The Effects of Lentil-containing Food Products on Satiety and Food Intake

The Effects of Lentil-containing Food Products on Satiety and Food Intake in Healthy Adults

The Lentil Satiety study will examine the effects of replacing wheat and rice with two types of lentils within food products (muffins and chilies) on satiety and food intake in healthy adults.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Food Intake; Satiety; Appetite
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Small Green Lentil Muffin; Other: Split Red Lentil Muffin; Other: Wheat Muffin; Other: Small Green Lentil Chili; Other: Split Red Lentil Chili; Other: Rice Chili

Detailed Description

The Lentil Satiety study will examine the effects of replacing wheat and rice with two types of lentils (small green Eston and red split) within food products (muffins and chilies) on satiety and food intake in healthy adults, for a total of 6 study treatments. A total of 3 to 6 study visits (corresponding to consuming all muffins and/or all chilies) will take place where participants will consume one of the study treatments and subsequently complete satiety questionnaires over 180 minutes to measure satiety as subjective appetite sensations (hunger, fullness, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption). At 180 minutes, participants will receive ad libitum pizza and bottled water to consume until they are comfortably full for a measure of weighed food intake. At the end of each study visit, participants will be given a food scale and instructed to weigh and record all food and drink consumed for the remainder of the day for a measure of 24-hour energy intake.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 24
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Ontario
    • Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
      • Human Nutraceutical Research Unit

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 40 years (ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy males and females
• Age 18 to 40 years old
• BMI 20-30 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria:

• Blood pressure greater than 140/90 mmHg
• Major medical condition including a history of AIDS or hepatitis
• Medical or surgical event requiring hospitalization within 3 months of randomization
• Any medication use except stable dose (3 months) of oral contraceptives, blood pressure or statin medications
• Tobacco use
• Probiotic supplement use
• Dietary fibre supplement use
• Natural health products (NHPs) used for glycemic control (all other NHPs are ok, as long as stable for 3 months)
• Pulse consumption greater than 4 servings per week
• Food allergy or non-food life threatening allergy
• Pregnant or breastfeeding
• Alcohol consumption of greater than 14 drinks per week or greater than 4 drinks per sitting
• Recent or intended significant weight loss or gain (greater than 4kg in previous 3 months)
• Elite athletes
• Shift workers
• Breakfast skippers
• Score greater than 11, 9, or 8 on the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) Cognitive Restraint, Disinhibition, and Hunger scales, respectively
• Dislike of frozen pizza

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: OTHER
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: CROSSOVER
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

6

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Small Green Lentil Muffin	Other: Small Green Lentil Muffin; Consumption of small green lentil muffin; consumption of ad libitum pizza test meal after 180 minutes
EXPERIMENTAL: Split Red Lentil Muffin	Other: Split Red Lentil Muffin; Consumption of split red lentil muffin; consumption of ad libitum pizza test meal after 180 minutes
PLACEBO_COMPARATOR: Wheat Muffin	Other: Wheat Muffin; Consumption of wheat muffin; consumption of ad libitum pizza test meal after 180 minutes
EXPERIMENTAL: Small Green Lentil Chili	Other: Small Green Lentil Chili; Consumption of small green lentil chili; consumption of ad libitum pizza test meal after 180 minutes
EXPERIMENTAL: Split Red Lentil Chili	Other: Split Red Lentil Chili; Consumption of split red lentil chili; consumption of ad libitum pizza test meal after 180 minutes
PLACEBO_COMPARATOR: Rice Chili	Other: Rice Chili; Consumption of rice chili; consumption of ad libitum pizza test meal after 180 minutes

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Satiety	Satiety will be measured using 100mm visual analog scales (VAS) rating appetite sensations of hunger, fullness, desire to eat, and prospective consumption	Acute: 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after treatment consumption
Food Intake	Food intake will be measured as kilocalories using an ad libitum cheese pizza test meal	Acute: 180 minutes following consumption of treatment

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
24-hour Energy Intake	24-hour energy intake will be measured by providing electronic food scales to participants to weigh and record all food and drink consumed for the rest of the day after leaving the study visit	Acute: 24 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Guelph
• Collaborators: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Saskatchewan Pulse Growers; Pulse Canada

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Clark SL, Ramdath DD, King BV, O'Connor KE, Aliani M, Hawke A, Duncan AM. Food Type and Lentil Variety Affect Satiety Responses but Not Food Intake in Healthy Adults When Lentils Are Substituted for Commonly Consumed Carbohydrates. J Nutr. 2019 Jul 1;149(7):1180-1188. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz050.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): May 1, 2017
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): February 8, 2018
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): February 9, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 20, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 20, 2017
• First Posted (ACTUAL): April 25, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): December 19, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 15, 2018
• Last Verified: December 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: appetite; satiety; food intake; lentils; 24-hour energy intake
• Other Study ID Numbers: REB16-12-883

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No