Growth Mindset Psychoeducation for Modifiable Risk Factors for CMD

The Effect of Growth Mindset Psychoeducation on Modifiable Risk Factors for Common Mental Disorders

The present study aims to determine the effect of presenting psychoeducation emphasizing "growth-mindset," and information on modifiable risk factors (e.g., social contact, physical activity) on engagement with modifiable risk factors. The investigators hypothesize that psychoeducation emphasizing that mental health is malleable will increase the participant's engagement with risk factors outlined in the intervention.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Depression, Anxiety
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Growth mindset; Behavioral: Modifiable risk factor (MRF) information; Behavioral: Control

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 162
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Nevada
    • Reno, Nevada, United States, 89557
      • University of Nevada, Reno

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• College freshmen

Exclusion Criteria:

• Not fluent in English

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Factorial Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Growth mindset + MRF Information; Online growth mindset interactive article followed by equal length interactive article describing the relationship between modifiable risk factors (MRF) and mental health outcomes	Behavioral: Growth mindset; 10 minute interactive article describing neuroplasticity; Behavioral: Modifiable risk factor (MRF) information; 10 minute interactive article describing modifiable risk factors for depression and anxiety
Experimental: Control + MRF information; Online daily activity scheduling interactive article (control) followed by equal length interactive article describing the relationship between modifiable risk factors and mental health outcomes	Behavioral: Modifiable risk factor (MRF) information; 10 minute interactive article describing modifiable risk factors for depression and anxiety; Behavioral: Control; 10 minute interactive article describing activity scheduling
Experimental: Control + Growth mindset; Online growth mindset interactive article followed by equal length online daily activity scheduling interactive article (control)	Behavioral: Growth mindset; 10 minute interactive article describing neuroplasticity; Behavioral: Control; 10 minute interactive article describing activity scheduling
Placebo Comparator: Control + Control; 2 doses online daily activity scheduling interactive article (control)	Behavioral: Control; 10 minute interactive article describing activity scheduling

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9; Kroenke, Spitzer & Williams, 2001)	9-item questionnaire associated containing one item for each symptom of MDD as specified by the DSM. Items consist of a 4-point Likert scale (0="Not at all" to 3="Nearly every day"). Minimum score is 0, maximum score is 27. Higher scores indicate greater depression severity.	3 months
Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7; Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams & Lowe, 2006)	7-item scale, common, brief measure of anxiety symptom severity. Items consist of a 4-point Likert scale (0="Not at all" to 3="Nearly every day"). Minimum score is 0, maximum score is 21. Higher scores indicate greater anxiety symptom severity.	3 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Cognitive and Behavioral Avoidance Scale (CBAS, Ottenbreit & Dobson, 2003)	The scale contains 31 items assessing cognitive avoidance and behavioral avoidance of social and non-social avoidance. The scale uses a 5-item Likert scale (1="Not at all true for me" to 5="Extremely true for me"). Total scale range from 0-155. The behavioral social factor contains 8 items. Items are summed. Minimum score is 8, maximum score is 40. The cognitive nonsocial scale contains 10 items. Minimum score is 10. Maximum score is 50. The cognitive social subscale consists of 7 items. Minimum score is 7, maximum score is 35. The behavioral nonsocial subscale consists of 6 items. Minimum score is 6, maximum score is 30. Higher scores indicate higher levels of avoidance.	3 months
Substance Use Measure (Lee et al., 2015)	3-item substance use measure including frequency of alcohol use, cigarette use and drug use. Items are measured using a five-point Likert scale (1="never or not at all" to 5="almost always"). The scale is scored by summing items. Minimum score is 3, maximum score is 15. Higher scores indicate more frequent substance use.	3 months
Positive Reframing; Brief COPE (B-COPE; Carver, 1997)	28-item scale assessing various dimensions of healthy and unhealthy coping. This include 14 subscales: self-distraction, active coping, denial, substance use, use of emotional support, use of instrumental support, behavioral disengagement, venting, positive reframing, planning, humor, acceptance, religion, and self-blame. Each subscale consists of two items. Subscales are scored by summing items. Scale consists of 4-item Likert scale (1="I haven't been doing this at all" to 4 "I've been doing this a lot"). Minimum score is 2, maximum score is 8 on each subscale. Higher scores indicate greater use of coping strategy. Positive reframing subscale was used.	3 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Nevada, Reno
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Anthony Papa, PhD, University of Nevada, Reno

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x.
• Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Lowe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006 May 22;166(10):1092-7. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092.
• Carver CS. You want to measure coping but your protocol's too long: consider the brief COPE. Int J Behav Med. 1997;4(1):92-100. doi: 10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6.
• Ottenbreit ND, Dobson KS. Avoidance and depression: the construction of the cognitive-behavioral avoidance scale. Behav Res Ther. 2004 Mar;42(3):293-313. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00140-2.
• Lee JP, Lee RM, Hu AW, Kim OM. Ethnic Identity as a Moderator against Discrimination for Transracially and Transnationally Adopted Korean American Adolescents. Asian Am J Psychol. 2015 Jun;6(2):154-163. doi: 10.1037/a0038360.
• Zazpe I, Bes-Rastrollo M, Ruiz-Canela M, Sanchez-Villegas A, Serrano-Martinez M, Martinez-Gonzalez MA. A brief assessment of eating habits and weight gain in a Mediterranean cohort. Br J Nutr. 2011 Mar;105(5):765-75. doi: 10.1017/S0007114510004149. Epub 2010 Dec 8.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): June 19, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 21, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): December 21, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 9, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 14, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): October 16, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 12, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 2, 2019
• Last Verified: July 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Behavioral Symptoms; Depression
• Other Study ID Numbers: Psychoeducation for CMD

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No