Yerba Mate (Ilex Paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.): Assessment of Cardiovascular Health (YMCH-2015)

May 7, 2018 updated by: Karimi Sater Gebara

Application of Yerba Mate (Ilex Paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) Products on the Promotion of Health: Assessment of Cardiovascular Health

Mate or yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) is a native plant from South America highly consumed in this region. Different traditional products (mate, mate tea, chimarrao, tereré) are obtained from the yerba-mate leaves and consumed as herbal tea. Mate is a rich source of bioactive phenolic compounds, mainly caffeoylquinic acids. The richness of different mono- and dicaffeoylquinic acids is a peculiarity of mate derived products. However, in contrast to other plant-based beverages rich in polyphenols like tea or coffee, the research and the industry have yet little explored the potential interest of mate product to promote human health. There has been a growing interest to the development of healthier foods to face the burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), especially those naturally rich in bioactive phenolic compounds with protective effects against the development of chronic diseases. Different in vitro and animals studies associate the mate consumption with cardiovascular protection mechanisms. Consistent information about this activity and the long-term consumption effects in humans are scarce. The aim of this study is to assess through a randomized controlled trial the impact of chronic intake of mate on intermediate biomarkers of cardiovascular health in humans and to identify possible involved nutrigenomic mechanisms.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Mate is a traditional drink obtained from the leaves of yerba-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.), a native species of South America that has a great regional importance. Mate is highly consumed in South America countries because of the tradition acquired from the native populations. In these countries, mate is consumed as largely as tea (camellia sinensis) in Asia and Europe and coffee in Europe and North America. Mate constitutes a raw material little explored compared to other plant products like coffee or tea. However, mate product has recently raised interest due to both its high content of phytochemicals and the peculiarity of its phenolic profile, characterized by the wealth in mono and dicaffeoylquinic acids, known for their biological activities.

A large number of in vitro studies have evaluated the antioxidant capacity of mate products with different methodologies, and showed that the antioxidant effect was related to the presence of caffeoyl derivatives. Mate appears as a potent inhibitor of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) oxidation. The phenolic compounds of mate also exhibit free radical scavenging properties and inhibit a chemically induced oxidation of lipid in membranes. Different animal studies have reported a positive impact of mate consumption on some cardiovascular risk factors. These published data, obtained in different rodent models of diet induced dyslipidemia, obesity or atherosclerosis, suggest that the supplementation with mate products may improve plasma lipids profile, prevent hepatic fatty deposition, reduce insulin resistance, improve endothelial function and inhibit atherosclerosis progression. Few clinical studies reported positive effects of mate consumption on the blood lipid profile, glycemia and anthropometric parameters in healthy and unhealthy subjects.

The aim of this study is to assess through a randomized controlled trial the impact of chronic intake of mate on intermediate biomarkers of cardiovascular health in humans and to identify possible nutrigenomic mechanisms involved.

The study consists in a controlled, randomized, double blind, crossover clinical trial. This study will involve 36 healthy middle-age (45-65) male subjects selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria previously established. The study will have a maximum duration of 84 days including the wash-out period. The volunteers will have to consume daily for 4 weeks the mate extract (with a standardized content in phenolic compounds) or the placebo. At the beginning and/or at the end of each experimental period, blood will be sampled for measurement of glycemic and lipidic parameters, inflammatory markers and transcriptome analysis. Urine samples will also be collected for metabolomics analysis to characterize the exposure profile of volunteers in response to mate phenolic compounds consumption.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

34

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Brazil
    • Paraná
      • Toledo, Paraná, Brazil, 85.900-000
        • Euclides Lara Cardozo Júnior

