Reducing UV Exposure to Prevent Skin Cancer: Message Development & Testing

Phase 3b of the research will be a laboratory experiment that uses an experimental and analytic design that is parallel to that used in Phase 3a, the online experiment. The primary objective of Phase 3b is to assess physiological response (i.e., eye tracking) to different message appeals of the audio-visual messages used in Phase 3a on respondents' behavioral intentions and UV-related behavioral choices post-exposure. Including time for preparation, viewing, and removal of the monitoring equipment, the message viewing session will take about 45 minutes per session.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Behavior, Health
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Outdoor Sun Behavior; Behavioral: Indoor Tanning Behavior

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 3595
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Pennsylvania
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104
      • CIRNA Lab

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 49 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18-49 year old non-Hispanic white (NHW) adults
• OR 18-25 year old NHW females who have tanned indoors in the past 12 months

Exclusion Criteria:

-

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Outdoor Sun Exposure Behavior; A convenience sample of white, English-speaking adults ages 18 to 49 will be recruited via online advertisements in Philadelphia and the surrounding region (within a 30 mile radius). The investigators will recruit 120 adults to test outdoor UV exposure messages. The investigators will quota sample to ensure representation across age and gender groups. The inclusion criteria are that adults must be white, must be between 18-49 years old and must speak English.	Behavioral: Outdoor Sun Behavior; Participants will provide informed consent and complete a short background questionnaire about usual sun exposure and protection behaviors and demographics. Next, each participant will be seated in a room to view the audio-visual media messages. Eye-tracking equipment running Paradigm (Perception Research Systems Incorporated) for stimuli presentation will be calibrated to the participant. Subjects will be seated at a desk in front of a computer monitor, keyboard and mouse setup. Each participant will view messages with different emotional appeals related to outdoor sun exposure (seeking shade, covering up, using sunscreen, and multiple behaviors). Messages will be shown in random order, with each message interspersed by a 30 second baseline screen consisting of black background and white, centered plus sign. The last 10 seconds of each preceding the 30-second baseline screen will be used to establish physiologic baseline to minimize carry-over effects of the preceding message.
Experimental: Indoor Tanning Behavior; A convenience sample of white, English-speaking females ages 18 to 25 will be recruited via online advertisements and flyers in Philadelphia and the surrounding region (within a 30 mile radius). The investigators will recruit 60 adults to test indoor tanning messages. The inclusion criteria are that adults must be white, female, must be between 18-25 years old, must have used an indoor tanning bed at least once in the past 12 months, and must speak English.	Behavioral: Indoor Tanning Behavior; Upon arrival, participants will provide informed consent and complete a short background questionnaire about usual indoor tanning, sun exposure and protection behaviors, and demographics. Next, each participant will be seated in a room to view the audio-visual media messages. Eye-tracking equipment running Paradigm (Perception Research Systems Incorporated) for stimuli presentation will be calibrated to the participant. Subjects will be seated at a desk in front of a typical computer monitor, keyboard and mouse setup. Each participant will view messages with each type of target behavior (freedom, health risk, appearance)). Messages will be shown in random order, with each message interspersed by a 30 second baseline screen consisting of black background and white, centered plus sign. The last 10 seconds of each preceding the 30-second baseline screen will be used to establish physiologic baseline to minimize carry-over effects of the preceding message.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Laboratory Survey	Questionnaire measures will be completed using an iPad with Qualtrics software. Participants will be asked to evaluate each message for its argument strength, emotional appeal, and themes; participants will also be asked about their intentions and beliefs related to each behavior. The research technician will not initiate a conversation with the participant during the experimental session except to give instructions.	Baseline
Follow-up Survey	Two weeks after the completed laboratory session, participants will be emailed a link to complete a follow-up survey. The survey will ask about participants' ability to recall the messages, attitudes regarding outdoor sun protection behaviors, actual behaviors in the past two weeks, whether the participants have used or will use the product they selected, and whether the participants have discussed the messages with anyone else.	Two weeks post baseline Laboratory Survey

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Measure of Behavioral Intent	Upon finishing the experiment, respondents will be offered a choice of one of four "thank you" gifts of comparable value: sunscreen, hand sanitizer, and moisturizer with or without SPF protection. The experimenter will unobtrusively record the subjects' selections.	Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Pennsylvania
• Collaborators: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Karen Glanz, PhD, MPH, University of Pennsylvania

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 29, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 28, 2017
• Study Completion (Actual): September 28, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 21, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 26, 2017
• First Posted (Actual): June 28, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 14, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 13, 2018
• Last Verified: November 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Skin Diseases; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Skin Neoplasms
• Other Study ID Numbers: 821348

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No