AGEN1884, an Anti-CTLA-4 Human Monoclonal Antibody in Subjects With Advanced or Refractory Cancer and Who Have Progressed With PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor as Their Most Recent Therapy

Phase 1/2, Open-Label, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of an Anti-CTLA-4 Human Monoclonal Antibody (AGEN1884) in Subjects With Advanced or Refractory Cancer and in Subjects Who Have Progressed During Treatment With a PD 1/PD-L1 Inhibitor as Their Most Recent Therapy

This is an open-label, Phase 1/2, multicenter study to evaluate the safety, PK, and PD of an anti-CTLA-4 human monoclonal antibody (AGEN1884) in subjects with advanced or refractory cancer and in subjects who have progressed during treatment with a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor as their most recent therapy.

The phase 1 portion of the study has been completed; It enrolled adult subjects with refractory, advanced cancer in a 3+3 dose escalation cohort.

The phase 2 portion consists of up to 60 patients who have progressed during treatment with an approved or investigational PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor as their most recent therapy (2-6 weeks prior to first dose of study drug).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Advanced Solid Cancers; Advanced Solid Cancers Refractory to PD-1
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: AGEN1884

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 88
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • California
    • Duarte, California, United States, 91010
      • City of Hope National Medical Center
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033
      • USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center
  • Colorado
    • Denver, Colorado, United States, 80218
      • Rocky Mountain Cancer Center
  • Florida
    • Miami, Florida, United States, 33136
      • University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
  • Illinois
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60611
      • Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University
  • Louisiana
    • New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70121
      • Ochsner Cancer Institute
  • New Jersey
    • Morristown, New Jersey, United States, 07962
      • Atlantic Health System/Morristown Medical Center
  • North Carolina
    • Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, 28204
      • Levine Cancer Institute
  • Ohio
    • Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43210
      • The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center
  • Texas
    • Austin, Texas, United States, 78705
      • Texas Oncology - Austin Midtown
    • Tyler, Texas, United States, 75702
      • Texas Oncology, Tyler Texas

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Written informed consent.
2. ≥18 years of age.
3. Histological or cytological diagnosis of solid cancer or lymphoma that is considered incurable and without therapies with established benefit. Biopsy is not necessary for subjects with known prior diagnosis, and clinical or radiographic evidence of recurrence. For Phase 2 only: Subjects who experienced documented disease progression during treatment with an approved or investigational PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor as their most recent therapy (2-6 weeks prior to first dose of study drug). This cohort includes subjects with histological diagnoses of HCC (not including atypical histology such as cholangiocarcinoma mix or fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma) who experienced documented disease progression during treatment with an approved or investigational PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor as their most recent therapy (2-6 weeks prior to first dose of study drug).
4. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score of 0 or 1.
5. Subjects in Phase 2 with HCC should have a Child-Pugh score of A or B7 with no encephalopathy or ascites.
6. Life expectancy ≥12 weeks.
7. Adequate cardiac function (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class ≤II).

8. Adequate organ function, defined as absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1,500×106/L, absolute lymphocyte count ≥500/mm3, hemoglobin ≥8.0 g/dL, and platelet count ≥100,000×106/mm3 without blood growth factors or without transfusions within 1 week of first dose.

   For subjects in Phase 2 with HCC: Platelet count ≥60×106/mm3 and ANC ≥1,000×106/L are acceptable provided that the principal investigator assesses these abnormalities as due to liver disease.

9. Adequate liver function, defined as AST and ALT ≤2.5× institutional upper limit of normal (ULN), and bilirubin ≤1.5 mg/dL × ULN.

   For subjects in Phase 2 with HCC: AST and ALT ≤5 × ULN, bilirubin ≤2 mg/dL × ULN, and albumin ≥ 2.8 mg/dL.

10. Adequate renal function, defined as estimated creatinine clearance ≥50 mL/min according to Cockcroft-Gault formula, or measured 24-hour creatinine clearance (or local institutional standard method).

