Spinal Cord Stimulation and Physiotherapy for Treatment of Neuropathic Pain (SCS-PHYSIO)

Treatment of Neuropathic Pain With Spinal Cord Stimulation and Physiotherapy for More Effective Pain Relief, Increased Physical Activity and Improved Health Related Quality of Life

The study evaluates the combined effect of optimized pharmacological treatment, spinal cord stimulation and physiotherapy on pain relief, health-related quality of life and physical function in patients with neuropathic pain. All patients will receive optimized pharmacological treatment before start of spinal cord stimulation treatment. Half of the participants will be randomized to physiotherapy before start of spinal cord stimulation treatment while the other half will start physiotherapy after spinal cord stimulation treatment.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Neuropathic Pain
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS); Other: Physiotherapy

Detailed Description

Previous studies have indicated that almost half of the patients with moderate-severe pain receive inadequate pain relief. Neuropathic pain is a common pain condition, affecting 1.5-8% of the population. Conventional pharmacological treatment reduces pain but is often insufficient. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is associated with improved pain relief and health-related quality of life compared to conventional medical management. Despite SCS treatment, only half of the patients report >50% pain relief. Other studies have indicated that active, specific physiotherapy led by professionals reduces pain in chronic pain conditions. The aim of the study is to access the combined effect of optimized pharmacological treatment, SCS and physiotherapy on pain relief, health-related quality of life and physical function in patients with neuropathic pain. Furthermore, the study evaluates when it is most effective to start the physiotherapy.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 48
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Sweden
  • Göteborg, Sweden, 416 50
    • Pain center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 99 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Neuropathic pain > 6 months
• Pain intensity ≥ 5 according to NRS (for neuropathic pain component to be treated with SCS)
• Known cause of the pain
• Neuroanatomical correlation to the pain
• ≥50% of the painful area is to be treated with SCS
• The patient has a physical and psychological health status that allows the patient to participate in physiotherapy and undergo SCS implantation.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Not able to undergo SCS implantation
• Inadequate knowledge of the Swedish language
• Alcohol or substance abuse
• Severe untreated psychiatric disorders including psychiatric disease and/or psychological conditions which are the primary determinant to the patient's pain condition
• Incapacitating pain conditions of other causes than neuropathic pain
• Pregnancy
• Insufficient compliance
• Malignant disease with short expected survival

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS); Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS); Pharmacological analgetic treatment and treatment with SCS for 3 months; Add-on physiotherapy for 6 months to SCS and pharmacological analgetic treatment; Pharmacological analgetic treatment, SCS treatment and add-on self management physical activity for 12 months	Device: Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS); SCS for treatment of neuropathic pain; Other: Physiotherapy; Physiotherapy 2 hours/week with physiotherapist and physical activity counseling for treatment of neuropathic pain
Active Comparator: Physiotherapy; Physiotherapy; Pharmacological analgetic treatment for 3 months; Physiotherapy for 3 months and pharmacological analgetic treatment; Add-on SCS in combination with physiotherapy and pharmacological analgetic treatment for 3 months; Pharmacological analgetic treatment, SCS treatment and add-on self management physical activity for 12 months	Device: Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS); SCS for treatment of neuropathic pain; Other: Physiotherapy; Physiotherapy 2 hours/week with physiotherapist and physical activity counseling for treatment of neuropathic pain

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Pain intensity according to numeric rating scale (NRS)	Number of patients who report ≥50% pain reduction (pain intensity) according to numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "no pain" and 10 as "worst pain imaginable") with regard to neuropathic pain.	3 months after implantation

