Efficacy and Safety of the Cryopreserved Formulation of OTL-101 in Subjects With ADA-SCID

Efficacy and Safety of Cryopreserved Formulation of Autologous CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem Cells Transduced Ex Vivo With Elongation Factor 1 Alpha Shortened (EFS) Lentiviral Vector Encoding for Human ADA Gene in Subjects With Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Due to ADA Deficiency

This is a prospective, non-randomized, single-cohort, longitudinal, single-center, clinical study designed to assess the efficacy and safety of a cryopreserved formulation of OTL-101 (autologous CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells transduced ex vivo with EFS (Elongation Factor 1α Short form) Lentiviral Vector (LV) encoding for the human ADA gene) administered to ADA-SCID subjects between the ages of 30 days and 17 years of age, who are not eligible for an Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) matched sibling/family donor and meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The OTL-101 product is infused after a minimal interval of at least 24 hours following the completion of reduced intensity conditioning. For subjects who successfully receive the OTL-101 product, pegademase bovine (PEG-ADA) Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) is discontinued at Day+30 (-3/+15) after the transplant. After their discharge from hospital, the subjects will be seen at regular intervals to review their history, perform examinations and draw blood samples to assess immunity and safety.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Due to ADA Deficiency
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: busulfan; Drug: PEG-ADA ERT; Genetic: Infusion of autologous cryopreserved EFS-ADA LV CD34+ cells (OTL-101)

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 10
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • California
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90095
      • University of California, Los Angeles

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 1 year to 15 years (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Provision of written informed consent prior to any study related procedures. In this study consent must be provided by the parents/legal guardians and, where applicable according to local laws, a signed assent from the child,
2. Subjects ≥30 days and <18 years of age,

3. With a diagnosis of ADA-SCID based on:

   Evidence of ADA deficiency, defined as:

   i. Decreased ADA enzymatic activity in erythrocytes, leukocytes, skin fibroblasts, or in cultured fetal cells to levels consistent with ADA-SCID as determined by the reference laboratory, or ii. Identified mutations in ADA alleles consistent with a severe reduction in ADA activity,

   Evidence of ADA-SCID based on either:

   i. Family history of a first order relative with ADA deficiency and clinical and laboratory evidence of severe immunologic deficiency, or ii. Evidence of severe immunologic deficiency in subjects prior to the institution of immune restorative therapy, based on

   • Lymphopenia (absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) <400 cells/µL) OR absence or low number of T cells (absolute CD3+ count < 300 cells/µL), or
   • Severely decreased T lymphocyte blastogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin (either <10% of lower limit of normal controls for the diagnostic laboratory, or <10% of the response of the normal control of the day, or stimulation index <10), or
   • Identification of SCID by neonatal screening revealing low T cell Receptor Excision Circle (TREC) levels.
4. Ineligible for matched family allogeneic Bone Marrow (BM) transplantation, defined as the absence of a medically eligible HLA-identical sibling or family donor, with normal immune function, who could serve as an allogeneic bone marrow donor.
5. Females of child-bearing age will be required to provide a negative pregnancy test 30 days prior to Visit 2.
6. Subjects and their parents/legal guardians must be willing and able to comply with study restrictions and to remain at the clinic for the required duration during the study period and willing to return to the clinic for the follow up evaluation as specified in the protocol.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Ineligible for autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) as per clinical site criteria.
2. Other conditions which in the opinion of the Principal Investigator and/or Co Investigators, contraindicate the harvest of bone marrow, the administration of Busulfan and the infusion of transduced cells, or which indicate an inability of the subject or subject's parent/legal guardian to comply with the protocol.

3. Hematologic abnormality, defined as:

   • Anemia (Hb <8.0 g/dl).
   • Neutropenia (ANC <500/mm3). Note: ANC <500 with absence of myelodysplastic syndrome on bone marrow aspirate and biopsy and normal marrow cytogenetics are acceptable for eligibility.
   • Thrombocytopenia (platelet count <50,000/mm3, at any age).
   • Prothrombin time or international normalized ratio (INR) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) >2 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (subjects with a correctable deficiency controlled on medication will not be excluded).
   • Cytogenetic abnormalities on peripheral blood or bone marrow or amniotic fluid (if available).
   • Prior allogeneic HSCT with cytoreductive conditioning.

