- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT02806245
Biventricular Pacing in Children After Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
In adults with heart failure with intrinsic or iatrogenic left bundle branch block (eg, RV pacing), and more recently in those with narrow QRS complex, pacing the heart with advanced pacing techniques from both the left and right ventricle (LV, RV) termed cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves resting systolic heart function and mechanoenergetics.1 In these patients, CRT has been shown to increase LV stroke volume, ejection fraction, and stroke work, resulting in an enhancement of LV myocardial efficiency, without an increase in oxidative metabolism and even a decrease in energy utilization.2-4 Furthermore, oxygen consumption seems to be distributed more homogeneously during CRT.2 Beyond increasing resting myocardial efficiency, CRT may increase metabolic reserve as judged by the increase in cardiac work in response to dobutamine.5 CRT has also been shown to restore homogeneous myocardial glucose metabolism, without a decrease in myocardial perfusion.6 These findings were mirrored by similar findings regarding the effects of CRT on myocardial perfusion. Resting myocardial blood perfusion was unaltered by CRT despite an increase in left ventricular function. However, the distribution pattern of resting myocardial blood perfusion became more homogeneous, while hyperemic myocardial blood perfusion and myocardial blood perfusion reserve were enhanced by CRT.7 In the long-term, CRT improves morbidity and mortality in adults with heart failure.8, 9
Children have myocardial dysfunction and possibly mechanical dyssynchrony following cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac surgery. A significant number of children with congenital heart disease have either interventricular conduction delay or right bundle branch block (RBBB). For example, RBBB may occur in patients after ventricular septal defect repair. Others children may develop iatrogenic bundle branch block while requiring ventricular pacing for rate control, hemodynamic improvement or atrioventricular block. When postoperative pacing is indicated, the current method used is to sense or pace the right atrium, depending on the indication, and to pace the right ventricle (univentricular pacing). However, conventional RV univentricular pacing may increase myocardial stress and oxygen utilization through inhomogeneous contraction,10 while long-term right ventricular (univentricular) pacing has been shown in some patients to have detrimental effects on left ventricular remodeling, left ventricular function and clinical outcomes.11-13 Beyond the potential for pacing related myocardial stress and oxygen consumption, the post-operative care of children with congenital heart disease necessitates the use of potent inotropic agents at the expense of increased myocardial oxygen consumption, unwanted effects in the vulnerable post-bypass myocardium.14-16 Preliminary data in children with congenital heart disease undergoing surgical repair have shown acute benefits of CRT as manifested by increased systolic blood pressure and improved cardiac output associated with a reduced QRS duration. These beneficial effects were obtained in children with both single and dual ventricular physiology.17-20 Pham et al showed improvement in cardiac index with biventricular pacing in children after heart surgery, but not with conventional atrioventricular pacing, suggesting that in patients needing pacing in the postoperative period, biventricular pacing is better than conventional pacing, a conclusion previously reached in adults in the setting of cardiomyopathy.21-23 Despite these beneficial immediate hemodynamic effects, and despite preliminary data on the beneficial effects of CRT in children with congenital heart disease,24-26 it is not known whether a longer period of biventricular pacing in the post-operative period following surgery for congenital heart disease is beneficial and whether this intervention can lead to improved clinical outcomes such as reduction of the use of inotropes, time to extubation and length of admission to the critical care unit. To answer these questions, a prospective, randomized trial is needed. The current study would serve as a pilot study for a larger trial in the event of encouraging results.
Hypothesis
Biventricular pacing improves recovery after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in children with congenital heart disease.
Objectives
Study the effects of biventricular pacing on post-operative hemodynamics and clinical outcomes in children after surgery for congenital heart disease.
Design
Randomized, non-blinded, clinical intervention.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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Ontario
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Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G1X8
- Hospital for Sick Children
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- < 4 months of age at time of surgery
- Surgery for congenital heart disease requiring cardiopulmonary bypass
- Reparative surgery to achieve biventricular cardiac physiology.
- Sinus rhythm.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Isolated atrial septal defect repair.
- Surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass.
- Palliative surgery.
- Single ventricle physiology.
- Age > 4 months at time of surgery
- Clinical indication for pacing (e.g. iatrogenic heart block)
- Arrhythmia
- Second or third degree heart block.
