Obesity, Inflammation and Aging: Effects of Physical Exercise and Omega-3 Fatty Acids. (OBELEX)

Dysfunction of Adipose Tissue in Obesity, Inflammation and Aging: Mechanisms and Effects of Physical Exercise and Omega-3 Fatty Acids.

Dysfunction of adipose tissue in obesity, inflammation and aging: mechanisms and effects of physical exercise and omega-3 fatty acids.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Inflammation; Obesity; Aging
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Placebo (olive oil); Dietary supplement: Omega-3 (DHA-rich dietary supplement); Other: Resistance training

Detailed Description

Obesity is associated with the development of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and immune disorders. Obesity also leads to reduced lifespan and accelerated cellular processes similar to those of aging. On the other hand, aging is accompanied by the accumulation of visceral fat and the metabolic complications associated to obesity. Both obesity and aging have been identified as chronic, low-grade inflammation disorders. The inflammation in aging has been considered as a risk factor for the development of most of age-related diseases, and therefore for morbidity and mortality in the elderly. However, the specific mechanisms leading to inflammation in aging remain largely unknown.

Resolution of inflammation is an active process which involves production of several series of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators such lipoxins, resolvin, protectins and maresin. The hypothesis of this trial is that the chronic inflammation associated to obesity and aging could be the result of an impaired production of these specialized pro-resolutive lipid mediators, mainly in adipose tissue. On the other hand, the investigators also propose that altered transcriptional pattern might be responsible for the development of the inflammation associated with the pathophysiology of obesity and aging. Therefore the first general aim of the current project will be to characterize the mechanisms involved in the unresolved chronic inflammation that arises during obesity and aging.

Because n-3 PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) serve as substrates for the synthesis of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators and are important transcriptional regulators, the investigators propose that dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFAs, alone or in combination with regular physical exercise could promote the resolution of local and systemic inflammation and the subsequent metabolic disorders associated to obesity and aging. A trial in overweight/obese postmenopausal women will be carried out to characterize the potential beneficial effects of regular administration of a DHA-rich dietary supplement and/or a progressive resistance training (PRT) program on weight and fat mass loss, insulin sensitivity, inflammatory markers and gene/miRNA/lipidomic/metabolomic profile in serum and/or adipose tissue. Moreover, changes in gut microbiota will be also addressed.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 85
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Spain
  • Navarra
    • Pamplona, Navarra, Spain, 31008
      • Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology. Centre for Nutrition Research.

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 55 years to 70 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Post-menopausal women
• Age between 55 and 70 years
• Body Mass Index (BMI) between 27.5 and 35 kg/m²
• Weight unchanged (± 3 kg) for the last 3 months
• Overall physical and psychological condition that the investigator believes is in accordance with the overall aim of the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Use of regular prescription medication: specially statins, antidiabetic drugs, menopausal hormone replacement therapy
• To suffer from any chronic metabolic condition: severe dislipidemia, type 1 or 2 diabetes, hepatic (cirrhosis), renal disease, cardiovascular disease, neuromuscular disease, arthritic disease, pulmonary disease and/or other debilitating diseases
• Food allergies and/or food intolerance expected to come up during the study
• Following special diets (Atkins, vegetarian, etc.) prior three months the start of the study
• Eating disorders
• Surgically treated obesity
• Alcohol or drug abuse

