The Effects of a Jump Rope Exercise Program on Vascular Health, Inflammatory Markers in Prehypertensive Adolescent Girls

The Effects of a 12-Week Jump Rope Exercise Training Program on Arterial Stiffness, Vasodilating and Vasoconstricting Factors, Inflammatory Markers, and Body Composition in Prehypertensive Adolescent Girls

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a 12-week jump rope exercise program on blood pressure, arterial stiffness, vasodilating and vasoconstricting factors, inflammatory markers, and body composition in prehypertensive adolescent girls. Forty prehypertensive adolescent girls participated in this study. The girls were randomly divided into the jump rope exercise intervention group (EX, n=20) and control group (CON, n=20). The EX group performed a jump rope training program at 40-70% of their heart rate reserve (HRR) 5 days/week for 12 weeks (sessions 50 minutes in duration). The CON group did not participate in any structured or unstructured exercise protocol. Blood pressure, arterial stiffness, plasma nitrate/nitrite levels, endothelin-1, C-reactive protein, and body composition were measured before and after the 12-weeks study.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Prehypertension; Blood Pressure; Adiposity; Abdominal Obesity
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Jump rope exercise intervention

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 40
• Phase: Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 14 years to 16 years (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• prehypertensive
• sedentary (no regular exercise training or physical activity within the last year)
• no weight loss diet during the last six months

Exclusion Criteria:

• pregnancy
• chronic disease
• daily medication use (including antioxidants and weight loss supplements)

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: Control group; No exercise intervention
Experimental: Jump rope exercise intervention; The jump rope exercise program was performed for 50 minutes with 5 minutes of warm-up and cool-down per day, 5 times a week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of various main jump rope exercises (1 line 2 jump, jumping feet together, running jumping, open side jump, open back and forth jump, rock paper scissor jump). The warm-up and cool down consisted of static stretching, walking, and jogging. Intensity of exercise was gradually increased from 40-50% heart rate reserve (HRR) in weeks 1-4 and to 60-70% HRR in weeks 9-12. Each training session was supervised by the researchers. Every subject wore a heart rate monitor during the whole training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity.	Other: Jump rope exercise intervention; 12-week jump rope exercise program

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Diastolic Blood Pressure		12 weeks
Arterial Stiffness	Arterial stiffness was measured as measurement of brachial to ankle pulse-wave velocity. This indicates peripheral arterial stiffness, as it measures how quickly a pulse wave propagates from one point to another.	12 weeks
Endothelin-1	Levels of Endothelin-1 in blood were measured by Endothelin-1 enzyme immunoassay kit.	12 weeks
Body Mass	Body mass was measured to nearest 0.1 kg.	12 weeks
Height	Height was measured to nearest 1 cm.	12 weeks
Waist Circumference	Waist circumference was measured at midpoint between the lower rib and the iliac crest at the end of a normal expiration using a tape measure.	12 weeks
Body Fat	Percent body fat (%) was determined using a bioelectrical impedance-meter.	12 weeks
Lean Body Mass	Lean body mass (kg) was determined using a bioelectrical impedance-meter.	12 weeks
Nitrate/Nitrite Levels	Nitrate and nitrite levels were assayed using a Griess assay kit.	12 weeks
C-reactive Protein	C-reactive protein was assessed using an enzyme immunoassay assay kit	12 weeks
Systolic Blood Pressure	Blood pressure was measured in duplicate using an automated sphygmomanometer. The average of the two was recorded as the resting blood pressure.	12 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Pusan National University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): June 5, 2011
• Primary Completion (Actual): February 10, 2012
• Study Completion (Actual): March 21, 2012

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 11, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 11, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): May 23, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 29, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 27, 2020
• Last Verified: October 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: exercise; adiposity; arterial stiffness; endothelin-1; c-reactive protein; jump rope
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Overnutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Overweight; Body Weight; Obesity; Prehypertension; Obesity, Abdominal
• Other Study ID Numbers: PusanNU1

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No