11. Adequate coagulation defined by international normalized ratio (INR) or prothrombin time (PT) ≤ 1.5 x ULN (unless the patient is receiving anticoagulant therapy); and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) ≤ 1.5 x ULN (unless the subject is receiving anticoagulant therapy). Subjects in Phase 2 with HCC can have an INR ≤2.3 x ULN.

    Note: Subjects in Phase 2 with HCC and on anticoagulant treatment would have an assigned value of 1 point when scoring PT/INR so the overall Child-Pugh score is not adversely affected.

12. Female subjects of childbearing potential and fertile male subjects must agree to use adequate contraception or abstain from sexual activity from the time of consent through 90 days after the end of study drug. Adequate contraception includes condoms with contraceptive foam; oral, implantable, or injectable contraceptives; contraceptive patch; intrauterine device; diaphragm with spermicidal gel; or a sexual partner who is surgically sterilized or postmenopausal. Note: Abstinence is acceptable if this is the established and preferred contraception for the subject.
13. In the expansion phase, all subjects must provide a sufficient and adequate formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue sample preferably collected after progression on the last therapy and/or collected at screening, if clinically feasible. If a recent biopsy is not available, an archival FFPE sample should be provided from a site not previously irradiated. If no tumor tissue is available, a fresh biopsy will be required if clinically feasible.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Other malignancies treated within the last 5 years, except in situ cervix carcinoma or non-melanoma skin cancer.
2. Other form(s) of antineoplastic therapy anticipated during the period of the study.
3. Previous severe hypersensitivity reaction to another fully human monoclonal antibody or severe reaction to immuno-oncology agents, such as colitis or pneumonitis requiring treatment with steroids.
4. History of interstitial lung disease.

5. Primary or secondary immunodeficiency, including immunosuppressive disease, autoimmune disease (including autoimmune endocrinopathies), or usage of immunosuppressive medications.

   Note: Subjects with diabetes type 1, vitiligo, psoriasis, hypo-, or hyperthyroid disease not requiring immunosuppressive treatment are eligible. Subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus are allowed.

6. Subjects with a known history of human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2, human T lymphotropic virus 1.

   Subjects in Phase 2 with HCC: Subjects with active hepatitis B infection who are receiving effective antiviral therapy are permitted. Subjects with active hepatitis C infection are allowed (antiviral therapy not required).

7. Administration of anticancer medications or investigational drugs within the following intervals before the first administration of study drug: a. ≤14 days for chemotherapy, targeted small molecule therapy, or radiation therapy. Subjects must also not have had radiation pneumonitis as a result of treatment and cannot participate in the study if they are on chronic corticosteroids for radiation pneumonitis. A 1-week washout is permitted for palliative radiation to non-central nervous system (CNS) disease, with medical monitor approval.

   Note: Bisphosphonates and denosumab are permitted medications. b. ≤14 days for prior immunotherapy. Subjects in the dose escalation cohorts are excluded if they have received prior checkpoint inhibitors, costimulatory agonists, or immune modulating therapy except as described below. Once a dose level is determined to be safe by the SRC, subjects will be allowed to enroll in dose-level expansion cohorts if they have received other non-CTLA-4 targeting immunotherapies.

   c. Subjects enrolling in Phase 2 must have cancer that has progressed after prior treatment with an approved or investigational PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor as their most recent therapy (2-6 weeks prior to first dose of study drug). The minimum requirement of 2 weeks (14 days) from prior anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy is to allow resolution of any lower-grade (≤2) adverse events observed with the therapy. If the investigator feels the subject has tolerated prior anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy well, then treatment with study agent may begin sooner.

   d. ≤7 days for prior corticosteroid treatment, with the following exceptions:

   • Use of an inhaled or topical corticosteroid is permitted.
   • Corticosteroid premedication for radiographic imaging for dye allergies is permitted.

