Phase IIa L-serine Trial for eAD (LSPI-2)

A Phase IIa Proof of Concept, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study of the Effects of L-serine on Early Stage Alzheimer's Disease Patients

This is a Phase IIa, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Subjects for participation in this study will be identified by the Investigator based on their Clinical Dementia Rating score which will be completed as part of standard practice. Patients meeting the criteria for early Alzheimer's disease will be considered for study participation, with the Investigator taking the additional inclusion/exclusion criteria into consideration. Up to 40 subjects will be enrolled. Subjects participating in the study will be randomized to receive either gummies containing L-Serine or placebo gummies, with the Investigator and study staff blinded to the group assignments.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Alzheimer Disease
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: L-Serine; Other: Placebo Gummy

Detailed Description

L-serine (C3H7NO3; 105.09 g/mol; synonym (S)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid) is a naturally-occurring dietary amino acid. It is abundant in soy products, some edible seaweeds, sweet potatoes, eggs, and meat. Since some L-serine is produced by astrocytes in the brain, it is considered a non-essential amino acid. L-serine is directly involved in the biosynthesis of purines, pyrimidines, and other amino acids. Serine residues are found in most proteins and within proteins function as a site for phosphorylation.

L-serine is considered as GRAS (generally recognized as safe) by the FDA and has been approved as a normal food additive under CFR172.320. It is widely sold as a dietary supplement. A pilot study of L-serine supplementation of 14 patients with hereditary sensory neuropathy has been published, and subsequent trial is on-going (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01733407). The authors did not report adverse effects at doses of 400mg/kg/day, which for an average American of 75.5kg is about 30 grams, the dose which we propose to use in this study.

L-serine will be administered orally through gummies. Each gummy contains 1 g L-serine (treatment) and will be packaged in a foil packet containing 15 pieces to be taken both morning and evening for nine months. The placebo will be a gummy containing no L-serine, packaged and taken in the same manner. In order to assess tolerability in patients, we have designed a 4 week dose ramp-up. We will monitor side-effects and amino acid balances in blood samples in the early Alzheimer's Disease patients during a dose ramp-up period. If a patient cannot tolerate the full dose of gummies, they will remain in the study taking a total of 1 package of gummies split into two time periods within the day. The same ramp-up schedule and procedures will be observed for both placebo and L-serine patients. Patients will be assessed at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 29
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • New Hampshire
    • Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States, 03756
      • Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Diagnosis of early stage Alzheimer's disease as scored by the ClinicalDementia Rating Scale score of 0.5 -1.0 within the 6 months prior to study enrollment.
2. Participants able to provide informed consent.
3. Participants taking NMDA receptor antagonist medications or acetylcholinesterase inhibitor medications must be on a stable dose of these medications for at least 30 days prior to enrolling in this clinical trial.
4. Participants able to consume study gummy chews throughout the course of the clinical trial.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Diagnosis or previous history of ischemic stroke, astrocytoma, meningioma or oligodendroma.
2. Diagnosis or previous history of any other comorbid diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Lewy Body Disease, Pick's Disease, Huntington's Disease, or Progressive Supra Nuclear Palsy.
3. Undergoing any chemotherapy or radiation therapy for any tumor or carcinoma.
4. Diagnosis or previous history of type I or type II diabetes. Potential subjects with no history of diabetes will be referred to their PCP for a hemoglobin A1C test if they have not had one in the year prior to enrollment.
5. Diagnosis or previous history of psychiatric illness that in the investigator's opinion would affect the subject's ability to successfully participate in the study.
6. In the Investigator's opinion, subject would be unable to successfully participate in the study for any reason.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: L-Serine Gummy Arm; L-serine will be presented in gummies containing 1g serine each. Subjects randomized into the L-serine arm will take 15 grams of L-Serine (15 gummies containing 1g of L-serine) orally twice daily for 246 days after the initial ascending dose period to confirm tolerability of the dose.	Drug: L-Serine; Gummy containing L serine dose
Placebo Comparator: Placebo Gummy Arm; Placebo gummies containing no L-serine will be packaged in the same manner as that of the L-Serine gummy arm and be given to patients to take two times a day.	Other: Placebo Gummy; Gummy with no dosing of L Serine

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Score on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Assessment Evaluation	Cognitive Assessment will be performed and score obtained at clinical trial visits. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment or The MoCA Test is a highly sensitive tool for early detection of mild cognitive impairment. The assessment evaluates eight domains of cognitive functions, including visuospatial and executive function, naming, memory, attention, language, abstraction, and orientation. Scores on the MoCA range from 0 to 30. A score less than 26 is considered as mild cognitive impairment. Higher values represent a better outcome.	Baseline, 6 Months, 9 Months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Plasma Biomarker Levels.	Levels of biomarkers related to cognitive status will be assessed in plasma that was collected at clinical trial visits.	Baseline, 6 Months, 9 months
Relationship Between Montreal Cognitive Assessment Score and Plasma Biomarker Levels	Disease status biomarker levels will be assessed in plasma at trial visits. Montreal Cognitive Assessment testing will be performed and scored at each visit.	Baseline, 6 Months, 9 months

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Self-reported L-serine Tolerability	Each participant will report tolerability on a scale of 1 to 10 (1 = poor and 10 = excellent). This assessment was completed at the end of participation via a phone calls 4 weeks after visit 4.	4 weeks (+/- 2 weeks) after visit 4 (week 36 +/- 2 weeks)
Number of Clinically Significant Lab Values for Complete Blood Count, Liver Function Test, Basic Metabolic Panel Measures.	Health check labs will be collected from every participant at each clinical trial visit. clinically significant lab values will be identified for complete blood count, liver function test, and basic metabolic panel measures.	Baseline, 3 Months, 6 Months, 9 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Aleksandra Stark
• Collaborators: Brain Chemistry Labs, Institute for Ethnomedicine
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Aleksandra C Stark, MD, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 1, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 20, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): July 20, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 20, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 20, 2017
• First Posted (Actual): February 23, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 3, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 8, 2024
• Last Verified: June 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: L-Serine, Alzheimer's Disease, AD, Memory,
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Neurocognitive Disorders; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Dementia; Tauopathies; Alzheimer Disease
• Other Study ID Numbers: D16180

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No