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Placebo Comparator: Control; Dietary advice for a healthy diet supplemented with placebo (olive oil).	Dietary supplement: Placebo (olive oil); Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled intervention with DHA-rich dietary supplement with or without resistance training program for 16 weeks.
Experimental: Omega-3; Dietary advice for a healthy diet supplemented with DHA-rich dietary supplement (providing 1.650 mg/day of DHA).	Dietary supplement: Omega-3 (DHA-rich dietary supplement); Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled intervention with DHA-rich dietary supplement with or without resistance training program for 16 weeks.
Experimental: Resistance Training; Dietary advice for a healthy diet supplemented with placebo (olive oil) and moderate resistance training program.	Dietary supplement: Placebo (olive oil); Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled intervention with DHA-rich dietary supplement with or without resistance training program for 16 weeks.; Other: Resistance training; Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled intervention with DHA-rich dietary supplement with or without resistance training program for 16 weeks.
Experimental: Omega-3 + Resistance Training; Dietary advice for a healthy diet supplemented with a DHA-rich dietary supplement (providing 1.650 mg/day of DHA) and moderate resistance training program.	Dietary supplement: Omega-3 (DHA-rich dietary supplement); Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled intervention with DHA-rich dietary supplement with or without resistance training program for 16 weeks.; Other: Resistance training; Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled intervention with DHA-rich dietary supplement with or without resistance training program for 16 weeks.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Fat mass reduction	Evaluation of body fat mass changes induced by the different interventions, analyzed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA).	Week 0 (baseline)
Fat mass reduction	Evaluation of body fat mass changes induced by the different interventions, analyzed by Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA).	Week 16 (end of intervention)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Evolution of fat mass reduction	Evaluation of body fat mass changes induced by the different interventions analyzed by bioimpedance.	Week 0 (baseline)
Evolution of fat mass reduction	Evaluation of body fat mass changes induced by the different interventions analyzed by bioimpedance.	Week 2
Evolution of fat mass reduction	Evaluation of body fat mass changes induced by the different interventions analyzed by bioimpedance.	Week 4
Evolution of fat mass reduction	Evaluation of body fat mass changes induced by the different interventions analyzed by bioimpedance.	Week 6
Evolution of fat mass reduction	Evaluation of body fat mass changes induced by the different interventions analyzed by bioimpedance.	Week 8
Evolution of fat mass reduction	Evaluation of body fat mass changes induced by the different interventions analyzed by bioimpedance.	Week 10
Evolution of fat mass reduction	Evaluation of body fat mass changes induced by the different interventions analyzed by bioimpedance.	Week 12
Evolution of fat mass reduction	Evaluation of body fat mass changes induced by the different interventions analyzed by bioimpedance.	Week 14
Evolution of fat mass reduction	Evaluation of body fat mass changes induced by the different interventions analyzed by bioimpedance.	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Weight loss	Changes in body weight will be measured by a body weight scale to the nearest 0.1 kg	Week 0 (baseline)
Weight loss	Changes in body weight will be measured by a body weight scale to the nearest 0.1 kg	Week 2
Weight loss	Changes in body weight will be measured by a body weight scale to the nearest 0.1 kg	Week 4
Weight loss	Changes in body weight will be measured by a body weight scale to the nearest 0.1 kg	Week 6
Weight loss	Changes in body weight will be measured by a body weight scale to the nearest 0.1 kg	Week 8
Weight loss	Changes in body weight will be measured by a body weight scale to the nearest 0.1 kg	Week 10
Weight loss	Changes in body weight will be measured by a body weight scale to the nearest 0.1 kg	Week 12
Weight loss	Changes in body weight will be measured by a body weight scale to the nearest 0.1 kg	Week 14
Weight loss	Changes in body weight will be measured by a body weight scale to the nearest 0.1 kg	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Evolution of body composition	Evaluation of fat-free mass changes will be analyzed by bioimpedance.	Week 0 (baseline)
Evolution of body composition	Evaluation of fat-free mass changes will be analyzed by bioimpedance.	Week 2
Evolution of body composition	Evaluation of fat-free mass changes will be analyzed by bioimpedance.	Week 4
Evolution of body composition	Evaluation of fat-free mass changes will be analyzed by bioimpedance.	Week 6
Evolution of body composition	Evaluation of fat-free mass changes will be analyzed by bioimpedance.	Week 8
Evolution of body composition	Evaluation of fat-free mass changes will be analyzed by bioimpedance.	Week 10
Evolution of body composition	Evaluation of fat-free mass changes will be analyzed by bioimpedance.	Week 12
