Diet Quality Among U.S.-Born and Foreign-born Non-Hispanic Blacks

Diet Quality Among U.S.-Born and Foreign-born Non-Hispanic Blacks: NHANES 2003-2012 Data

This study compares the diet quality between U.S.-born and foreign-born non-Hispanic Blacks using pooled NHANES data.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Diet Habit

Detailed Description

This study uses the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) and Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) scores to compare diet quality between U.S.-born (n=3,837) and foreign-born (n=406) non-Hispanic Black adults aged 22-79y, based on pooled nationally representative data (NHANES 2003-2012); as well as by length of U.S. residency. Association between nativity and diet quality was done using multivariable-adjusted linear regression for the continuous total diet quality scores and their components, or multinomial (polytomous) logistic regression for categorical tertiles (low, medium, or high) of the total scores and their components. The study found that foreign-born Blacks had significantly higher AHEI-2010 and DASH scores compared to U.S-born Blacks, and more favorable intakes for many of the score components. Among foreign-born Blacks, diet quality did not significantly differ by length of residency. Foreign-born Blacks were more likely to be in the high than low tertile for fruit (including and excluding fruit juice), vegetables (excluding starchy vegetables), percent whole grains, and omega-3 fatty acids. Overall, the study suggests that foreign-born Blacks have better diet quality compared to their U.S.-born counterparts. Considering nativity among U.S. Blacks in nutrition research and public health efforts may therefore improve accuracy of characterizing dietary intakes and facilitate development of targeted nutrition interventions to reduce diet-related diseases in the diverse Black population in the U.S.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 4243

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 22 years to 79 years (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population comprised 4,243 non-Hispanic Blacks, including 3,837 U.S.-born (90.4%) and 406 foreign-born (9.6%). Compared to U.S.-born Blacks, a higher proportion of foreign-born Blacks were male, had attained a higher level of education, were classified as normal or overweight, had never been a smoker, engaged in physical activity, and had lower energy intake. In comparison to those who were in the U.S. for <10 years, more foreign-born Blacks who were in the U.S. for ≥30 years were current smokers (14.8% vs. 5.0%, respectively), had higher income (IPR of ≥4.00: 43.5% vs 7.9%, respectively), and a higher percent with a college degree or higher (39.4% vs. 18.3%, respectively). Foreign-born Blacks residing in the U.S. for ≥30 years reported higher BMI in comparison to those residing in the U.S. for <10 years (28.8 vs. 26.7 kg/m2).

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• 22-79

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant subjects
• Energy intakes of ≤600 kcal and ≥ 4800 kcal
• No dietary data available

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Adapted AHEI-2010	Components include: fruit (excluding fruit juice) (s/d); vegetables (excluding white potatoes) (s/d); whole grains (oz-equivalents/d); sugar-sweetened beverages (s/d); nuts, legumes, and vegetable protein (oz-equivalents/d); red/processed meat (s/d); long-chain omega-3 fats (EPA+DHA; mg/d); polyunsaturated fats (PUFA; % kcal/d); sodium (mg/d); and alcohol (drinks/d). Potential range of 0-100 points and higher scores indicative of higher diet quality	2003-2012

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Adapted DASH score	Quintile-, food-based dietary score assessing adherence to the DASH diet, which was developed as a dietary approach to prevent and treat hypertension. Components of the revised score include vegetables, fruit, whole grains, nuts and legumes, sodium, red and processed meat, and sugar-sweetened beverages.	2003-2012

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Sara C. Folta
• Collaborators: Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH)

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): January 1, 2003
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): December 1, 2012
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): December 1, 2012

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 28, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 28, 2017
• First Posted (ACTUAL): August 30, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): August 30, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 28, 2017
• Last Verified: August 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: health disparities; diet quality; immigrants; foreign-born; Blacks/African Americans; place of birth/nativity; length of residency; NHANES; acculturation
• Other Study ID Numbers: R01HL115189 (NIH)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No