Relationship Between Gastric Emptying and Glycemic Variability in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

April 27, 2016 updated by: Adil Bharucha
With this study, the investigators hoped to learn if the rate at which food empties from the stomach affects blood sugar values. Using data from this study, we hope to improve our ability to control blood sugars in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

The study comprised 3 outpatient visits over a period of 11 days. Safety lab test were performed at the screening visit. At each visit, GE was evaluated by 13C-spirulina breath tests.

Phase 1:

After the baseline assessment (GE1), the second and third GE tests were performed during treatment with intravenous (GE2) and oral erythromycin (GE3) or placebo. Subject arrived fasting at each study visit. Prior to gastric emptying study, there was placement of an intravenous line. Subject continued to take insulin and other medications as usual. Subjects were required to do finger-stick glucose readings 4 times a day or as instructed by their physician. Subjects were provided with a log sheet to keep track of meal times, insulin dosing and times, glucose readings, and activities. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and gastric emptying were evaluated for the duration of the study (11 days) and thrice respectively. GE was evaluated at baseline (GE1) and after randomized to intravenous saline, erythromycin (2 mg/kg) or erythromycin (3 mg/kg).

Phase 2:

Thereafter, patients were randomized to erythromycin ethyl succinate suspension (250 mg tid) or placebo for a total period of 7 days. GE3 was preferably performed on day 7, after oral erythromycin or placebo was started.

An EKG was performed at baseline to identify (and exclude) patients who have contraindications to erythromycin. An EKG was also repeated at the end of the study, i.e., on GE3 for safety. No change to insulin (apart from those that patients do with their self management skills) or other medications was made during this research study.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

30

Phase

  • Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Minnesota
      • Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905
        • Mayo Clinic

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Healthy male or non-pregnant non-breastfeeding female volunteers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1 DM) undergoing a clinically-indicated continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) study (Women of childbearing potential may be enrolled if they use contraceptives throughout the length of the study).
  • Able to provide written informed consent before participating in the study
  • Able to communicate adequately with the investigator and to comply with the requirements for the entire study.
  • Glycated hemoglobin (A1c) < 8.5 %