Evolution of body composition	Evaluation of fat-free mass changes will be analyzed by bioimpedance.	Week 14
Evolution of body composition	Evaluation of fat-free mass changes will be analyzed by bioimpedance.	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Hip circumference	Hip circumference will be measured with a measuring tape.	Week 0 (baseline)
Hip circumference	Hip circumference will be measured with a measuring tape.	Week 8
Hip circumference	Hip circumference will be measured with a measuring tape.	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Neck circumference	Neck circumference will be measured with a measuring tape.	Week 0 (baseline)
Neck circumference	Neck circumference will be measured with a measuring tape.	Week 8
Neck circumference	Neck circumference will be measured with a measuring tape.	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Waist circumference	Waist circumference will be measured with a measuring tape.	Week 0 (baseline)
Waist circumference	Waist circumference will be measured with a measuring tape.	Week 8
Waist circumference	Waist circumference will be measured with a measuring tape.	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Abdomen circumference	Abdomen circumference will be measured with a measuring tape.	Week 0 (baseline)
Abdomen circumference	Abdomen circumference will be measured with a measuring tape.	Week 8
Abdomen circumference	Abdomen circumference will be measured with a measuring tape.	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Arm circumference	Arm circumference will be measured with a measuring tape.	Week 0 (baseline)
Arm circumference	Arm circumference will be measured with a measuring tape.	Week 8
Arm circumference	Arm circumference will be measured with a measuring tape.	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Midthigh circumference	Midthigh circumference will be measured with a measuring tape.	Week 0 (baseline)
Midthigh circumference	Midthigh circumference will be measured with a measuring tape.	Week 8
Midthigh circumference	Midthigh circumference will be measured with a measuring tape.	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Midcalf circumference	Midcalf circumference will be measured with a measuring tape.	Week 0 (baseline)
Midcalf circumference	Midcalf circumference will be measured with a measuring tape.	Week 8
Midcalf circumference	Midcalf circumference will be measured with a measuring tape.	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Triceps skinfold	Triceps skinfold will be measured with a caliper.	Week 0 (baseline)
Triceps skinfold	Triceps skinfold will be measured with a caliper.	Week 8
Triceps skinfold	Triceps skinfold will be measured with a caliper.	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Thigh skinfold	Thigh skinfold will be measured with a caliper.	Week 0 (baseline)
Thigh skinfold	Thigh skinfold will be measured with a caliper.	Week 8
Thigh skinfold	Thigh skinfold will be measured with a caliper.	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Medial calf skinfold	Medial calf skinfold will be measured with a caliper.	Week 0 (baseline)
Medial calf skinfold	Medial calf skinfold will be measured with a caliper.	Week 8
Medial calf skinfold	Medial calf skinfold will be measured with a caliper.	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Blood pressure	Systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be measured with a tensiometer.	Week 0 (baseline)
Blood pressure	Systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be measured with a tensiometer.	Week 8
Blood pressure	Systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be measured with a tensiometer.	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Serum glucose	Fasting serum glucose will be measured after overnight fast.	Week 0 (baseline)
Serum glucose	Fasting serum glucose will be measured after overnight fast.	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Serum insulin	Fasting serum insulin will be measured after overnight fast.	Week 0 (baseline)
Serum insulin	Fasting serum insulin will be measured after overnight fast.	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test	Oral Glucose Tolerance Test will be carried out after overnight fast.	Week 0 (baseline)
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test	Oral Glucose Tolerance Test will be carried out after overnight fast.	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Lipid metabolism biomarkers	Serum free fatty acids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations will be measured after an overnight fast.	Week 0 (baseline)
Lipid metabolism biomarkers	Serum free fatty acids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations will be measured after an overnight fast.	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Ketone bodies	Ketone bodies concentrations will be measured after an overnight fast.	Week 0 (baseline)
Ketone bodies	Ketone bodies concentrations will be measured after an overnight fast.	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Thyroid function (body metabolism)	TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), T3 and T4 hormones will be evaluated with ELISA kits	Week 0 (baseline)
