Efficacy and Safety Study of WTX101 (ALXN1840) in Adult Wilson Disease Patients

A Phase 2, Multi-centre, Open-label, Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of WTX101 Administered for 24 Weeks in Newly Diagnosed Wilson Disease Patients Aged 18 and Older With an Extension Phase of 36 Months

The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of ALXN1840 (formerly WTX101) for 24 weeks on non-ceruloplasmin-bound copper (NCC) concentrations adjusted for molybdenum plasma concentration in participants newly diagnosed with Wilson Disease (WD) who were aged 18 and older and who had NCC concentrations within or above the reference range at the time of enrollment in the study. The study consisted of a 24-week Treatment Period, followed by a planned 36-month Extension Period.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Wilson Disease
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: ALXN1840

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 29
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Austria
  • Vienna, Austria, 1090
    • Clinical Trial Site
• Germany
  • Heidelberg, Germany, 69120
    • Clinical Trial Site
• Poland
  • Warsaw, Poland, 02-957
    • Clinical Trial Site
• United Kingdom
  • Birmingham, United Kingdom, B15 2TH
    • Clinical Trial Site
  • Surrey
    • Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom, GU27XX
      • Clinical Trial Site
• United States
  • California
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095
      • Clinical Trial Site
  • Connecticut
    • New Haven, Connecticut, United States, 06519
      • Clinical Trial Site
  • Illinois
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60611
      • Clinical Trial Site
  • Michigan
    • Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109
      • Clinical Trial Site

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Able to understand and willing to comply with study procedures, restrictions, and requirements, as judged by the Investigator.
• Newly established diagnosis of WD by Leipzig-Score ≥ 4 documented by testing as outlined in 2012 European Association for the Study of the Liver Wilson Disease Clinical Practice Guidelines.
• NCC levels within or above the normal reference range (0.8 to 2.3 micromole).
• Willing to undergo 48 hour washout from current WD treatment

Exclusion Criteria:

• Treatment for greater than 24 months for WD with chelation therapy (for example, penicillamine, trientine hydrochloride) or zinc therapy.
• Decompensated hepatic cirrhosis.
• Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score > 11.
• Modified Nazer score > 6.
• Gastrointestinal bleed within past 6 months.
• Alanine aminotransferase > 5 x upper limit of normal.
• Marked neurological disease requiring either nasogastric feeding or intensive in-patient medical care.
• Severe anemia with a hemoglobin < 9 grams/deciliter.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: ALXN1840; Treatment Period: ALXN1840 at individualized doses ranging from 15 to 60 milligram (mg) per day. Dose increases or dose reductions were dependent on the individual NCC concentrations adjusted for Mo plasma concentration. ALXN1840 may have been administered every other day, once daily, or twice daily, depending on individualized dosing regimen, for 24 weeks. Extension Period: Participants continued the same ALXN1840 daily dose maintained at Week 24 of the Treatment Period and the same dosing regimen. During the Extension Period, no up-titration was made unless NCC concentrations adjusted for Mo plasma concentration did not remain stable within (or below) the reference range. ALXN1840 could have been received for up to 36 months in the Extension Period.

Drug: ALXN1840; Individualized oral doses of ALXN1840.; Other Names: WTX101

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Percentage Of Participants With Normalized Concentrations Of NCC	Normalized concentrations of NCC was defined as who achieving or maintaining normalized levels of NCC (0.8 to 2.3 micromole [μmol]l/liter [L]]) adjusted for Mo plasma concentration or reaching a reduction of at least 25% in NCC corrected for Mo if above the normal reference range at the time of enrollment. NCC was calculated by subtracting the amount of copper (Cu) bound to ceruloplasmin (CP) from the total plasma Cu concentration. Post-baseline NCC values were adjusted (corrected) to account for Cu bound in tripartite complexes with ALXN1840 and albumin. Descriptive statistics are reported.	Week 24

