Sleep Intervention

Effects of "If-then" Plans ("Implementation Intentions") on Adolescent Sleep

A trial that tests whether implementation intentions improve sleep among adoelescents.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Mental
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: "If-then" plans; Other: Control

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 151
• Phase: Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 12 years to 16 years (CHILD)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged 12-16 years

Exclusion Criteria:

• Unable or unwilling to complete the question

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: SINGLE

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: First-person "if-then" plan; Participants are asked to form "if-then" plans and the instructions are presented in the first person ("if I...then I..."). "Ifs" are critical situations, "thens" are appropriate responses.	Behavioral: "If-then" plans; "If-then" plans (or "implementation intentions") involve linking in memory critical situations (e.g., temptations) with appropriate responses (e.g., substitution)
EXPERIMENTAL: Second-person "if-then" plan; Participants are asked to form "if-then" plans and the instructions are presented in the second person ("if you...then you..."). "Ifs" are critical situations, "thens" are appropriate responses.	Behavioral: "If-then" plans; "If-then" plans (or "implementation intentions") involve linking in memory critical situations (e.g., temptations) with appropriate responses (e.g., substitution)
PLACEBO_COMPARATOR: Control; Participants are presented with "ifs "(critical situations) and "thens" but are not asked to form "if-then" plans.	Other: Control; Exposure to critical situations (e.g., temptations) and appropriate responses (e.g., substitution) but not linked in memory

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Achieving recommended sleep levels	The main outcome measure was adapted from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (Buysse, Reynolds, Monk, Berman, & Kupfer, 1989), and was designed to tap both quantity and quality of sleep. Sleep quantity was assessed by asking: "How many hours of actual sleep do you normally get on a night before school? _________ hours," "What time do you normally go to bed on a night before school? __________ pm," and "What time do you normally get up on a school day? __________ am."	1 month

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Self-regulation	Sniehotta, Nagy, and Scholz's (2006) six items were used to capture three facets of action control (Karoly, 1993) on 7-point (+1 to +7) strongly disagree-strongly agree scales. (e.g., "During the last month I constantly monitored my sleep on the nights before school")	1 month
Habit	Gardner et al.'s (2012) self-report behavioral automaticity index, which consists of four items measured on 7-point strongly disagree-strongly agree scales. The items are: "Getting 9 hours' sleep on the nights before school is something I do automatically," "Getting 9 hours' sleep on the nights before school is something I do without thinking," "Getting 9 hours' sleep on the nights before school is something I do without having to consciously remember," and "Getting 9 hours' sleep on the nights before school is something I start doing before I realize I'm doing it."	1 month

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Manchester

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): March 4, 2016
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): April 6, 2016
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): April 6, 2016

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 3, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 6, 2017
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): February 8, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ESTIMATE): February 8, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 6, 2017
• Last Verified: February 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: Carding_1

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No