Thyroid function (body metabolism)	TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), T3 and T4 hormones will be evaluated with ELISA kits	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Cardiovascular risk biomarkers	PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), ADMA (asymmetric dimethylarginine) and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) will be measured in plasma using ELISA kits	Week 0 (baseline)
Cardiovascular risk biomarkers	PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), ADMA (asymmetric dimethylarginine) and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) will be measured in plasma using ELISA kits	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Inflammation biomarkers	TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-alpha), IL-6 (interleukin 6), C-reactive protein, serum A-amyloid, leptin, adiponectin, chemerin will be measured by ELISA kits	Week 0 (baseline)
Inflammation biomarkers	TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor-alpha), IL-6 (interleukin 6), C-reactive protein, serum A-amyloid, leptin, adiponectin, chemerin will be measured in plasma by ELISA kits	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Satiety and eating behavior traits	Satiety will be also estimated by using a VAS (visual analogue scale) questionnaire and eating behavior traits will be also evaluated with validated questionnaires	Week 0 (baseline)
Satiety and eating behavior traits	Satiety will be also estimated by using a VAS (visual analogue scale) questionnaire and eating behavior traits will be also evaluated with validated questionnaires	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Plasma adipokines and myo-kines	CT-1, irisin, FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21) and meteorin-like will be measured using ELISA kits	Week 0 (baseline)
Plasma adipokines and myo-kines	CT-1, irisin, FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21) and meteorin-like will be measured using ELISA kits	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Plasma lipids and bioactive lipid mediators	Lipidomic profile will be measured using targeted metabolomic-lipidomics by HPLC-MS (high pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry).	Week 0 (baseline)
Plasma lipids and bioactive lipid mediators	Lipidomic profile will be measured using targeted metabolomic-lipidomics by HPLC-MS (high pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry).	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Adipose tissue gene profiling	A biopsy (2 g) of subcutaneous abdominal periumbilical area adipose tissue will be obtained by liposuction under local anesthesia. RNA expression will be measured by RNA-seq or GeneChip Human Gene 2.1 ST Array (Affymetrix).	Week 0 (baseline)
Adipose tissue gene profiling	A biopsy (2 g) of subcutaneous abdominal periumbilical area adipose tissue will be obtained by liposuction under local anesthesia. RNA expression will be measured by RNA-seq or GeneChip Human Gene 2.1 ST Array (Affymetrix).	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Adipose tissue miRNA profiling	MiRNA expression will be measured by RNA-seq or GeneChip miRNA 4.0 Array (Affymetrix) in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsies.	Week 0 (baseline)
Adipose tissue miRNA profiling	MiRNA expression will be measured by RNA-seq or GeneChip miRNA 4.0 Array (Affymetrix) in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue biopsies.	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Bioactive lipid mediators involved in inflammation in adipose tissue	Lipidomic profile will be measured using targeted metabolomic-lipidomics by HPLC-MS	Week 0 (baseline)
Bioactive lipid mediators involved in inflammation in adipose tissue	Lipidomic profile will be measured using targeted metabolomic-lipidomics by HPLC-MS	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Determination of telomeres length	Telomeres length will be measured in genomic DNA extracted from human peripheral blood and adipose tissue samples with a real-time quantitative PCR (polymerase chain reaction) approach.	Week 0 (baseline)
Determination of telomeres length	Telomeres length will be measured in genomic DNA extracted from human peripheral blood and adipose tissue samples with a real-time quantitative PCR (polymerase chain reaction) approach.	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Characterization of gut microbiota	Feces will collected and gut microbiota profiling will be carried out by high-throughput 16S (Svedberg units) rDNA (ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid) amplicon sequencing approach.	Week 0 (baseline)
Characterization of gut microbiota	Feces will collected and gut microbiota profiling will be carried out by high-throughput 16S (Svedberg units) rDNA (ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid) amplicon sequencing approach.	Week 16 (end of intervention)
Urine metabolomic profile	Urine will be collected and urinary metabolomic profile will be also evaluated by a HPLC-MS approach.	Week 0 (baseline)
Urine metabolomic profile	Urine will be collected and urinary metabolomic profile will be also evaluated by a HPLC-MS approach.	Week 16 (end of intervention)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Universidad de Navarra
• Collaborators: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain; Centro de Estudios, Investigación y Medicina del Deporte; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Maria J Moreno-Aliaga, PhD, University of Navarra; Principal Investigator: Silvia Lorente-Cebrián, PhD, University of Navarra

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Martinez-Fernandez L, Gonzalez-Muniesa P, Laiglesia LM, Sainz N, Prieto-Hontoria PL, Escote X, Odriozola L, Corrales FJ, Arbones-Mainar JM, Martinez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Maresin 1 improves insulin sensitivity and attenuates adipose tissue inflammation in ob/ob and diet-induced obese mice. FASEB J. 2017 May;31(5):2135-2145. doi: 10.1096/fj.201600859R. Epub 2017 Feb 10.
• Lopez-Yoldi M, Stanhope KL, Garaulet M, Chen XG, Marcos-Gomez B, Carrasco-Benso MP, Santa Maria EM, Escote X, Lee V, Nunez MV, Medici V, Martinez-Anso E, Sainz N, Huerta AE, Laiglesia LM, Prieto J, Martinez JA, Bustos M, Havel PJ, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Role of cardiotrophin-1 in the regulation of metabolic circadian rhythms and adipose core clock genes in mice and characterization of 24-h circulating CT-1 profiles in normal-weight and overweight/obese subjects. FASEB J. 2017 Apr;31(4):1639-1649. doi: 10.1096/fj.201600396RR. Epub 2017 Jan 17.
• Laiglesia LM, Lorente-Cebrian S, Prieto-Hontoria PL, Fernandez-Galilea M, Ribeiro SM, Sainz N, Martinez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Eicosapentaenoic acid promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and beige-like features in subcutaneous adipocytes from overweight subjects. J Nutr Biochem. 2016 Nov;37:76-82. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.07.019. Epub 2016 Aug 26.
• Huerta AE, Prieto-Hontoria PL, Fernandez-Galilea M, Escote X, Martinez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Effects of dietary supplementation with EPA and/or alpha-lipoic acid on adipose tissue transcriptomic profile of healthy overweight/obese women following a hypocaloric diet. Biofactors. 2017 Jan 2;43(1):117-131. doi: 10.1002/biof.1317. Epub 2016 Aug 10.
• Huerta AE, Prieto-Hontoria PL, Sainz N, Martinez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Supplementation with alpha-Lipoic Acid Alone or in Combination with Eicosapentaenoic Acid Modulates the Inflammatory Status of Healthy Overweight or Obese Women Consuming an Energy-Restricted Diet. J Nutr. 2015 Apr 1;146(4):889S-896S. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.224105.
• Milagro FI, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Martinez JA. FTO Obesity Variant and Adipocyte Browning in Humans. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jan 14;374(2):190-1. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1513316. No abstract available.
• Prieto-Hontoria PL, Perez-Matute P, Fernandez-Galilea M, Lopez-Yoldi M, Sinal CJ, Martinez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Effects of alpha-lipoic acid on chemerin secretion in 3T3-L1 and human adipocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016 Mar;1861(3):260-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.12.011. Epub 2015 Dec 22.
• Martinez-Fernandez L, Laiglesia LM, Huerta AE, Martinez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Omega-3 fatty acids and adipose tissue function in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2015 Sep;121(Pt A):24-41. doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.07.003. Epub 2015 Jul 26.
• Mansego ML, Milagro FI, Zulet MA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Martinez JA. Differential DNA Methylation in Relation to Age and Health Risks of Obesity. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Jul 24;16(8):16816-32. doi: 10.3390/ijms160816816.
• Huerta AE, Prieto-Hontoria PL, Fernandez-Galilea M, Sainz N, Cuervo M, Martinez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Circulating irisin and glucose metabolism in overweight/obese women: effects of alpha-lipoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. J Physiol Biochem. 2015 Sep;71(3):547-58. doi: 10.1007/s13105-015-0400-5. Epub 2015 Mar 28.
• Lorente-Cebrian S, Costa AG, Navas-Carretero S, Zabala M, Laiglesia LM, Martinez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. An update on the role of omega-3 fatty acids on inflammatory and degenerative diseases. J Physiol Biochem. 2015 Jun;71(2):341-9. doi: 10.1007/s13105-015-0395-y. Epub 2015 Mar 11.
