Measurement by 2D Ultrasound of the Pennation Angle and Elasticity of Gastrocnemius Muscle

Evaluation of the Reproducibility of the Measurement by 2D Ultrasound and Sonoelastometry of the Pennation Angle and Elasticity of the Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle in Children/Adolescent/Adult Cerebral Hemiplegia After Stroke

Hemiplegic adults after stroke (stroke), children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) have both muscles spastic and paresis. These movement disorders are likely to cause muscle changes both structural and viscoelastic involved in the alteration of neuromotor functions such as walking. Therefore, it seems interesting to study the structure of these muscles with available imaging techniques. The medial gastrocnemius muscle presents architectural characteristics which allows easy evaluation 2D ultrasound. The literature lacks data on the reproducibility of the measurement, by 2D ultrasound, of the pennation angle and muscular thickness, particularly in children. In addition, the sonoelastometry by Supersonic ShearWave Imaging (SSI) is a new technique of ultrasound, non-invasive, dynamic, which allows the calculation of the modulus of elasticity within a muscle tissue. This allows to consider new perspectives evaluation of the viscoelastic properties of the muscle. No studies have evaluated the reproducibility of this method in adults/children/ adolescent after stroke and hemiplegia.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Hemiplegia
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: Muscle elasticity measure

Detailed Description

A 1 week apart, an ultrasound examination will be conducted on the hemiplegic leg side, while lying on his stomach and on the back. The thickness, elasticity and the pennation angle of the medial gastrocnemius muscle will be measured.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 30

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• France
  • Saint-etienne, France, 42000
    • CHU de Saint-Etienne

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 5 years to 75 years (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Hemiplegic adults/children/adolescent after stroke ,

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Children

• Cerebral Paralyzed, with an infantile cerebral hemiplegia, spastic type with a level of functional independence of walking I or II of the GMFCS level.
• Having a level of spasticity in gastrocnemius muscles of the lower member plegic higher or equal to X1, V 2, on the scale of Tardieu.
• Boys aged 5 to 12 years and girls aged 5 to 11 years.

Adolescent

• Cerebral Paralyzed, with an infantile cerebral hemiplegia, spastic type with a level of functional independence of walking I or II of the GMFCS level.
• Having a level of spasticity in gastrocnemius muscles of the lower member plegic higher or equal to X1, V 2, on the scale of Tardieu.
• Boys aged 11-18 years and girls aged 10-18 years.

Adult

• Aged 18 to 75, of both sexes. - Having suffered a stroke (stroke) regardless of the date of the stroke. - Presenting hemiplegia cerebral vascular following the stroke.
• walking, with or without technical assistance or device (splint, cane ...)
• Presenting a focused plegic spasticity in the lower limb, the plantar flexors, assessed by Tardieu scale and higher than or equal to X1, V2.

Exclusion Criteria:

Children and adolescent

• Having received botulinum toxin injections in the gastrocnemius muscle in the three months preceding the assessment.
• Having received lengthening plasters in the three months preceding the assessment.
• Having benefited from therapeutic to target muscle (baclofen, a muscle relaxant ...) the beginning of the treatment would have started in the months preceding the assessment.
• Having enjoyed orthopedic surgery at the muscular structures, tendons and bone of the leg plegic.

Adult

• Presenting a concomitant muscle disease (eg myopathy, myositis ...).
• Having received injections of botulinum toxin in the gastrocnemius muscle in the three months preceding the assessment.
• Having benefited from therapeutic to target muscle (baclofen, a muscle relaxant ...) the beginning of the treatment would have started in the months preceding the assessment.
• Having enjoyed orthopedic or neurological surgery at the plegic lower limb.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Cohort
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

Number of groups / cohorts

3

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Children muscle elasticity measure; an ultrasound examination will be conducted on the hemiplegic leg side, while lying on his stomach and on the back. The thickness, elasticity and the angle of the medial gastrocnemius muscle pennation will be measured (muscle elasticity measure)	Device: Muscle elasticity measure; an ultrasound examination will be conducted on the hemiplegic leg side, while lying on his stomach and on the back. The thickness, elasticity and the angle of the medial gastrocnemius muscle pennation will be measured.
Adolescent muscle elasticity measure; an ultrasound examination will be conducted on the hemiplegic leg side, while lying on his stomach and on the back. The thickness, elasticity and the angle of the medial gastrocnemius muscle pennation will be measured ((muscle elasticity measure)	Device: Muscle elasticity measure; an ultrasound examination will be conducted on the hemiplegic leg side, while lying on his stomach and on the back. The thickness, elasticity and the angle of the medial gastrocnemius muscle pennation will be measured.
Adult muscle elasticity measure; an ultrasound examination will be conducted on the hemiplegic leg side, while lying on his stomach and on the back. The thickness, elasticity and the angle of the medial gastrocnemius muscle pennation will be measured (muscle elasticity measure)	Device: Muscle elasticity measure; an ultrasound examination will be conducted on the hemiplegic leg side, while lying on his stomach and on the back. The thickness, elasticity and the angle of the medial gastrocnemius muscle pennation will be measured.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Pennation angle	Pennation angle of the medial gastrocnemius muscle measuring in degrees in a sagittal section by 2D ultrasound.	Day 1

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Muscle Elasticity	Measurement of elastic modulus (kPa) of anterior gastrocnemius muscles, on a sagittal section by sonoelastometry ShearWave ™.	Day 1

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint Etienne
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Vincent GAUTHERON, MD PhD, CHU de Saint-Etienne

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: July 1, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 1, 2014
• Study Completion (Actual): September 1, 2014

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 11, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 14, 2015
• First Posted (Estimate): September 15, 2015

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): September 15, 2015
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 14, 2015
• Last Verified: September 1, 2015

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Vascular hemiplegia; 2D ultrasound; Muscle elasticity; Pennation angle
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Nervous System Diseases; Neurologic Manifestations; Paralysis; Hemiplegia
• Other Study ID Numbers: 1408031; 2014-A00452-45 (Other Identifier: ANSM)