4. Pulmonary abnormality, defined as:

   • Resting O2 saturation by pulse oximetry <90% on room air.
   • Chest X-ray indicating active or progressive pulmonary disease. Note: Chest X ray indicating residual signs of treated pneumonitis is acceptable for eligibility.

5. Cardiac abnormality, defined as:

   • Abnormal ECG indicating cardiac pathology.
   • Uncorrected congenital cardiac malformation with clinical symptoms.
   • Active cardiac disease, including clinical evidence of congestive heart failure, cyanosis, hypotension.
   • Poor cardiac function as evidenced by left ventricular ejection fraction <40% on echocardiogram.

6. Neurologic abnormality, defined as:

   • Significant neurologic abnormality revealed by examination.
   • Uncontrolled seizure disorder.

7. Renal abnormality, defined as:

   • Renal insufficiency: serum creatinine ≥1.2 mg/dl (106 µmol/L), or ≥3+ proteinuria.
   • Abnormal serum sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium or phosphate levels at >2 x ULN.

8. Hepatic/gastrointestinal abnormality, defined as:

   • Serum transaminases >5 x ULN.
   • Serum bilirubin >2 x ULN.
   • Serum glucose >1.5 x ULN.

9. Oncologic disease, defined as:

   • Evidence of active malignant disease other than dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP).
   • Evidence of DFSP expected to require anti-neoplastic therapy within the 5 years following the infusion of genetically corrected cells (if anti-neoplastic therapy has been completed, a subject with a history of DFSP can be included).
   • Evidence of DFSP expected to be life limiting within the 5 years following the infusion of genetically corrected cells.
10. Known sensitivity to Busulfan.

11. Confirmation of an infectious disease by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive at time of screening assessment for the following:

    • HIV-1,
    • Hepatitis B,
    • Parvovirus B19.
12. The subject is pregnant or has a major congenital anomaly.
13. Is likely to require treatment during the study with drugs that are not permitted by the study protocol.
14. The subject has previously received another form of gene therapy.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Gene Therapy; Infusion of autologous cryopreserved EFS-ADA LV CD34+ cells	Drug: busulfan; Busulfan is used for non-myeloablative conditioning; Drug: PEG-ADA ERT; PEG-ADA ERT is discontinued at Day +30 (-3/+15 days) after successful engraftment; Genetic: Infusion of autologous cryopreserved EFS-ADA LV CD34+ cells (OTL-101); autologous cryopreserved EFS-ADA LV CD34+ cells (OTL-101) are infused intravenously; Other Names: OTL-101

