Adoptive Immunotherapy in Relapsed Hematological Malignancy: Early GVHD Prophylaxis

Adoptive Immunotherapy in Patients With Relapsed Hematological Malignancy: Effect of Duration and Intensity of Early GVHD Prophylaxis on Long-Term Clinical Outcomes

Determine the relapse-free, donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI)-free survival in patients receiving the investigational regimen.This is a randomized phase II clinical trial, comparing two different dosing schedules of mycophenolate mofetil for graft versus host disease (GVHD) prevention following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Risk for relapse, GVHD and non-relapse mortality will be assessed. Adaptive randomization between two study arms will be performed based on T cell counts at day 60.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Lymphoma; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Leukemia; Multiple Myeloma; Hodgkin's Lymphoma; Recurrent Hodgkin Lymphoma; Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia; Non Hodgkin Lymphoma; Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia; Acute Myelogenous Leukemia; Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia; Recurrent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma; Recurrent Plasma Cell Myeloma; Myeloma; Recurrent Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia; Lymphoid Leukemia; Recurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Adult; Recurrent Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: mycophenolate mofetil; Biological: Sargramostim; Biological: Filgrastim

Detailed Description

In this study, the investigators will utilize a regimen combining low dose total body irradiation and rabbit ATG to facilitate stem cell transplantation (SCT) with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched related and unrelated donors. Based on the hypothesis that early treatment interventions have significant late effects in allogeneic SCT, a simple intervention, varying the duration of intense immunosuppression following SCT, will be investigated in this study. This may allow more robust recovery of donor immune system cells in the first two months following transplantation and eventually result in lower risk of cancer relapse, while maintaining effective graft versus host disease (GVHD) control. Patients will be randomly assigned to receive GVHD prevention therapy using one of two different immunosuppressive regimens with tacrolimus & mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Patients assigned to the investigational group will receive MMF for 15 days following SCT with growth factor support using granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) beginning on post-transplant day 4. Patients randomized to the standard treatment group will receive MMF for 30 days following SCT with cytokine support using granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) beginning on post-transplant day 4. If one of these treatment groups demonstrates an improvement in donor immune cell recovery, there may be a slow increase in the likelihood of patients being assigned to that more successful treatment group. Eventually the two groups will be compared with respect to the likelihood of either relapse or GVHD developing.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 31
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Virginia
    • Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23298
      • Virginia Commonwealth University/Massey Cancer Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 74 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria

• Any of the following high risk or recurrent hematological malignancies:
• Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
• Multiple myeloma (MM)
• Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
• Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
• Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

• Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)

  *Note: Determination that the malignancy is high risk will be made by the investigator.

• Investigator determination that the patient is an appropriate candidate for reduced intensity allogeneic SCT with the standard Massey Cancer Center-Virginia Commonwealth Health System Bone Marrow Transplant Massey Cancer Center Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Bone Marrow Transplant (MCC-VCUHS BMT) Program regimen employed in this trial
• Patients with or without previous myeloablative autologous transplant

• HLA-matched stem cell donor, either related (6/6 or 5/6 loci matched) or unrelated (8/8 or 7/8 loci matched)

  *Note: Unrelated donors must be matched at HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1 loci. However, a single locus mismatch will be acceptable in the event a more closely matched donor is not available.

• Age ≥ 40 to < 75 years; patients 18 to 39 years of age will be eligible only if the investigator has determined that the patient has comorbidity(ies) precluding conventional allogeneic transplantation with full intensity myeloablative conditioning
• Karnofsky Performance Status of 70-100%
• Negative serology for HIV
• Women who are not postmenopausal or have not undergone hysterectomy must have a documented negative serum pregnancy test per standard MCC-VCUHS BMT Program guidelines
• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document *Note: The consent form must be signed and dated prior to initiation of SCT preparative treatments.

Exclusion Criteria

• Previous therapeutic radiation therapy (RT) that exceeds critical structure tolerance doses as determined by a radiation oncologist
• Uncontrolled viral, fungal, or bacterial infection
• Active meningeal or central nervous system disease

• Previous therapy with rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG); previous treatment with equine ATG is allowed if more than 3 months ago

  *Note: Previous myeloablative autologous transplant is permitted but not required.

• Pregnancy or breastfeeding
• Medical, psychological, or social condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, may increase the patient's risk or limit the patient's adherence with study requirements

