anesthesia because of comorbidities
• Inability to provide informed consent

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: water exchange single balloon enteroscopy	Procedure: water exchange single balloon enteroscopy; Oral enteroscopy was performed first, followed by the anal route on the same day or later. For oral route, SBE was first advanced beyond Treitz ligation with CO2 insufflation. Then the water exchange method was used for further insertion. Briefly, residual air in the lumen was suctioned, and 37°C water was infused with a peristaltic pump through the biopsy channel to obtain lumen visualization. Turbid luminal water due to residual feces was suctioned and replaced by clean water until the small bowel lumen was clearly visualized again. Thus, infused water was removed predominantly during the insertion phase. The total volume of water was not restricted. For anal route, water exchange or CO2 insufflation method was used from the beginning of insertion respectively.; Other: Procedural Requirements; SBE was advanced as deeply as possible and complete small bowel visualization was attempted. When the following conditions were met, tattooing at the deepest position with India ink was performed and the endoscope was withdrawn: no further endoscopic advancement could be achieved, detection of a significant lesion and no other lesions suspected, severe stricture, obvious sedation and SBE-related adverse events happened which required termination of further intubation.
Active Comparator: CO2 insufflation single balloon enteroscopy	Other: Procedural Requirements; SBE was advanced as deeply as possible and complete small bowel visualization was attempted. When the following conditions were met, tattooing at the deepest position with India ink was performed and the endoscope was withdrawn: no further endoscopic advancement could be achieved, detection of a significant lesion and no other lesions suspected, severe stricture, obvious sedation and SBE-related adverse events happened which required termination of further intubation.; Procedure: CO2 insufflation single balloon enteroscopy; Conventional enteroscopy was performed as CO2 insufflated during insertion. Oral enteroscopy was performed first, followed by the anal route on the same day or later.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Complete enteroscopy rates	Definition of total visualization of small bowel: cecum was reached via antegrade route or antrum was reached via retrograde route; submucosal india ink was observed form 2rd SBE.	up to one year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Oral insertion depth	Depth of maximal insertion is measured as follow: Counting folds on withdrawal---fold-counting method;; shorten scope on Treitz ligation and deepest site.	up to one year
Diagnostic yield	Inflammatory changes Ulcer Angiodysplasia Tumor Diverticulum Others	up to one year
Procedural time	Antegrade insertion time:From mouth to Treitz ligation From Treitz ligation to deepest point; Retrograde insertion time: From anus to cecum From cecum to marked or deepest site	up to one year
Adverse events	Pancreatitis Perforation Bleeding Aspiration pneumonia Post-procedural pain score accessed by 100-mm VAS (1h, 3h, 6h, 24h) Others	up to one year

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Air Force Military Medical University, China
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Shuhui Liang, M.D., Associated Professor

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: December 1, 2013
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 1, 2015
• Study Completion (Actual): August 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 2, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 11, 2013
• First Posted (Estimate): September 16, 2013

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): March 25, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 24, 2016
• Last Verified: March 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: 20131106-6