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Severe nausea or vomiting precluding study assessments
  • Use of medications that alter GI motility e.g., narcotics, medications with significant anticholinergic effects, CYP-450 3A4 inhibitors, antibiotics (other than the experimental drug erythromycin), pramlintide or GLP-1 based therapy. Subjects using metoclopramide or erythromycin will be enrolled but these medications will be held for 7 days before CGM1 and GE1
  • Pancreas transplantation
  • Contraindications to erythromycin: i.e., 1) concomitant therapy with astemizole, cisapride, pimozide, or terfenadine; 2) hypersensitivity to erythromycin or any component of the product; Corrected QT interval on EKG >460 msec
  • Known family history of sudden death or congenital QT prolongation
  • Serum potassium and magnesium levels outside of normal range at screening or visit 1
  • Patients with moderate or severe renal insufficiency, i.e., subjects with an eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2)
  • Patients who are allergic to eggs, wheat or milk or unwilling to consume these products.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Erythromycin lactobionate IV 2 mg/kg
During the second visit, erythromycin was given as an initial bolus of 0.5 mg/kg over 10 min immediately before the meal. The subject consumed the test meal containing 13C-Spirulina in no more than 10 minutes. Breath samples were collected at baseline obtained upon completion of the meal and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 minute time points. Thereafter, an infusion of 1.5 mg/kg was given over the next 50 min with the same infusion pump.
Drug: Erythromycin lactobionate
In Phase 1 of the study, during the second visit, erythromycin was given as an initial bolus of 0.5 mg/kg over 10 min immediately before the meal. Thereafter, an infusion of 1.5 or 2.5 mg/kg was given over the next 50 min with the same infusion pump. The goal of testing 2 different doses was not to assess dose-related effects but to compare glycemic indices against a spectrum of gastric emptying rates.
Other Names:
  • Erythrocin™ Lactobionate-IV
Drug: [13C]-Spirulina
The subject consumed the test meal containing 13C-Spirulina in no more than 10 minutes. Breath samples were collected at baseline obtained upon completion of the meal and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 minute time points.
Other Names:
  • Carbon-13 Spirulina Breath Test
  • Gastric Emptying Breath Test (GEBT)
Active Comparator: Erythromycin lactobionate IV 3 mg/kg
During the second visit, erythromycin was given as an initial bolus of 0.5 mg/kg over 10 min immediately before the meal. The subject consumed the test meal containing 13C-Spirulina in no more than 10 minutes. Breath samples were collected at baseline obtained upon completion of the meal and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 minute time points.Thereafter, an infusion of 1.5 mg/kg was given over the next 50 min with the same infusion pump.
Drug: Erythromycin lactobionate
In Phase 1 of the study, during the second visit, erythromycin was given as an initial bolus of 0.5 mg/kg over 10 min immediately before the meal. Thereafter, an infusion of 1.5 or 2.5 mg/kg was given over the next 50 min with the same infusion pump. The goal of testing 2 different doses was not to assess dose-related effects but to compare glycemic indices against a spectrum of gastric emptying rates.
Other Names:
  • Erythrocin™ Lactobionate-IV
Drug: [13C]-Spirulina
The subject consumed the test meal containing 13C-Spirulina in no more than 10 minutes. Breath samples were collected at baseline obtained upon completion of the meal and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 minute time points.
Other Names:
  • Carbon-13 Spirulina Breath Test
  • Gastric Emptying Breath Test (GEBT)
Placebo Comparator: Placebo IV
Saline was given as an initial bolus over 10 min immediately before the meal. The subject consumed the test meal containing 13C-Spirulina in no more than 10 minutes. Breath samples were collected at baseline obtained upon completion of the meal and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 minute time points. Thereafter, an infusion of saline was given over the next 50 min with the same infusion pump.
Drug: [13C]-Spirulina
The subject consumed the test meal containing 13C-Spirulina in no more than 10 minutes. Breath samples were collected at baseline obtained upon completion of the meal and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 minute time points.
Other Names:
  • Carbon-13 Spirulina Breath Test
  • Gastric Emptying Breath Test (GEBT)
Drug: Placebo IV
In Phase 1 of the study, during the second visit, saline was given as an initial bolus over 10 min immediately before the meal. Thereafter, an infusion of saline was given over the next 50 min with the same infusion pump.
Other Names:
  • Saline
Experimental: Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate Suspension
In Phase 2 of the study, subjects randomized to this arm will receive Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate Suspension 250 mg tid orally for a total period of 7 days. The GEBT was performed approximately on day 7. The subject consumed the test meal containing 13C-Spirulina in no more than 10 minutes. Breath samples were collected at baseline obtained upon completion of the meal and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 minute time points.
Drug: [13C]-Spirulina
The subject consumed the test meal containing 13C-Spirulina in no more than 10 minutes. Breath samples were collected at baseline obtained upon completion of the meal and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 minute time points.
Other Names:
  • Carbon-13 Spirulina Breath Test
  • Gastric Emptying Breath Test (GEBT)
Drug: Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate Suspension
In Phase 2 of the study, subjects randomized to this arm will receive Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate Suspension 250 mg tid orally for a total period of 7 days.
Other Names:
  • E.E.S.
Placebo Comparator: Placebo Suspension
In Phase 2 of the study, subjects randomized to this arm will receive an oral placebo prepared to mimic the Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate Suspension for a total period of 7 days. The GEBT was performed approximately on day 7. The subject consumed the test meal containing 13C-Spirulina in no more than 10 minutes. Breath samples were collected at baseline obtained upon completion of the meal and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 minute time points.
Drug: [13C]-Spirulina
The subject consumed the test meal containing 13C-Spirulina in no more than 10 minutes. Breath samples were collected at baseline obtained upon completion of the meal and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 240 minute time points.
Other Names:
  • Carbon-13 Spirulina Breath Test
  • Gastric Emptying Breath Test (GEBT)
Drug: Placebo Suspension
In Phase 2 of the study, subjects randomized to this arm will receive an oral placebo prepared to mimic the Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate Suspension for a total period of 7 days.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Relationship between gastric emptying and glycemia
Time Frame: 11 days
GE was measured by 13C spirulina GEBT. Glycemia was measured with continuous glucose monitoring.
11 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Number of subjects with delayed gastric emptying
Time Frame: 11 days
11 days

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Adil Bharucha

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

June 1, 2010

Primary Completion (Actual)

November 1, 2013

Study Completion (Actual)

November 1, 2013

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

April 22, 2016

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 27, 2016

First Posted (Estimate)

April 28, 2016

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

April 28, 2016

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 27, 2016

Last Verified

April 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 08-008620
  • UL1TR000135 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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