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Percentage of Participants With Treatment Efficacy After Treatment With OTL 101 (6 Months)	Efficacy of OTL-101 treatment at 6 months post OTL-101 infusion based on the following parameters and thresholds: ADA enzyme activity in erythrocytes above baseline/pretreatment level (i.e., >0 units). ADA enzyme activity is measured to assess the amount of functional gene product produced from the normal ADA transgene delivered by EFS-ADA LV.; Absolute CD3+ T cell counts ≥200 cells/μL. Increase in CD3+ T cell counts is a marker of immune reconstitution.; Granulocyte samples positive for vector sequences by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (≥1/10,000 cells). Vector copy number (VCN) in the Peripheral Blood (PB) Granulocytes fraction that was T cell depleted, is a surrogate for amount of engrafted genetically modified Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) that are producing granulocytes every 3-5 days.	6 months
Overall Survival (OS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year)	Overall survival is defined as the percentage of subjects alive at 12 months post- treatment with cryopreserved OTL-101.	12 Months
Event-free Survival (EvFS) of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (1 Year)	Event-free survival is defined as the percentage of subjects alive with no "event", an "event" being the resumption of PEG-ADA ERT or the need for a rescue allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT), or death.	12 Months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
EvFS of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (2 Years)	Event-free survival is defined as the percentage of subjects alive with no "event", an "event" being the resumption of PEG-ADA ERT or the need for a rescue allogenic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT), or death.	24 months
OS of Subjects Treated With Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) (2 Years)	OS is defined as the percentage of subjects alive at 24 months post- treatment with cryopreserved OTL-101.	24 months
Change From Baseline in CD3+ T Cell Counts (2 Years)	Immune reconstitution was assessed by change in CD3+ T Cell counts over time.	24 months
Severe Infections Excluding First 3 Months After Treatment	The infections of interest in this study were severe infections or opportunistic infectious episodes, defined as infections requiring hospitalization or prolonging hospitalization and/or documented infections by opportunistic pathogens. Infections that took place in the first 3 months of follow-up post treatment were excluded from calculations to avoid possible bias introduced in the data by the effects of conditioning.	24 months
Change From Baseline in Quality of Life Measures (2 Years)	Assessment of quality of life was measured by the Lansky Performance Status Scale. The maximum score on the Lansky Performance Scale is 100 - the child is fully active and able to carry on normal activity with no special care needed. The minimum score is 10 - the child is completely disabled, not even passive play. The scores at baseline (pre-treatment with OTL-101) and scores at Month 24 post-treatment with OTL-101 were compared to establish if there were any changes in the child's score in this timeframe.	24 months
Percentage of Patients Who Stopped Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy (IgRT) (2 Years)	Use of immunoglobulin replacement therapies prior to and after gene therapy were monitored. Indications for considering the discontinuation of immunoglobulin replacement therapy included: absolute CD4+ >200, absolute B cell >100/μl, IgA or IgM > lower limit of normal for age or gene marking >1% detectable in B cells.	24 months
Time to Cessation of IgRT for Those Who Stopped (2 Years)	Use of immunoglobulin replacement therapies prior to and after gene therapy were monitored. For subjects who stopped IgRT during the study, the time of cessation was recorded.	24 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of California, Los Angeles
• Collaborators: Orchard Therapeutics; California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM)
• Investigators: Study Director: Donald B. Kohn, MD, University of California, Los Angeles

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Carbonaro DA, Zhang L, Jin X, Montiel-Equihua C, Geiger S, Carmo M, Cooper A, Fairbanks L, Kaufman ML, Sebire NJ, Hollis RP, Blundell MP, Senadheera S, Fu PY, Sahaghian A, Chan RY, Wang X, Cornetta K, Thrasher AJ, Kohn DB, Gaspar HB. Preclinical demonstration of lentiviral vector-mediated correction of immunological and metabolic abnormalities in models of adenosine deaminase deficiency. Mol Ther. 2014 Mar;22(3):607-622. doi: 10.1038/mt.2013.265. Epub 2013 Nov 20.
• Kohn DB, Booth C, Shaw KL, Xu-Bayford J, Garabedian E, Trevisan V, Carbonaro-Sarracino DA, Soni K, Terrazas D, Snell K, Ikeda A, Leon-Rico D, Moore TB, Buckland KF, Shah AJ, Gilmour KC, De Oliveira S, Rivat C, Crooks GM, Izotova N, Tse J, Adams S, Shupien S, Ricketts H, Davila A, Uzowuru C, Icreverzi A, Barman P, Campo Fernandez B, Hollis RP, Coronel M, Yu A, Chun KM, Casas CE, Zhang R, Arduini S, Lynn F, Kudari M, Spezzi A, Zahn M, Heimke R, Labik I, Parrott R, Buckley RH, Reeves L, Cornetta K, Sokolic R, Hershfield M, Schmidt M, Candotti F, Malech HL, Thrasher AJ, Gaspar HB. Autologous Ex Vivo Lentiviral Gene Therapy for Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2021 May 27;384(21):2002-2013. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2027675. Epub 2021 May 11.

Helpful Links

• Pre-clinical activity and safety data

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): December 16, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 11, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): September 26, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 19, 2016
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 20, 2016
• First Posted (Estimate): December 21, 2016

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 3, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 1, 2022
• Last Verified: August 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: gene therapy; ADA-SCID; lentiviral vector; hematopoietic and progenitor cells
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Metabolic Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; DNA Repair-Deficiency Disorders; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunologic Factors; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Alkylating Agents; Myeloablative Agonists; Busulfan
• Other Study ID Numbers: OTL-101-4

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes