- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT01955252
Effect of WHO-yaws Elimination Strategy in Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea (YESA-13)
Study Overview
Detailed Description
Yaws is a re-emerging endemic treponemal infection caused by Treponema pallidum subp pertenue. This bacterium causes a chronic relapsing disease, characterized by highly contagious primary and secondary cutaneous lesions and non-contagious tertiary late destructive lesions. The Pacific Islands are believed to be a major focus of yaws worldwide, though population-based data on prevalence are lacking for many countries.
Azithromycin (30mg/kg) has recently been shown to be effective in the treatment of yaws and is now central to WHO's yaws eradication strategy. Substituting a single dose of an oral antibiotic for a painful penicillin injection is a significant advantage because infection control measures required for injection of penicillin will no longer be required and treatment will be more acceptable to communities who need it.
Previous attempts to eradicate yaws by mass treatment of active cases with injectable drugs yielded unsuccessful results. A major campaign to eradicate yaws in the 1950s and 1960s with longacting, injectable penicillin greatly reduced the number of cases of the disease worldwide but incubating and latent cases that were not treated developed relapses with infectious yaws lesions, thereby becoming a source of reinfection.
While the earlier strategy in the 1950s, targeted just those people who were visibly infected, the new WHO-plan calls for blanket coverage of at least 90% of the population. The ratio of clinically apparent to latent cases with no symptoms is estimated as high as 1:6 and mass drug administration (MDA) of the entire population is the best approach to ensure that incubating and latent infections are adequately dealt with.
The currently recommended treatment for eradication is one dose of oral azithromycin (30 mg/Kg; maximum 2g) to be given to entire populations in areas known to harbor yaws. For the MDA to be effective, it is required to have substantial coverage in the first round. The initial mass treatment should be followed by resurveys every 6 months to detect and treat remaining cases.
Because of the potential bacterial resistance appearance treatment failure needs to be monitored. Macrolide resistance is associated with point mutations at positions A2058 and A2059 of the 23S ribosomal RNA gene and molecular analysis need to be done in clinical specimens from patients who do not respond to treatment.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Phase 3
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
-
-
New ireland province
-
Londolovit, New ireland province, Papua New Guinea, 034
- Lihir Medical Centre
-
-
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Whole resident population for MDA and clinical surveys, and children 5-15 years in sentinel sites for cross-sectional serological surveys.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Children younger than 2 months and pregnant women;
- Known allergy to macrolide antibiotics;
- Refusal of individual or guardian (for individual inclusion).
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: N/A
- Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Azithromycin
All participants older than 2 months (population 18,000) will be offered a single oral dose of oral azithromycin (tablets) 30 mg per Kg up to a maximum dose of 2g. Women who tell the investigators they are pregnant and people with known allergy to macrolides will be offered benzathine benzylpenicillin. This will be a single arm study. Study participants who met the inclusion criteria and agree to sign the consent form will be managed with proposed drug and systematically observed to measure outcomes of interest. |
Investigators will do a baseline survey of every children from 5 to 15 years in the village. To detect yaws infection, investigators will collect a blood specimen for serology (qualitative and quantitative RPR testing and TPHA assay). Investigators will identify yaws-like ulcers by means of dermatological examination. Investigators will swab papilloma and ulcers and specimens will be flown to University of Washington (Seattle). PCR methods will consist of primary screening for the presence or absence of T. p. pertenue DNA, Haemophilus ducreyi DNA and detection of the A2058G and A2059G mutations associated with azithromycin resistance. Investigators will begin treatment with antibiotics immediately after completion of the baseline survey. Everyone in the villages will be offered azithromycin, subsequently a field team will treat all active clinical cases and their contacts 6 monthly. For all subjects, follow-up examination will be performed at 6,12,18,24,30,36,40,and 42 months
Other Names:
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Prevalence of yaws latent infection
Time Frame: 42 months
|
Prevalence of yaws infection is determined by the combination of a positive TPHA and RPR titer of 1:4 or above (which can be considered as the marker for true disease) in 1200 children 5-15 years in 6 randomly selected villages.
|
42 months
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Prevalence of active yaws disease
Time Frame: 42 months
|
Determined by means of dermatological examination (WHO definitions) with laboratory confirmation using serology and PCR methods.
|
42 months
|
Macrolide resistance
Time Frame: 42 months
|
Estimate the prevalence of molecular markers of macrolide resistance in T. pallidum subsp.
pertenue in patients with active yaws both before and after the mass drug administration.
|
42 months
|
Ulcer aetiology surveys
Time Frame: 42 months
|
PCR-surveillance of yaws-like ulcers in randomly selected villages every survey.
