Pre-arrival Instructions Effect on Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).

March 18, 2026 updated by: Medical College of Wisconsin

The Effect of Pre-arrival Instructions on the Rate of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) for Patients in "Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA)".

The investigators hypothesized that pre-arrival instructions would increase the likelihood of bystanders performing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

The City of Milwaukee and surrounding communities combine to form Milwaukee County covering 241 square miles and serving approximately 959,521 people. Milwaukee County includes 19 separate municipalities. Community demographics and other characteristics have remained largely stable for the past decade.

The study will take place in Milwaukee County from 2009 - 2013 in the communities providing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) pre-arrival instructions: West Allis and Oak Creek.

In Milwaukee County Basic Live Support (BLS) shall be started on all patients in cardiac arrest with the exception of victims with: decapitation; rigor mortis; evidence of tissue decomposition; dependent lividity; presence of a valid Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) or Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST); fire victim with full thickness burns to 90% or greater body surface area; hypothermic patients with signs of frozen tissue, rigid airway, ice formation in mouth, or chest noncompliant for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). The system standard is: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) will be provided whenever patient is pulseless; compressions at least 100/minute; hands on chest more than 75% of time; minimum compression depth of 2 inches in adults 75% of the time.

Therefore, the investigators will analyze data to assess how Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) pre-arrival instructions may have affected the probability of receiving bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

274

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Wisconsin
      • Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, 53226
        • Medical College of Wisconsin

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

21 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The population of this study will be all patients with OHCA (absence of a detectable pulse, unresponsiveness, and apnea) occurring in the select communities, from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2013 (five years).

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Patients 21 years old or older
  • Presumed cardiac origin as indicated on the Milwaukee County Emergency Medical Services (MCEMS) report
  • Non-Emergency Medical Services (EMS) witnessed arrest

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients younger than 21 years old
  • Patients who are "obviously dead" (decomposition, rigor mortis, decapitation, or other)
  • Trauma victims, including hanging and burns
  • Patients with cardiac arrests clearly of other non-cardiac origin including drug overdose, carbon monoxide poisoning, drowning, exsanguination, electrocution, asphyxia, hypoxia related to respiratory disease, cerebrovascular accident and documented terminal illness
  • Patients determined to be a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) upon arrival of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers
  • Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) by someone other than Emergency Medical Services (EMS) who is a trained first responder or health care provider with a predetermined duty to provide care.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
Community 1 Before
Pre-arrival Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) instruction for bystander Before Intervention Group in Community 1
Community 1 After
Pre-arrival Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) instruction for bystander After Intervention Group in Community 1
Other: Pre-Arrival Instructions
Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) Pre-Arrival Instructions (PAI)
Community 2 Before
Pre-arrival Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) instruction for bystander Before Intervention Group in Community 2
Community 2 After
Pre-arrival Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) instruction for bystander After Intervention Group in Community 2
Other: Pre-Arrival Instructions
Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) Pre-Arrival Instructions (PAI)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Incidence of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) in Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA)
Time Frame: Up to 2 years prior to intervention and up to 2 years post intervention
The overall goal of this study is to determine the rate of bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) before and after implementation of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) pre-arrival instructions program in Milwaukee County
Up to 2 years prior to intervention and up to 2 years post intervention

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Survival to Hospital Discharge or to December, 31 2013 Whichever Comes First
Time Frame: Up to 2 years prior to intervention and up to 2 years post intervention
Explore any relationship to age and gender of the patient, location of arrest, time of year, and other indicators known to affect survival on the overall difference in patient discharge.
Up to 2 years prior to intervention and up to 2 years post intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Medical College of Wisconsin

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Khalid A. Ateyyah, MD, SBEM, Medical College of Wisconsin

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 1, 2009

Primary Completion (Actual)

December 31, 2013

Study Completion (Actual)

December 31, 2013

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

November 25, 2013

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

December 5, 2013

First Posted (Estimated)

December 10, 2013

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

April 7, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 18, 2026

Last Verified

March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • PRO00021202

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

The study is looking for the incident of pre-instruction only there is no participant involved directly

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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