Effects Of Ingesting An Energy Bar On Performance And Recovery (NB18)

Effects Of Ingesting A Low Glycemic Whey Protein Energy Bar Prior, During And Following Resistance Exercise And Conditioning On Performance And Recovery

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of ingesting a low glycemic whey protein energy bar prior, during and following resistance exercise and conditioning on performance and recovery.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Healthy
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Placebo; Dietary supplement: Commercially Available Food Bar

Detailed Description

Fit-joy is a commercially available food bar marketed as having a low glycemic index and being relatively high in dietary fiber. The fiber contained within this product is isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO) which is a food ingredient with a relative sweetness level equal to approximately 60% of sucrose. Chemically, IMO is a mixture of glucose oligomers with alpha - (1-6) - linkages. Short and hard exercise produces muscle damage and soreness. The Fit-joy bar contains whey protein that previous research in the investigator's lab showed may be able to decrease the muscle damaging effects of exercise while also helping with muscle growth. The purpose of this study will be to determine if eating a Fit-joy bar before and in the middle of a hard weight training workout will promote positive results during the workout and 48 hours after the workout.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 20
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Texas
    • College Station, Texas, United States, 77845
      • Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab - Human Clinical Research Facility

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 35 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participant is between the ages of 18 and 35
• Participant is apparently healthy
• Participant is involved in a a consistent strength and conditioning program consisting of upper and lower body resistance exercises as well as cardiovascular or sprint conditioning training (for at least the past year for 2-4 days/week), bench press at least your body weight and squat at least 1.5 times your body weight and/or leg press twice your body weight.
• Participant has a Body Mass Index (BMI) < 24.9 or Body Fat Percentage (%BF) < 25.0

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participant has a history of treatment for metabolic disease (i.e., diabetes), hypertension, hypo-tension, thyroid disease, arrhythmia, cardiovascular disease
• Participant has a food allergy (i.e., milk, soy, egg, wheat or nuts)
• Participant uses current prescription medication (birth control is allowed)
• Participant is pregnant or nursing or plans to become pregnant during the next month
• Participant has an intolerance to caffeine and/or other natural stimulants
• Participant has a history of smoking
• Participant drinks excessively (i.e., 12 drinks per week or more)

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Commercially Available Food Bar; 62 g. Food Bar	Dietary supplement: Commercially Available Food Bar; Active; Other Names: Food Bar
Placebo Comparator: Placebo; 25 g. Dextrose	Dietary supplement: Placebo; Placebo; Other Names: Dextrose Placebo