This will allow to compare the relative proportion of T. pallidum pertenue ulcers vs other aetiological agents
|
42 months
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Collaborators
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Oriol Mitja, MD, PhD, Barcelona Institute for Global Health
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Mitja O, Godornes C, Houinei W, Kapa A, Paru R, Abel H, Gonzalez-Beiras C, Bieb SV, Wangi J, Barry AE, Sanz S, Bassat Q, Lukehart SA. Re-emergence of yaws after single mass azithromycin treatment followed by targeted treatment: a longitudinal study. Lancet. 2018 Apr 21;391(10130):1599-1607. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30204-6. Epub 2018 Feb 7.
- Mitja O, Gonzalez-Beiras C, Godornes C, Kolmau R, Houinei W, Abel H, Kapa A, Paru R, Bieb SV, Wangi J, Sanz S, Asiedu K, Lukehart SA, Bassat Q. Effectiveness of single-dose azithromycin to treat latent yaws: a longitudinal comparative cohort study. Lancet Glob Health. 2017 Dec;5(12):e1268-e1274. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30388-1. Epub 2017 Oct 26.
- Mitja O, Houinei W, Moses P, Kapa A, Paru R, Hays R, Lukehart S, Godornes C, Bieb SV, Grice T, Siba P, Mabey D, Sanz S, Alonso PL, Asiedu K, Bassat Q. Mass treatment with single-dose azithromycin for yaws. N Engl J Med. 2015 Feb 19;372(8):703-10. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1408586.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Estimate)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- YESA-13
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
Clinical Trials on Yaws
-
Oriol MitjaThe University of Papua New Guinea; The Royal Botanic Gardens, KewCompletedYaws | Yaws; Cutaneous | Cutaneous UlcerPapua New Guinea
-
London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineFundación FLS de Lucha Contra el Sida, las Enfermedades Infecciosas y la... and other collaboratorsActive, not recruitingYawsCôte D'Ivoire, Cameroon, Ghana
-
Fundación FLS de Lucha Contra el Sida, las Enfermedades...National Department of Health, Papua New Guinea; School of Medicine and Health...RecruitingYaws | Cutaneous UlcerPapua New Guinea
-
Lihir Medical CentreCentre For International HealthCompletedYaws | Treponema Infection | Neglected Tropical DiseasePapua New Guinea
-
London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineCenters for Disease Control and Prevention; World Health Organization; Barcelona... and other collaboratorsCompletedYawsUnited Kingdom, Ghana, Papua New Guinea
-
Oriol MitjaPapua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research; Barcelona Centre for International... and other collaboratorsCompleted
-
Lihir Medical CentreWorld Health Organization; Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH); Barcelona... and other collaboratorsCompleted
-
Lihir Medical CentreCompletedTrauma | Lymphatic Filariasis | YawsPapua New Guinea
-
London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineMurdoch Childrens Research Institute; Kirby Institute; Atoifi Adventist Hospital...CompletedYaws | Scabies | ImpetigoSolomon Islands
-
London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineAIM Initiative; Ministry of Health, LiberiaUnknownYaws | Leprosy | Lymphatic Filariases | Buruli UlcerLiberia
Clinical Trials on Azithromycin
-
PfizerCompletedTonsillitis | PharyngitisBelgium, India, Germany, United States, France, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Finland, Italy, Norway
-
Washington University School of MedicineCompletedRespiratory Syncytial Virus, BronchiolitisUnited States
-
PfizerCompletedBacterial Infections
-
Sheba Medical CenterUnknown
-
Thomas Jefferson UniversityChristiana Care Health ServicesCompletedPreterm Premature Rupture of MembraneUnited States
-
GlaxoSmithKlineCompletedAutoimmune DiseasesUnited Kingdom
-
University of Alabama at BirminghamMerck Sharp & Dohme LLCCompletedPostpartum Sepsis | Postpartum Endometritis | Postpartum FeverCameroon
-
Emory UniversityThe Carter CenterSuspended
-
University of Alabama at BirminghamCompletedRespiratory Syncytial VirusUnited States