Translation of District Sun Safe Policies to Schools (SSS)

The purpose of the Translation of District Sun Safe Policies to Schools study was to test whether schools need assistance to facilitate the implementation of school district board-approved sun safety policies by individual elementary schools. The intervention is expected to produce a change in practices at the school level and to improve the sun safety behavior of children attending the intervention schools compared to control schools. A group of 40 school districts in Southern California that adopted board policy 5141.7 for sun safety provided 118 schools that were randomized to a intervention condition or to an attention control condition. The primary outcome is change in school-level sun safety practices based on 10 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) categories for policy change (i.e., sunscreen use, UV protective clothing, hats, student education, teacher education, provision of shade, scheduling to avoid peak UV exposure, parent outreach, resource allocation for sun safety, and an accountability system). This primary outcome was assessed by a survey of the principal and one teacher at each school (N=118 principals and 113 teachers at pretest). Parents (N=1770 at pretest) of children attending the schools completed a self-report measure assessing the secondary outcomes of change in individual-level sun safety behavior of their elementary school aged children and number of communications received from the school regarding sun safety. Assessment of principals, teachers and parents occurred at pretest, just prior to randomization, and at a posttest 20-months after the pretest. One Parent Teacher Association (PTA) representative per school was contacted to assess PTA involvement in intervention activities related to sun safety.

The primary hypothesis was stated for the effectiveness of the intervention condition at increasing school-level sun safety practices consistent with the sun safety policies of the school districts and read, H1: At follow-up, a greater percentage of schools in the intervention condition will implement at least one component of the school district sun safety policy compared to schools randomized to the attention-control condition.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Sun Safety; Sun Safe Schools; Prevention of Skin Cancer
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Translation of District Sun Safe Policies to Schools; Behavioral: Attention Control

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 118
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • California
    • Claremont, California, United States, 91711
      • Claremont Graduate University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• School districts in California with school Board Policy 5141.7 available online, and with at least one elementary school.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Schools Districts that do not have school Board Policy 5141.7 online, or do not have any elementary schools

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Intervention; All participants in the Translation of District Sun Safe Policies to Schools arm received 1) initial coaching meeting that guided principals through an evaluation of current sun safety practices, the selection of goals for the implementation of sun safety practices, and guidance on the use of intervention materials to support implementation of sun safety practices in the school, 2) follow-up communications from coaches including email, telephone, and virtual meetings, 3) access to media and online resources to support implementation of sun safety practices, 4) mini-grants to support changes in school sun safety practices.	Behavioral: Translation of District Sun Safe Policies to Schools; Translation of District Sun Safe Policies to Schools intervention was guided by Diffusion of Innovation Theory. Principals and other staff in intervention schools received 1) initial coaching meeting that guided principals through an evaluation of current sun safety practices, the selection of goals for the implementation of sun safety practices, and guidance on the use of intervention materials to support implementation of sun safety practices in the school, 2) follow-up communications from coaches including email, telephone, and virtual meetings, 3) access to media and online resources to support implementation of sun safety practices, 4) mini-grants to support changes in school sun safety practices. These components promoted implementation of the 10 policy components recommended by CDC.
Other: Attention Control; All participants in the attention control arm received three emails during the 20 month intervention period including (1) NASBE's Fit Healthy and Ready to Learn; A School Health Guide Part II: Policies to Promote Sun Safety and Prevent Skin Cancer, (2) CDC's Guidelines for Sun Safety to Prevent Skin Cancer, and (3) a link to the Surgeon General's 2014 Call to Action to Prevent Skin Cancer. This attention-control treatment will equalize schools on awareness of recommendations to implement school sun safety.	Behavioral: Attention Control; Schools in the control condition received three emails during the 20 month intervention period including (1) NASBE's Fit Healthy and Ready to Learn; A School Health Guide Part II: Policies to Promote Sun Safety and Prevent Skin Cancer, (2) CDC's Guidelines for Sun Safety to Prevent Skin Cancer, and (3) a link to the Surgeon General's 2014 Call to Action to Prevent Skin Cancer. This attention-control treatment will equalize schools on awareness of recommendations to implement school sun safety.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Measure of implementation of sun safety practices and policy at schools	Change in implementation of sun safety policy after intervention, through survey administration	20 Months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Students sun protection behavior	Change in sun safety behaviors after intervention, through survey administration	20 Months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Claremont Graduate University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Kim D Reynolds, PhD, Claremont Graduate University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Reynolds KD, Buller DB, Buller MK, Massie K, Berteletti J, Ashley J, Meenan R. Randomized controlled trial evaluating an intervention supporting implementation of sun safety policies in California public elementary schools. Prev Med. 2020 Aug;137:106125. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106125. Epub 2020 May 7.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 13, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 21, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): April 10, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 6, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 8, 2017
• First Posted (Actual): August 9, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 20, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 18, 2018
• Last Verified: July 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Skin Diseases; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Skin Neoplasms
• Other Study ID Numbers: 5R01HD074416 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No