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change From Baseline In NCC Concentrations Adjusted For Mo Plasma Concentration At Week 24	The change from Baseline in NCC adjusted for Mo plasma concentration over 24 weeks were analyzed and descriptive statistics are reported. Change from Baseline = (Week 24 NCC concentrations adjusted for Mo plasma concentration) - (Baseline NCC concentrations). Least square means and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a restricted maximum likelihood (REML)-based mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) with fixed effects for Baseline, cohort, visit, Baseline-by-visit, and cohort-by-visit interaction.	Baseline, Week 24
Time To Normalization Of NCC Adjusted For Mo Plasma Concentration In Participants With Elevated Baseline NCC	For time to normalization of NCC adjusted for Mo plasma concentration, a Kaplan-Meier approach was used where participants not normalized were censored at the latest observed time point. To achieve a normalized NCC concentration, participants must have demonstrated 2 consecutive measures within the normal range (0.8 to 2.3 μmol/L). Analyses includes all data up to the last assessment in the extension period for participants who reached the event of normalization of NCC corrected concentrations. Last Assessment is a summary of the last available post-baseline result for each participant. Analyses includes all data up to the last assessment in the extension period; up to Week 176.	Up to last assessment (up to Week 176)
Change From Baseline In Neurological Status Using The Unified Wilson's Disease Rating Scale (UWDRS) (Neurological Subscore; Part I) At Week 24	The UWDRS is a clinical rating scale designed to evaluate the neurological manifestations of WD. Change from Baseline in the UWDRS I for consciousness is presented.; UWDRS I: range 0 to 3, maximum score of 3; UWDRS I was assessed by a Neurologist; Change from Baseline was calculated as: Week 24 score - Baseline score. A decrease in score from Baseline is indicative of both an improvement in condition and a better outcome.	Baseline, Week 24
Change From Baseline In Neurological Status Using The UWDRS (Neurological Subscore; Parts II, III, And Total Score) At Week 24	The UWDRS is a clinical rating scale designed to evaluate the neurological manifestations of WD. UWDRS comprises 3 parts: UWDRS I (consciousness), UWDRS II (disability), and UWDRS III (neurological status). Change from Baseline in the UWDRS II, III, and total score are presented.; UWDRS I: range 0 to 3, maximum score of 3; UWDRS II: range 0 to 40, maximum score of 40; UWDRS III: range 0 to 175, maximum score of 175; UWDRS total score: sum of the UWDRS I, II, and III: range 0 to 218, maximum score of 218; UWDRS I and III were assessed by a neurologist, while UWDRS II was reported by the participant or caregiver.; Change from Baseline was calculated as: Week 24 score - Baseline score. Least square means and their 95% CIs were calculated using a REML-based MMRM with fixed effects for Baseline, cohort, visit, Baseline-by-visit, and cohort-by-visit interaction. A decrease in score from Baseline is indicative of an improvement in condition and a better outcome.	Baseline, Week 24
Change From Baseline In Psychiatric Status Dimension Using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) Tracking Standardized Scores At Week 24	The M.I.N.I. is a short structured diagnostic interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV and the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. It was used to "track" the severity of symptoms by using a combination of questions in 16 Psychiatric Status dimensions that are summarized using a single standardized score for each dimension, ranging from 0 (interpreted as "did not occur at all") to 4 (interpreted as "occurred extremely often"). The standardized score is an average of these responses. Change from Baseline = Week 24 standardized score - Baseline standardized score. Least square means and 95% CIs were calculated using an REML-based MMRM with fixed effects for Baseline, cohort, visit, Baseline-by-visit, and cohort-by-visit interaction. Decrease from Baseline (a lower score) is indicative of a decrease in symptoms and a better outcome.	Baseline, Week 24
Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale (CGI-I) At Week 24	The CGI-I is a 7-point scale where the clinician assessed how much participant's illness improved or worsened relative to a Baseline state at the beginning of the intervention and rated as: 1, very much improved; 2, much improved; 3, minimally improved; 4, no change; 5, minimally worse; 6, much worse; or 7, very much worse. Change from Baseline = Week 24 score - Baseline score. An increase in CGI-I score indicates improvement.	Week 24