• Huerta AE, Navas-Carretero S, Prieto-Hontoria PL, Martinez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Effects of alpha-lipoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in overweight and obese women during weight loss. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2015 Feb;23(2):313-21. doi: 10.1002/oby.20966. Epub 2014 Dec 31.
• Gonzalez-Muniesa P, Marrades MP, Martinez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Differential proinflammatory and oxidative stress response and vulnerability to metabolic syndrome in habitual high-fat young male consumers putatively predisposed by their genetic background. Int J Mol Sci. 2013 Aug 22;14(9):17238-55. doi: 10.3390/ijms140917238.
• Lorente-Cebrian S, Costa AG, Navas-Carretero S, Zabala M, Martinez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Role of omega-3 fatty acids in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases: a review of the evidence. J Physiol Biochem. 2013 Sep;69(3):633-51. doi: 10.1007/s13105-013-0265-4. Epub 2013 Jun 22.
• Lorente-Cebrian S, Bustos M, Marti A, Fernandez-Galilea M, Martinez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits tumour necrosis factor-alpha-induced lipolysis in murine cultured adipocytes. J Nutr Biochem. 2012 Mar;23(3):218-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.11.018. Epub 2011 Apr 14.
• Marrades MP, Gonzalez-Muniesa P, Martinez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. A dysregulation in CES1, APOE and other lipid metabolism-related genes is associated to cardiovascular risk factors linked to obesity. Obes Facts. 2010 Oct;3(5):312-8. doi: 10.1159/000321451. Epub 2010 Oct 15.
• Marrades MP, Gonzalez-Muniesa P, Arteta D, Martinez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Orchestrated downregulation of genes involved in oxidative metabolic pathways in obese vs. lean high-fat young male consumers. J Physiol Biochem. 2011 Mar;67(1):15-26. doi: 10.1007/s13105-010-0044-4. Epub 2010 Sep 30.
• Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Lorente-Cebrian S, Martinez JA. Regulation of adipokine secretion by n-3 fatty acids. Proc Nutr Soc. 2010 Aug;69(3):324-32. doi: 10.1017/S0029665110001801. Epub 2010 Jun 14.
• Lorente-Cebrian S, Bustos M, Marti A, Martinez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Eicosapentaenoic acid up-regulates apelin secretion and gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2010 May;54 Suppl 1:S104-11. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200900522.
• Lorente-Cebrian S, Bustos M, Marti A, Martinez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Eicosapentaenoic acid stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase and increases visfatin secretion in cultured murine adipocytes. Clin Sci (Lond). 2009 Aug 14;117(6):243-9. doi: 10.1042/CS20090020.
• Perez-Echarri N, Perez-Matute P, Marcos-Gomez B, Marti A, Martinez JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Down-regulation in muscle and liver lipogenic genes: EPA ethyl ester treatment in lean and overweight (high-fat-fed) rats. J Nutr Biochem. 2009 Sep;20(9):705-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.06.013. Epub 2008 Sep 30.

Helpful Links

• Centre for Nutrition Research. University of Navarra

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): August 21, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 13, 2019
• Study Completion (Actual): June 13, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 7, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 2, 2017
• First Posted (Actual): October 3, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 30, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 26, 2020
• Last Verified: March 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Exercise; Insulin resistance; Omega-3 fatty acids; Adipose tissue
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Overnutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Overweight; Body Weight; Obesity; Inflammation
• Other Study ID Numbers: OBELEX

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No