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Arm I (MMF-15, sargramostim); Patients receive mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) PO or IV twice daily (BID) on days 0-15 and sargramostim SC from post-transplant day 4 until neutrophil engraftment.	Drug: mycophenolate mofetil; Given PO, by mouth, orally or IV, intravenous medication administration.; Other Names: CellCept; Biological: Sargramostim; GM-CSF beginning post-transplant day 4 and continuing until hematopoietic reconstitution. Patients in the MMF-15 cohort will receive sargramostim (GM-CSF) 250 mcg/m2/day beginning on post-transplant day 4 and continuing until neutrophil engraftment. Patients receiving GM-CSF will also receive inhaled corticosteroids, fluticasone (Flovent) 2 puffs twice daily, starting on post-transplant day 4 and stopping after cessation of GM-CSF, to diminish the risk of pneumonitis. Note: At investigator discretion, patients in the MMF-15 cohort who have preexisting pulmonary risk factors, will be permitted to receive G-CSF.; Other Names: GM-CSF; CSF2; colony stimulating factor 2; granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor
Active Comparator: Arm II (MMF-30, filgrastim); Patients receive mycophenolate mofetil PO or IV (twice daily) BID on days 0-30 and filgrastim G-CSF from post-transplant day 4 until neutrophil engraftment.	Drug: mycophenolate mofetil; Given PO, by mouth, orally or IV, intravenous medication administration.; Other Names: CellCept; Biological: Filgrastim; G-CSF beginning post-transplant day 4 and continuing until hematopoietic reconstitution. Patients in the MMF-30 cohort will receive filgrastim (G-CSF) 5 mcg/kg/day beginning on post-transplant day 4 and continuing until neutrophil engraftment.; Other Names: G-CSF; granulocyte colony stimulating factor; GCSF; colony-stimulating factor 3; CSF 3

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The Number of Patients With Relapse-free/Donor Lymphocyte Infusion(DLI)-Free Survival Rates Between Patients Randomized to MMF-30 (Control Cohort) and MMF-15 (Investigational Cohort).	The primary outcome in this study is event-free survival, where the conditional events are the occurrence of relapse DLI.	Up to 2 years following stem cell transplant

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The Difference Between Patients Randomized to MMF-30 (Control Cohort) and MMF-15 (Investigational Cohort) Day 60 Donor-derived (dd) Cluster of Differentiation (CD)3 10E3per microL Counts.	Day 60 donor-derived (dd) cluster of differentiation (CD)3 counts measured by 10E3per microL.	60 Days Following Stem Cell Transplant
The Probability of Overall Survival (OS) Between Patients Randomized to MMF-30 (Control Cohort) and MMF-15 (Investigational Cohort)	Overall survival (days to event or survival: time-to-event; survival: categorical)	Randomization up to 2 years
Differences Between Patients Randomized to MMF-30 (Control Cohort) and MMF-15 (Investigational Cohort) With Acute Graft Vs Host Disease (GVHD)	The number of patients diagnosed with acute acute GVHD between patients randomized to MMF-30 (control cohort) and MMF-15 (investigational cohort)	60 Days following stem cell transplant
Differences Between Patients Randomized to MMF-30 (Control Cohort) and MMF-15 (Investigational Cohort) Diagnosed With Chronic Graft vs Host Disease (GVHD)	The differences in the rates of chronic GVHD between patients randomized to MMF-30 (control cohort) and MMF-15 (investigational cohort)	60 Days following stem cell transplant
Differences Between Patients Randomized to MMF-30 (Control Cohort) and MMF-15 (Investigational Cohort) Diagnosed With Opportunistic Infections	The number of patients diagnosed with an opportunistic infections.	60 Days following stem cell transplant
Determine the Differences Between Patients Randomized to MMF-30 (Control Cohort) and MMF-15 (Investigational Cohort) With Diagnosis of Engraftment Loss.	Number of patients with engraftment loss.	60 Days Following Stem Cell Transplant
Differences Between Patients Randomized to MMF-30 (Control Cohort) and MMF-15 (Investigational Cohort)Diagnosed With Differences in the Rates of Engraftment Syndrome.	Number of patients diagnosed with engraftment syndrome.	60 Days Following Stem Cell Transplant
Differences in the Rates of Achieving Donor Chimerisms (the Percentage of DNA in the Sample Which Comes From the Donor) Between Patients Randomized to MMF-30 (Control Cohort) and MMF-15 (Investigational Cohort).	Number of patients that achieved donor chimerisms by day 100.	100 Days following Stem Cell Transplant
Differences in the Rates of T-cell Recovery Kinetics Following Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT) Between Patients Randomized to MMF-30 (Control Cohort) and MMF-15 (Investigational Cohort).	Number of T Cells 10E3 per microL per arm indicating rates of T-cell recovery by Day 100 following SCT.	100 Days Following Stem Cell Transplantation

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Virginia Commonwealth University
• Collaborators: Massey Cancer Center
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Amir A Toor, MD, Massey Cancer Center

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 4, 2015
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 18, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): March 18, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 29, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 29, 2015
• First Posted (Estimate): October 30, 2015

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 23, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 4, 2023
• Last Verified: January 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Donor Type (Matched Related Donor or Matched Unrelated Donor)
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Lymphatic Diseases; Immunoproliferative Disorders; Neoplasms by Site; Disease Attributes; Bone Marrow Diseases; Hematologic Diseases; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Hemostatic Disorders; Paraproteinemias; Blood Protein Disorders; Leukemia, B-Cell; Lymphoma; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Hematologic Neoplasms; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Hodgkin Disease; Recurrence; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Anti-Infective Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunologic Factors; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antitubercular Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Lenograstim; Mycophenolic Acid; Sargramostim; Molgramostim
• Other Study ID Numbers: MCC-14-10739; HM20005586 (Other Identifier: VCU Office of Research Subjects Protection)

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: Yes