Iron Fish in Dominican Republic (DR) Children

Cooking With Iron Ingots: Assessing Feasibility and Natural History of Iron-deficiency Anemia Among Preschool-aged Children in Resource-limited Settings

The objective of the study is to assess the acceptability, feasibility, and barriers to Lucky Iron Fish™ (LIF) utilization among families with young children in a Latin American community with a high prevalence of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia.

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Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Iron-deficiency; Anemia; Iron Deficiency Anemia
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: Lucky Iron Fish; Other: enhanced standard of care

Detailed Description

The primary objective is to assess the acceptability of cooking with an iron ingot (Lucky Iron Fish™) compared to traditional oral iron supplementation methods among preschool aged children in a Dominican community with a high prevalence of anemia (> 50%). Data will be collected to characterize the natural history of iron deficiency and anemia in pre-school aged children in a Dominican community. The study will involve a randomized control trial to assess the primary objective: children > 1 year and < 5 years of age will be randomized into two study arms: LIF plus citrus (LIF arm) versus standard iron-supplementation (enhanced standard of care). Participants enrolled in the both study arms will have study labs drawn every 3, 6, and 12-months (hemoglobin, serum ferritin, c-reactive protein) to assess the natural history of iron deficiency in these children. Concomitant to study labs, parents/guardians will be surveyed on acceptability, compliance, and barriers to use of their assigned iron supplementation method.

Primary study outcomes are the change in hemoglobin within the LIF group and then difference in change in hemoglobin between study arms over a 12-month study period. Secondary outcomes include changes in serum ferritin within and between study arms and exploring the relationship between changes in hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and C-reactive protein

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 80
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Dominican Republic
  • San Pedro De Macoris
    • Consuelo, San Pedro De Macoris, Dominican Republic
      • Ninos Primeros en Salud

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 4 months to 3 years (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Parent/guardian ≥ 18 years of age
• Child > 1 year and < 5 years of age
• Child followed by Niños Primeros en Salud (NPS)
• Parent/guardian is Spanish speaking
• Parental/guardian permission is provided (informed consent)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Mother/Infant pairs enrolled in related protocol of this study
• Inability to understand and speak Spanish
• Severe cognitive impairment or severe psychiatric disease which would prohibit the answering of study questions
• Child followed by NPS malnutrition program
• Persons receiving pre-designed nutrient-fortified foods or participation in another nutrition program
• Child has documented sickle cell disease

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: LIF + Citrus; Parents of subjects > 1 year and < 5 years with anemia (Hemoglobin < 11.0 g/dL) are provided the lucky iron fish and citrus along with instructions for use. Followed at regular intervals.	Device: Lucky Iron Fish; 200g iron ingot that is placed in boiling water for 10+ minutes, and then removed. The water is then used to eating and drinking.
Active Comparator: enhanced standard of care; Parents of subjects > 1 year and < 5 years with anemia (Hemoglobin < 11.0 g/dL) are provided the oral iron supplementation consistent with standard of care, and then followed at regular intervals in addition to any care determined to be necessary by regular provider.	Other: enhanced standard of care; parents of subjects are provided oral iron supplementation per usual clinical care at clinic and followed for their anemia in addition to study visits

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Rates of refusal	Rates of refusal to participate in study measured as proportion of subjects refusing to enter study compared to total number approached.	12-months
Retention	Within each study arm (Iron ingot vs. Oral iron supplementation), will calculate proportion lost to follow-up. Number of subjects lost to follow up divided total number of subjects enrolled at study entry.	12-months
Adherence to iron ingot use	Using a questionnaire with several likert-scale questions, we will assess adherence to iron ingot use. Questions include "When was the last time you used the Fish", "how often do you use the fish for meal preparation", "how often do you use the fish to prepare water", "how long do you typically boil the fish". The answer to each question has between 4-5 possible ordinal responses which will be converted into numerical data (1,2,3,4,5) and cumulative scores will be created to assess degree of use/adherence.	12-months
Adherence to oral iron use	Using a questionnaire with several likert-scale questions, we will assess adherence to oral iron supplementation. Questions include: "How many doses were missed each week", "Do you recall dose and frequency of oral iron you were prescribed", "If doses were missed, was this accidental, intentional, or both". The answer to each question has between 4-5 possible ordinal responses which will be converted into numerical data (1,2,3,4,5) and cumulative scores will be created to assess degree of use/adherence.	12-months
Natural history of hemoglobin among those subjects using iron ingot	We will assess changes in hemoglobin WITHIN iron ingot study arm. Hemoglobin will be measured in grams per deciliter (g/dL) and measured at enrollment, 3-months, 6-months, and 12-months. If data is normally distributed, a paired/dependent t-test will be used, if non-normal, a non-parametric test like Wilcoxon's Matched pairs test will be used.	Will be at 4 individual points over a 12-mo period - at enrollment, 3-month follow-up, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up which is study end. Thus, the time frame is 4 separate visits over a 12-month period
Natural history of hemoglobin among those subjects using oral iron	We will assess changes in hemoglobin WITHIN oral iron study arm. Hemoglobin will be measured in grams per deciliter (g/dL) and measured at enrollment, 3-months, 6-months, and 12-months. If data is normally distributed, a paired/dependent t-test will be used, if non-normal, a non-parametric test like Wilcoxon's Matched pairs test will be used.	Will be at 4 individual points over a 12-mo period - at enrollment, 3-month follow-up, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up which is study end. Thus, the time frame is 4 separate visits over a 12-month period
Natural history hemoglobin: Iron ingot vs. Oral iron	The difference in change in hemoglobin (measure in g/dL) between the study study arms (iron ingot arm vs. oral iron supplementation arm) will be assessed using two-sample t-test (normal distribution) or Wilcoxon-rank-sum (non-normal distribution).	12-month.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Natural history of serum ferritin among subjects using iron ingot	We will assess changes in serum ferritin WITHIN iron ingot study arm. Serum ferritin will be measured in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) and measured at enrollment, 3-months, 6-months, and 12-months. If data is normally distributed, a paired/dependent t-test will be used, if non-normal, a non-parametric test like Wilcoxon's Matched pairs test will be used.	Will be at 4 individual points over a 12-mo period - at enrollment, 3-month follow-up, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up which is study end. Thus, the time frame is 4 separate visits over a 12-month period
Natural history of serum ferritin among subjects using oral iron	We will assess changes in serum ferritin WITHIN oral iron supplementation study arm. Serum ferritin will be measured in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) and measured at enrollment, 3-months, 6-months, and 12-months. If data is normally distributed, a paired/dependent t-test will be used, if non-normal, a non-parametric test like Wilcoxon's Matched pairs test will be used.	Will be at 4 individual points over a 12-mo period - at enrollment, 3-month follow-up, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up which is study end. Thus, the time frame is 4 separate visits over a 12-month period
Natural history serum ferritin: Iron ingot vs. Oral iron	The difference in change in serum ferritin (measured in ng/mL) between the study study arms (iron ingot arm vs. oral iron supplementation arm) will be assessed using two-sample t-test (normal distribution) or Wilcoxon-rank-sum (non-normal distribution).	12-months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
• Collaborators: Lucky Iron Fish

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 20, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 16, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): October 16, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 7, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 22, 2017
• First Posted (Actual): June 26, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 7, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 5, 2018
• Last Verified: November 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: iron intake; iron bioavailability
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Metabolic Diseases; Hematologic Diseases; Anemia, Hypochromic; Iron Metabolism Disorders; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Anemia
• Other Study ID Numbers: 16-012631

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No