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Glucose Homeostasis: Glucose	Changes in serum blood glucose (mmol/L) obtained from venous blood draws and analyzed General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Glucose Homeostasis: Insulin	Changes in serum insulin (µIU/mL) obtained from venous blood draws and analyzed General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Glucose Homeostasis: Insulin to Glucose Ratio	Changes the insulin to glucose ratio obtained from venous blood draws and analyzed General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Exercise Glucose Response	Changes in arterialized-venous blood glucose (mmol/L) obtained from a dry finger and analyzed by General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean change from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured at baseline (0-min); 30-min post ingestion of supplement, midway (60-min) and following (90-min) resistance exercise, following sprint condition exercises (110-min), and following post-exercise assessments (130-min) during each treatment.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Subjective rating of hypoglycemia	A subjective Likert scale that asked participants to rank the frequency and severity of their symptoms of hypoglycemia using the following scale: 0 (none), 1-4 (light), 5-6 (mild), 7-9 (severe), or 10 (very severe). Data will be assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Subjective rating of dizziness	A subjective Likert scale that asked participants to rank the frequency and severity of their symptoms of dizziness using the following scale: 0 (none), 1-4 (light), 5-6 (mild), 7-9 (severe), or 10 (very severe). Data will be assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Subjective rating of headaches	A subjective Likert scale that asked participants to rank the frequency and severity of their symptoms of headache using the following scale: 0 (none), 1-4 (light), 5-6 (mild), 7-9 (severe), or 10 (very severe). Data will be assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Subjective rating of fatigue	A subjective Likert scale that asked participants to rank the frequency and severity of their perceptions of fatigue using the following scale: 0 (none), 1-4 (light), 5-6 (mild), 7-9 (severe), or 10 (very severe). Data will be assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Subjective rating of stomach upset	A subjective Likert scale that asked participants to rank the frequency and severity of their symptoms of stomach upset using the following scale: 0 (none), 1-4 (light), 5-6 (mild), 7-9 (severe), or 10 (very severe). Data will be assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Subjective rating of readiness to perform	A subjective Likert scale assessing readiness to perform on a visual analog scale (VAS) measured prior to supplementation, following exercise, and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise. The scale ranges from "1" - strongly disagree they are ready to perform to "5" - they strongly agree they are ready to perform. Data will be assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Subjective rating of pain	A subjective Likert scale that assessed perceptions of pain in response the application of a standard amount of pressure applied using an algometer and measured prior to supplementation, following exercise, and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise. The scale was a straight horizontal-line with no hash-markings only wording beneath the line, which read from left-to-right "no pain, dull ache, slight pain, more slight pain, painful, very painful, and unbearable pain". Participants were instructed to scribe one clear mark bisecting the line which represented their pain level the best for each of the three pressure application sites. A ruler was used to measure the participant's mark from the left-to-right in cm and was recorded in the data as such numerical value. Data will be assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Agility Performance Time	Time in seconds to perform 3 sprints around 4 cones for the Nebraska Agility Drill (NAD) with 30-seconds recovery. The tests were performed after completing the resistance exercise once during each treatment. Individual and cumulative performance times were assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing 60-min of resistance exercise during each treatment.
Sprint Performance Times	Measured as the time (in seconds) it takes to sprint three 40-yard dashes with 30-seconds recovery. The tests were performed after completing the resistance exercise once during each treatment. Individual and cumulative performance times will be assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing 60-min of resistance exercise during each treatment.
Maximal voluntary muscle contraction (MVC) leg extension torque	Measured using a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer and expressed in Newton meters assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation, following 30-min rest and 80-min of exercise, and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise during each treatment.
Maximal voluntary muscle contraction (MVC) leg extension force	Measured using a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer and expressed in Newtons assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation, following 30-min rest and 80-min of exercise, and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise during each treatment.
Maximal voluntary muscle contraction (MVC) leg extension power	Measured using a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer and expressed in Watts assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation, following 30-min rest and 80-min of exercise, and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise during each treatment.
Maximal voluntary muscle contraction (MVC) leg extension work	Measured using a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer and expressed in Joules assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation, following 30-min rest and 80-min of exercise, and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise during each treatment.
Maximal voluntary muscle contraction (MVC) leg flexion torque	Measured using a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer and expressed in Newton Meters assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation, following 30-min rest and 80-min of exercise, and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise during each treatment.
Maximal voluntary muscle contraction (MVC) leg flexion force	Measured using a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer and expressed in Newtons assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation, following 30-min rest and 80-min of exercise, and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise during each treatment.
Maximal voluntary muscle contraction (MVC) leg flexion power	Measured using a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer and expressed in Watts assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation, following 30-min rest and 80-min of exercise, and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise during each treatment.
Maximal voluntary muscle contraction (MVC) leg flexion work	Measured using a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer and expressed in Joules assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation, following 30-min rest and 80-min of exercise, and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise during each treatment.
Markers of Catabolism: Blood Urea Nitrogen	Changes in serum blood urea nitrogen in mmol/L (BUN) obtained from venous blood draws and assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Markers of Catabolism: Creatinine	Changes in serum blood creatinine (umol/L) obtained from venous blood draws and assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Markers of Catabolism: Lactate Dehydrogenase	Changes in serum blood LDH (IUl/L) obtained from venous blood draws and assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Markers of Catabolism: Creatine Kinase	Changes in serum blood CK (IUl/L) obtained from venous blood draws and assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Markers of Catabolism: BUN/Creatinine Ratio	Changes in serum blood BUN/creatinine ratio obtained from venous blood draws and assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Stress and Sex Hormones: Cortisol	Changes in serum blood cortisol (ug/dL) obtained from venous blood draws and assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Stress and Sex Hormones: Testosterone	Changes in serum blood testosterone (ng/mL) obtained from venous blood draws and assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Stress and Sex Hormones: Cortisol to Testosterone Ratio	Changes in the ratio of cortisol to testosterone obtained from venous blood draws and assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Markers of Inflammation: Interferon Gama (IFNy)	Changes in serum blood IFNy (pg/mL) obtained from venous blood draws and assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Markers of Inflammation: Interleukin-13 (IL-13)	Changes in serum blood IL-13 (pg/mL) obtained from venous blood draws and assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Markers of Inflammation: Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß)	Changes in serum blood IL-1ß (pg/mL) obtained from venous blood draws and assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Markers of Inflammation: Interleukin-4 beta (IL-4)	Changes in serum blood IL-4 (pg/mL) obtained from venous blood draws and assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Markers of Inflammation: Interleukin-6 beta (IL-6)	Changes in serum blood IL-6 (pg/mL) obtained from venous blood draws and assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Markers of Inflammation: Interleukin-8 beta (IL-8)	Changes in serum blood IL-8 (pg/mL) obtained from venous blood draws and assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.
Markers of Inflammation: Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα)	Changes in serum blood TNFα (pg/mL) obtained from venous blood draws and assessed via General Linear Model multivariate and univariate analyses with repeated measures and mean changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CI's).	Measured prior to supplementation (Pre), 30-min after ingestion of supplement and after performing the 80-min exercise bout (Post-Exercise), and after 48 hours of recovery from exercise bout (Recovery) during each treatment.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Texas A&M University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Richard B Kreider, PhD, Texas A&M University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Grubic TJ, Sowinski RJ, Nevares BE, Jenkins VM, Williamson SL, Reyes AG, Rasmussen C, Greenwood M, Murano PS, Earnest CP, Kreider RB. Comparison of ingesting a food bar containing whey protein and isomalto-oligosaccharides to carbohydrate on performance and recovery from an acute bout of resistance-exercise and sprint conditioning: an open label, randomized, counterbalanced, crossover pilot study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2019 Aug 13;16(1):34. doi: 10.1186/s12970-019-0301-z.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): December 13, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 1, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): June 1, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 12, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 9, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): October 12, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 12, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 9, 2018
• Last Verified: September 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: IRB2017-0602F

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No