   • Use of physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy may be approved after consultation with the medical monitor. e. ≤21 days for prior monoclonal antibody used for anticancer therapy, with the exception of denosumab. This does not apply to subjects being enrolled in Phase 2, who have received a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor as their most recent therapy (2-6 weeks prior to first dose of study drug; see above).

     f. ≤7 days for immunosuppressive-based treatment for any reason, with the exceptions noted above for prior corticosteroid treatment (exclusion criterion d).

     g. ≤21 days or 5 half-lives before first dose of study treatment for all other investigational study drugs or devices. For investigational agents with long half- lives (e.g., >5 days), enrollment before the fifth half-life requires medical monitor approval.

     h. For subjects in Phase 2 with HCC < 6 weeks for prior locoregional therapy to the liver e.g., transcatheter chemoembolization (TACE), radiation, surgery, or radioembolization.

8. Has not recovered to grade ≤1 from toxic effects of prior therapy and/or complications from prior surgical intervention before starting therapy.

   Note: Subjects with grade ≤2 neuropathy and alopecia are an exception and may enroll.

9. Uncontrolled infection or other serious medical illnesses.
10. History or presence of an abnormal ECG that, in the investigator's opinion, is clinically meaningful.
11. Any medical conditions that, in the opinion of the investigator, would preclude use of AGEN1884, including AGEN1884 hypersensitivity.
12. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
13. Concurrent participation in other investigational drug trials.

14. Has a CNS tumor, metastasis(es), and/or carcinomatous meningitis identified either on the baseline brain imaging obtained during the screening period or identified prior to consent.

    Note: Subjects with history of brain metastases that have been treated may participate provided they show evidence of stable supra-tentorial lesions are obtained after treatment to the brain metastases. These imaging scans should both be obtained ≥4 weeks apart). In addition, any neurologic symptoms that developed either as a result of the brain metastases or their treatment must have returned to baseline or resolved. For individuals who received steroids as part of brain metastases treatment, steroids must be discontinued ≥ 7 days prior to first dose of study drug.

15. For subjects in Phase 2 with HCC, the following exclusions also apply:

    1. Recent encephalopathy episodes in the last 6 months.
    2. Recent (within the last 6 months) gastro-esophageal varices bleeding.
    3. Subject whose tumors have cardiac involvement, as determined by imaging.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: AGEN1884; anti-CTLA-4 antibody	Drug: AGEN1884; anti-CTLA-4 antibody

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) of AGEN1884		throughout protocol, up to 3 years
Frequency, duration and severity of drug-related adverse events to assess safety and tolerability	Summary of changes from baseline in weight and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, frequency of abnormal and clinically significant findings in overall ECG interpretation and QT interval > 470 msec; frequency of occurrence of grade 3 findings by CTCAE version 5 any time during the study for anemia, decreased leucocyte, platelet counts, increased creatinine, ALT, AST, or bilirubin, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypernatremia, proteinuria	throughout protocol, up to 3 years
Maximum drug concentration at steady-state (Cmax-ss)		first dose through 3 months after last dose
Minimum drug concentration at steady state (Cmin-ss)		1 year
Area under the drug concentration-time curve within time span t1 to t2 at steady-state (AUC(t1-t2)-ss)		first dose through 3 months after last dose
Area under the drug concentration-time curve from time of dosing to time of last observation (AUC(0-t))		first dose through 3 months after last dose
Area under the drug concentration-time curve from time of dosing extrapolated to infinity (AUC(0-∞))		first dose through 3 months after last dose
Time to reach maximum drug concentration (tmax)		first dose through 3 months after last dose
Terminal elimination rate constant (λz)		first dose through 3 months after last dose
Terminal elimination half-life (t½)		first dose through 3 months after last dose
Systemic Clearance (CL)		first dose through 3 months after last dose
Volume of Distribution (Vd)		first dose through 3 months after last dose

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Objective response rate (ORR)	To evaluate the preliminary efficacy of AGEN1884	throughout protocol, up to 3 years
Disease Control Rate (DCR)		throughout protocol, up to 3 years
Duration of Response (DOR)		throughout protocol, up to 3 years
Progression-Free Survival (PFS)		throughout protocol, up to 3 years]
Overall Survival (OS)		throughout protocol, up to 3 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Agenus Inc.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 1, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 30, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): March 31, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 12, 2016
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 24, 2016
• First Posted (Estimate): March 1, 2016

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): February 27, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 21, 2023
• Last Verified: February 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: C-500-01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No