Change From Baseline In Clinical Global Impression Severity Scale (CGI-S) At Week 24	The CGI-S is a 7-point scale where the investigator rated severity of participant's illness at the time of assessment, relative to the investigator's past experience with participants who have the same diagnosis. Considering total clinical experience, a participant was assessed on severity of illness at time of rating as: 1, normal, not at all ill; 2, borderline ill; 3, mildly ill; 4, moderately ill; 5, markedly ill; 6, severely ill; or 7, extremely ill. Change from Baseline = Week 24 score - Baseline score. Decrease in CGI-S score and increase indicates improvement.	Baseline, Week 24
Change From Baseline In Quality Of Life (QoL)/Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) Assessed By The European Quality Of Life 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) At Week 24	The EQ-5D VAS records the participant's self-rated health as indicated on a scale from 0 to 100 with 0 being "the worst health you can imagine" and 100 being "the best health you can imagine, with higher scores for a higher quality of life. Change from Baseline = Week 24 score - Baseline score. An increase in score indicates improvement. The least-square means and their 95% CIs were calculated using a REML-based MMRM with fixed effects for Baseline, cohort, visit, Baseline-by-visit, and cohort-by-visit interaction.	Baseline, Week 24
Change From Baseline In Quality Of Life (QoL)/Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) Assessed By The EQ-5D Descriptive System UK Health Index Scores At Week 24	The EQ-5D-5L Descriptive System provides a simple descriptive profile and a single index value for health status (United Kingdom [UK] Health Index Score). The EQ-5D-5L consists of 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression), each of which can have 1 of 5 responses that represent 5 levels of severity (no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems, extreme problems). The participant was asked to indicate his/her health state for each of the 5 dimensions. The 5-item index score was transformed into a utility score between 0 (worst health state) and 1 (best health state). Change from Baseline = Week 24 index score - Baseline index score. An increase in score indicates improvement. The least square means and their 95% CIs were calculated using a REML-based MMRM with fixed effects for Baseline, cohort, visit, Baseline-by-visit, and cohort-by-visit interaction.	Baseline, Week 24
QoL/PRO Assessed By The 8-Item Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) At Week 24	The MMAS-8 is a scale used to evaluate adherence to medication. The MMAS-8 consists of 8 questions with a sum score ranging between 0 and 8 points, with 8 being the maximum adherence to medication. Mean adherence to medication is presented.	Week 24
QoL/PRO Assessed By The Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire For Medication (TSQM-9) At Week 24	The TSQM-9 was used to assess the overall level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with medication participants were taking. This composite scale is comprised of 2 items on the TSQM-9 survey: How satisfied are you that good things about this medication outweigh the bad things? Taking all things into account, how satisfied or dissatisfied are you with this medication? The TSQM-9 domain scores (effectiveness score, convenience score, global satisfaction score) range from 0 to 100 with higher scores representing greater satisfaction for the domain.	Week 24
Change From Baseline In Hepatic Laboratory Measure Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) At Week 24	Assessed by laboratory measurements. Change from Baseline = Week 24 ALT level - Baseline ALT level.	Baseline, Week 24
Change From Baseline In Hepatic Laboratory Measure Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) At Week 24	Assessed by laboratory measurements. Change from Baseline = Week 24 AST level - Baseline AST level.	Baseline, Week 24
Change From Baseline In Hepatic Laboratory Measure International Normalized Ratio (INR) At Week 24	Assessed by laboratory measurements. Change from Baseline = Week 24 INR - Baseline INR.	Baseline, Week 24
Change From Baseline In Hepatic Laboratory Measure Bilirubin At Week 24	Assessed by laboratory measurements. Change from Baseline = Week 24 bilirubin level - Baseline bilirubin level.	Baseline, Week 24