- Patient with known bleeding disorder
- Patient requires ECMO in operating room (eg. unable to wean from cardio-pulmonary bypass or hemodynamic/ respiratory instability that requires ECMO in OR). These patients return from the OR to the ICU on ECMO.
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: Single
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Biventricular pacing
Patients will be randomized pre-operatively to either the pacing group or to the control group.
Patients randomized to receive pacing will 1st undergo an acute pacing phase where the order of the pacing mode will be randomized and then will continue to an extended pacing phase of biventricular pacing.
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Randomization into one of 3 study arms for acute phase and for extended phase. Measurement of baseline variables on arrival to CCU. Acute pacing protocol (order of pacing randomized):
Measure hemodynamic variables 30 min after start of pacing. Pacing hiatus for 60 minutes at 24 hours with measurement of hemodynamics without pacing and after reinitiating pacing. Stop pacing at 72 hours or after extubation, whichever comes first. For those patients who are extubated before 72 hours: measurements will be taken before extubation and one hour after extubation. Pacing will then be stopped. |
No Intervention: Control
Controls will receive standard of care treatment consisting of placement of 2 pacing leads (right atrial and right ventricular), monitoring of the study outcomes, monitoring of oxygen consumption and echocardiography, but no pacing.
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Change in mean cardiac index
Time Frame: Baseline to 72 hours
|
1. Change in mean cardiac index (as measured by the Fick method with respiratory mass spectroscopy for VO2) from baseline to 48 postoperative hours after arrival in the CCCU, recorded every 6 hours up to 72 hours and at each time blood gases sampled.
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Baseline to 72 hours
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Composite clinical score
Time Frame: Baseline to 72 hours
|
a.Time until first negative fluid balance b.Time until sternal closure c.Time until first planned extubation d.In-hospital death e.Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
|
Baseline to 72 hours
|
Oxygen consumption
Time Frame: Every hour for 1st 24 hrs and then every 6hours
|
2. Oxygen consumption (respiratory mass spectroscopy), measured continuously, recorded every hour for the 1st 24 hours, then every 6 hours and at each blood gas sampling.
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Every hour for 1st 24 hrs and then every 6hours
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Intracardiac pressures (RA, LA, CVP, PA)
Time Frame: Every hour for the 1st 24 hours, then every 6 hours until lines removed
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Intracardiac pressures (RA, LA, CVP, PA) measured continuously, recorded every hour for the 1st 24 hours, then every 6 hours until lines removed.
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Every hour for the 1st 24 hours, then every 6 hours until lines removed
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Mean inotrope score
Time Frame: every hour for the 1st 24 hours, then every 6 hours
|
Mean inotrope score recorded every hour for the 1st 24 hours, then every 6 hours.
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every hour for the 1st 24 hours, then every 6 hours
|
Mean airway pressure
Time Frame: every hour for the 1st 24 hours, then every 6 hours
|
Mean airway pressure recorded every hour for the 1st 24 hours, then every 6 hours (simultaneously with inotrope score)
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every hour for the 1st 24 hours, then every 6 hours
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Serum Lactate
Time Frame: Over 72 hours recorded every 6 hours
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Serum lactate over 72 hours, recorded every 6 hours.
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Over 72 hours recorded every 6 hours
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Blood pressure
Time Frame: over 72 hours, recorded every hour for the 1st 24 hours and then every 6hours
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Blood pressure over 72 hours, recorded every hour for the 1st 24 hours and then every 6 hours
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over 72 hours, recorded every hour for the 1st 24 hours and then every 6hours
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Length of stay in CCCU
Time Frame: Over 72 hours
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Length of stay in CCCU (recorded in hours).
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Over 72 hours
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Electrical dyssynchrony
Time Frame: Baseline and 48 hours
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Electrical dyssynchrony at 48 hours (QRS duration in msec from 6-lead limb ECG).
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Baseline and 48 hours
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Echocardiograms
Time Frame: Baseline and 48 hours
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Echocardiograms will be done at baseline (after arrival in CCCU, before pacing) and at 48 hours after arrival to the CCCU to assess mechanical dyssynchrony.
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Baseline and 48 hours
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Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Mark K Friedberg, MD, The Hospital for Sick Children
Publications and helpful links
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Estimate)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- 1000010911
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
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