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

45 years to 65 years (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • No smoking, or having stopped smoking for more than three years;
  • Having no more than one of the five criteria associated with metabolic syndrome proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) and approved by Brazilian scientific societies in the First Brazilian Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome (2005);
  • Not consuming multivitamin supplements, antioxidants or polyphenols rich products in the last 3 months before the study;
  • Accepting reduced consumption of natural polyphenols rich beverages (yerba mate, tea, coffee, wine, cocoa, soy milk, fruit juices) during the study;
  • Not using any antihypertensive or anticholesterolemic drugs;
  • Accepting to participate in the study after signing the Informed Consent and completing the information document.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Being diagnosed with diabetes, mental illness or other severe conditions that may influence the results of the study;
  • Chronic alcoholism;
  • Having severe hypertension with clinical complications such as acute myocardial infarction and other coronary artery diseases;
  • Having kidney or liver diseases;
  • Not accepting to participate in the study refusing to sign the Informed Consent, in accordance with the fundamental ethical and scientific requirements.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: PREVENTION
  • Allocation: RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: CROSSOVER
  • Masking: TRIPLE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Yerba Mate Extract 750 mg
Yerba Mate Extract - Capsules: daily dose of 2.250 g, distributed in 3 doses of 750 mg, for 28 days.
Other: Yerba Mate Extract
Yerba Mate extract capsules 750 mg
PLACEBO_COMPARATOR: Placebo
Starch - Capsules: 3 times daily for 28 days.
Other: Placebo
Take 3 capsules, 3 times daily for 28 days.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Quantification of biochemical parameters: total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides and fasting glucose.
Time Frame: 28 days

Cholesterol - Enzymatic colorimetric method; HDL cholesterol - lipoproteins VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) and LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) and chylomicrons are precipitated with a mixture of phosphotungstic acid and magnesium chloride. After centrifugation, the bound cholesterol to high density lipoproteins (HDL) in the supernatant determined by colorimetric enzymatic method; Triglycerides - Enzymatic colorimetric method; Fasting glucose - enzymatic colorimetric method.

All results are expressed in mg / dL.
28 days
Quantification of inflammatory markers: C-reactive protein.
Time Frame: after 28 days of treatment
C-reactive protein (CRP) - Kit using turbidimetric methods for the quantitative
after 28 days of treatment
Quantification of adhesion molecule:Endothelin, Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1).
Time Frame: 28 days
Endothelin (EDN-1) - using enzyme immunoassay kit (ELISA) for the quantification in vitro EDN-1 in human serum. Evaluation kit for using enzyme immunoassay technique (ELISA) for the quantitative in vitro determination of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in human serum. The results of analyzes are expressed in ng/ml.
28 days
Quantification of inflammatory markers: Interleukin-6.
Time Frame: after 28 days of treatment
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) - Evaluation kit for using enzyme immunoassay technique (ELISA) for the quantitative determination of IL-6 in vitro in human serum. The results of analyzes for IL-6 are expressed in ng/ml.
after 28 days of treatment
Evaluation of the tolerance glucose.
Time Frame: after 28 days of treatment
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT (in mg/dL). A standard anhydrous glucose load will be administered and evaluation of Oral Glucose Test Tolerance (OGTT) after consumption of a high sugar load.
after 28 days of treatment
Evaluation of transcriptome analysis.
Time Frame: after 28 days of treatment
Profile Evaluation of leukocyte gene expression through nutrigenomics study after consumption capsules containing standardized amount of yerba mate. The genes involved in lipid metabolism are isolated, identified and quantitated by real-time PCR technique. The results are expressed according to the identification and the number of genes.
after 28 days of treatment

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Clinical evaluation: arterial pressure (mean of three measurements for each 5 minutes).
Time Frame: 28 days
28 days
Clinical evaluation: waist circumference.
Time Frame: 28 days
28 days
Clinical evaluation: pulse.
Time Frame: 28 days
28 days
Clinical evaluation: weight.
Time Frame: 28 days
weight in kg
28 days

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Karimi Sater Gebara

Collaborators

Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement

Investigators

  • Study Chair: Karimi S Gebara, MSc, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados
  • Principal Investigator: Euclides L Cardozo Júnior, PhD, Universidade Paranaense

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

August 15, 2016

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

June 30, 2017

Study Completion (ACTUAL)

May 1, 2018

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

February 28, 2016

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 27, 2016

First Posted (ESTIMATE)

June 3, 2016

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

May 8, 2018

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 7, 2018

Last Verified

May 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • UNP-ILCV-1518

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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