Change From Baseline In Exchangeable Cu At Week 24	Assessed by laboratory measurements. Change from Baseline = Week 24 Exchangeable Cu level - Baseline Exchangeable Cu level.	Baseline, Week 24
Change From Baseline In Speciation Profiling (Mo, Cu, And Protein Complex Profiling Using Size Exclusion Chromatography) At Week 24	Due to low chromatographic resolution of data, quantitative analysis for speciation profiling, as had been planned in the protocol, was not feasible.	Baseline, Week 24
Change From Baseline In 24-Hour Urinary Mo And Cu At Week 24	Assessed by laboratory measurements. Change from Baseline = Week 24 (24-hour) urinary Mo or Cu level - Baseline 24-hour urinary Mo or Cu level.	Baseline, Week 24
Pharmacokinetics (PK): Area Under The Curve From Time 0 to 24 (AUC0-24) Of Plasma Total Mo	PK blood sampling occurred on Day 1, Week 12, and Week 24 at the following serial PK sampling time-points: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12 (10 to 12) hours post-dose.	0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12 (10 to 12) hours post-dose on Day 1, Week 12, and Week 24
PK: Maximum Concentration (Cmax) Of Plasma Total Mo	PK blood sampling occurred on Day 1, Week 12, and Week 24 at the following serial PK sampling time-points: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12 (10 to 12) hours post-dose.	0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 12 (10 to 12) hours post-dose on Day 1, Week 12, and Week 24
Extension Period: Percentage Of Participants With Normalized Concentrations Of NCC	Normalized concentrations of NCC was defined as who achieving or maintaining normalized levels of NCC (0.8-2.3 μM) adjusted for Mo plasma concentration or reaching a reduction of at least 25% in NCC corrected for Mo if above the normal reference range at the time of enrollment. NCC was calculated by subtracting the amount of Cu bound to Cp from the total plasma Cu concentration. Post-baseline NCC values were adjusted (corrected) to account for Cu bound in tripartite complexes with ALXN1840 and albumin. Last Assessment is a summary of the last available post-baseline result for each participant. Analyses includes all data up to the last assessment in the extension period; up to Week 176.	Up to last assessment (up to Week 176)
Extension Period: Change From Baseline In NCC Levels Adjusted For Mo Plasma Concentration	The change from Baseline in NCC adjusted for Mo plasma concentration over 176 weeks were analyzed. Last Assessment is a summary of the last available post-baseline result for each participant. Analyses includes all data up to the last assessment in the extension period, up to Week 176. Change from Baseline = (Last assessment [up to Week 176] NCC concentrations adjusted for Mo plasma concentration) - (Baseline NCC concentrations). Least square means and their 95% CIs were calculated using an REML-based MMRM with fixed effects for Baseline, cohort, visit, Baseline-by-visit, and cohort-by-visit interaction.	Baseline, last assessment (up to Week 176)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Alexion Pharmaceuticals
• Investigators: Study Director: Eugene Swenson, MD, PhD, Alexion Pharmaceuticals

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Weiss KH, Askari FK, Czlonkowska A, Ferenci P, Bronstein JM, Bega D, Ala A, Nicholl D, Flint S, Olsson L, Plitz T, Bjartmar C, Schilsky ML. Bis-choline tetrathiomolybdate in patients with Wilson's disease: an open-label, multicentre, phase 2 study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 Dec;2(12):869-876. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(17)30293-5. Epub 2017 Oct 5.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 24, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 27, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): November 7, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 20, 2014
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 22, 2014
• First Posted (Estimate): October 24, 2014

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): September 29, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 28, 2021
• Last Verified: September 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Digestive System Diseases; Metabolic Diseases; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Liver Diseases; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Movement Disorders; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System; Brain Diseases, Metabolic; Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn; Metal Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Hepatolenticular Degeneration
• Other Study ID Numbers: WTX101-201

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No