Brock Exercise And Supplement Trials (BEAST)

Effects of Greek Yogurt and Exercise on Muscle Size, Body Composition and Bone Health in Untrained, University-aged Males

This study will analyze the effects of Greek yogurt consumption and an 12 week exercise intervention on muscle size, body composition and bone health in untrained, university-aged males.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Healthy; Untrained
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Resistance and Plyometric Exercise; Dietary supplement: Greek Yogurt (0% Plain); Dietary supplement: Placebo - Study Designed Supplement

Detailed Description

Introduction: Previous research has shown the effectiveness of dairy milk and whey protein on increasing muscle size, optimizing body composition and increasing strength in adult males. However, evidence on the use of high protein/Greek yogurt on muscle size, body composition and bone health is limited in this population. Yogurt contains similar muscle and bone supporting nutrients as milk, yet it offers a host of additional benefits including; increased satiety, probiotic cultures, greater stability, increased variety, more affordable and versatile features such as acting as a vehicle for consumption of other healthful foods. The proposed research will investigate the use of Greek yogurt as an effective post-exercise food to promote healthy body composition and bone health changes in young adult males.

Design: Parallel, randomized controlled trial.

Participants: 30 (n=15 YOG, n=15 PLA) healthy, untrained university-aged males.

Methods: Subjects will undergo a 12-week resistance and plyometric training program (exercising 3 days/week). The YOG group will consume a 200g dose (pro= 20g, carbs= 8 grams, ~110 kcals) of plain 0% Greek yogurt, while the PLA group will consume an isoenergetic, protein-void beverage comprised mainly of maltodextrin (pro= 0g, carbs= 26g, ~110 kcals). Each group will consume 3 doses per day (immediately and 1 hour post-exercise, and bedtime). Markers of bone health (CTx and P1NP) will be taken at baseline, 1 week and 12 weeks to determine acute and total changes. Muscle size, body composition, strength, vertical jump height and nutritional diaries will be measured pre and post intervention and habitual diet maintenance will be encouraged throughout the intervention.

Anticipated Results: It is hypothesized that each group will undergo positive changes in the aforementioned measures, however due to the increase in protein and calcium consumption, the yogurt group is predicted to have significantly greater increases in these variables than the placebo group.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 30
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Ontario
    • St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada, L2S3A1
      • Brock University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 25 years (ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male
• Age 18-25 years
• Normal BMI (18.5-24.9) kg/m2
• Have not participated in a resistance training program (of resistance exercise at least 2x/week or more) in the last 6 months
• Healthy and not taking any medication affecting muscle or bone
• Not supplementing with vitamins/ minerals or protein
• Speak and understand English
• No dairy allergy or lactose intolerance

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Yogurt Group; Group will be consuming 200g of Greek Yogurt (Plain, 0%) 3 times daily for 12 weeks	Behavioral: Resistance and Plyometric Exercise; 12 weeks of Resistance (twice weekly) and Plyometric (once weekly) training; Dietary supplement: Greek Yogurt (0% Plain); 200g 3x/day for 12 weeks.
PLACEBO_COMPARATOR: Study Designed Supplement Group; Group will consume an isoenergetic, protein void, maltodextrin-based placebo supplement during the same time points for 12 weeks as well. The Placebo contain maltodextrin and pudding powder to mimic the consistency of Greek yogurt.	Behavioral: Resistance and Plyometric Exercise; 12 weeks of Resistance (twice weekly) and Plyometric (once weekly) training; Dietary supplement: Placebo - Study Designed Supplement; Iso-energetic to yogurt. 3x/day for 12 weeks.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Muscular Strength	1 Repetition Maximum of bench press, seated row, quad extension and hamstring curl	Change from Baseline to 12 weeks
Muscle Size	Muscle Size determined by ultrasound at various sites.	Change from Baseline to 12 weeks
Body Composition	Body Fat % measured via BodPod and BodyMetrix	Change from Baseline to 12 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Bone cell activity	Bone markers measured in serum.	Change from Baseline to 12 weeks
Vertical Jump Height	measured via chalk-on-wall technique	Change from Baseline to 12 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Brock University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Bridge A, Brown J, Snider H, Nasato M, Ward WE, Roy BD, Josse AR. Greek Yogurt and 12 Weeks of Exercise Training on Strength, Muscle Thickness and Body Composition in Lean, Untrained, University-Aged Males. Front Nutr. 2019 Apr 30;6:55. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00055. eCollection 2019.

Helpful Links

• Published Manuscript

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): July 1, 2017
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): August 30, 2018
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): May 30, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 14, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 21, 2017
• First Posted (ACTUAL): June 23, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): September 17, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 15, 2019
• Last Verified: September 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Exercise; Body Composition; Bone Health; Greek Yogurt; Muscle Size
• Other Study ID Numbers: REB16-295

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No