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Pain intensity according to NRS	Number of patients who report ≥50% pain reduction (pain intensity) according to numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "no pain" and 10 as "worst pain imaginable") with regard to neuropathic pain.	9 months after implantation
Pain intensity according to NRS	Number of patients who report ≥50% pain reduction (pain intensity) according to numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "no pain" and 10 as "worst pain imaginable") with regard to neuropathic pain.	6 months after implantation
Pain intensity according to NRS	Number of patients who report ≥50% pain reduction (pain intensity) according to numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "no pain" and 10 as "worst pain imaginable") with regard to neuropathic pain.	12 months after implantation
Pain intensity according to NRS	Number of patients who report ≥50% pain reduction (pain intensity) according to numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "no pain" and 10 as "worst pain imaginable") with regard to neuropathic pain.	15 months after implantation
Pain intensity according to NRS	Number of patients who report ≥50% pain reduction (pain intensity) according to numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "no pain" and 10 as "worst pain imaginable") with regard to neuropathic pain.	21 months after implantation
Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) according to SF36	Assessed with RAND Short Form 36 (SF36). The 36 items in the questionnaire are grouped into eight subscale scores: physical functioning, role limitations caused by physical problems, bodily pain, general health, energy/vitality, social functioning, role limitations caused by emotional problems and mental health. The subscale scores range from 0-100, the higher score, the better health related quality of life.	3 months after implantation
Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) according to SF36	Assessed with RAND Short Form 36 (SF36). The 36 items in the questionnaire are grouped into eight subscale scores: physical functioning, role limitations caused by physical problems, bodily pain, general health, energy/vitality, social functioning, role limitations caused by emotional problems and mental health. The subscale scores range from 0-100, the higher score, the better health related quality of life.	6 months after implantation
Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) according to SF36	Assessed with RAND Short Form 36 (SF36). The 36 items in the questionnaire are grouped into eight subscale scores: physical functioning, role limitations caused by physical problems, bodily pain, general health, energy/vitality, social functioning, role limitations caused by emotional problems and mental health. The subscale scores range from 0-100, the higher score, the better health related quality of life.	9 months after implantation
Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) according to SF36	Assessed with RAND Short Form 36 (SF36). The 36 items in the questionnaire are grouped into eight subscale scores: physical functioning, role limitations caused by physical problems, bodily pain, general health, energy/vitality, social functioning, role limitations caused by emotional problems and mental health. The subscale scores range from 0-100, the higher score, the better health related quality of life.	12 months after implantation
Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) according to SF36	Assessed with RAND Short Form 36 (SF36). The 36 items in the questionnaire are grouped into eight subscale scores: physical functioning, role limitations caused by physical problems, bodily pain, general health, energy/vitality, social functioning, role limitations caused by emotional problems and mental health. The subscale scores range from 0-100, the higher score, the better health related quality of life.	15 months after implantation
Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) according to SF36	Assessed with RAND Short Form 36 (SF36). The 36 items in the questionnaire are grouped into eight subscale scores: physical functioning, role limitations caused by physical problems, bodily pain, general health, energy/vitality, social functioning, role limitations caused by emotional problems and mental health. The subscale scores range from 0-100, the higher score, the better health related quality of life.	21 months after implantation
Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) assessed with EQ-5D	Assessed with EQ-5D-5L. The questionnaire comprises five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. This decision results in a 1-digit number that expresses the level selected for that dimension. The digits for the five dimensions can be combined into a 5-digit number that describes the patient's health state. The EQ VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement.	3 months after implantation
Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) assessed with EQ-5D	Assessed with EQ-5D-5L. The questionnaire comprises five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. This decision results in a 1-digit number that expresses the level selected for that dimension. The digits for the five dimensions can be combined into a 5-digit number that describes the patient's health state. The EQ VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement.	6 months after implantation
Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) assessed with EQ-5D	Assessed with EQ-5D-5L. The questionnaire comprises five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. This decision results in a 1-digit number that expresses the level selected for that dimension. The digits for the five dimensions can be combined into a 5-digit number that describes the patient's health state. The EQ VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement.	9 months after implantation
Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) assessed with EQ-5D	Assessed with EQ-5D-5L. The questionnaire comprises five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. This decision results in a 1-digit number that expresses the level selected for that dimension. The digits for the five dimensions can be combined into a 5-digit number that describes the patient's health state. The EQ VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement.	12 months after implantation
Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) assessed with EQ-5D	Assessed with EQ-5D-5L. The questionnaire comprises five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. This decision results in a 1-digit number that expresses the level selected for that dimension. The digits for the five dimensions can be combined into a 5-digit number that describes the patient's health state. The EQ VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement.	15 months after implantation
Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) assessed with EQ-5D	Assessed with EQ-5D-5L. The questionnaire comprises five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 5 levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. The patient is asked to indicate his/her health state by ticking the box next to the most appropriate statement in each of the five dimensions. This decision results in a 1-digit number that expresses the level selected for that dimension. The digits for the five dimensions can be combined into a 5-digit number that describes the patient's health state. The EQ VAS records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' and 'The worst health you can imagine'. The VAS can be used as a quantitative measure of health outcome that reflect the patient's own judgement.	21 months after implantation
Physical activity	Assessed with accelerometer	3 months
Physical activity	Assessed with accelerometer	6 months
Physical activity	Assessed with accelerometer	9 months
Physical activity	Assessed with accelerometer	12 months
Physical activity	Assessed with accelerometer	15 months
Physical activity	Assessed with accelerometer	21 months
Return to work	Number of patients who return to work part time or full time.	9 months
Return to work	Number of patients who return to work part time or full time.	21 months
Days of sick-leave	Number of days of sick-leave	9 months
Days of sick-leave	Number of days of sick-leave	21 months
Medicine consumption	Number of pills and dosage.	9 months
Medicine consumption	Number of pills and dosage.	21 months
Number of hospital and primary care visits	Number of hospital and primary care visits	9 months
Number of hospital and primary care visits	Number of hospital and primary care visits	21 months
Patient treatment satisfaction according to NRS	Self-reported treatment satisfaction with regard to pain relief, how acceptable the patient finds the treatment and hospital care. Numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not satisfied at all" and 10 as "very satisfied") and numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not acceptable at all" and 10 as "very acceptable").	3 months after implantation
Patient treatment satisfaction according to NRS	Self-reported treatment satisfaction with regard to pain relief, how acceptable the patient finds the treatment and hospital care. Numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not satisfied at all" and 10 as "very satisfied") and numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not acceptable at all" and 10 as "very acceptable").	6 months after implantation
Patient treatment satisfaction according to NRS	Self-reported treatment satisfaction with regard to pain relief, how acceptable the patient finds the treatment and hospital care. Numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not satisfied at all" and 10 as "very satisfied") and numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not acceptable at all" and 10 as "very acceptable").	9 months after implantation
Patient treatment satisfaction according to NRS	Self-reported treatment satisfaction with regard to pain relief, how acceptable the patient finds the treatment and hospital care. Numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not satisfied at all" and 10 as "very satisfied") and numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not acceptable at all" and 10 as "very acceptable").	12 months after implantation
Patient treatment satisfaction according to NRS	Self-reported treatment satisfaction with regard to pain relief, how acceptable the patient finds the treatment and hospital care. Numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not satisfied at all" and 10 as "very satisfied") and numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not acceptable at all" and 10 as "very acceptable").	15 months after implantation
Patient treatment satisfaction according to NRS	Self-reported treatment satisfaction with regard to pain relief, how acceptable the patient finds the treatment and hospital care. Numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not satisfied at all" and 10 as "very satisfied") and numeric rating scale (score from 0 to 10, where 0 is described as "not acceptable at all" and 10 as "very acceptable").	21 months after implantation

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Anxiety, depression	Assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. The scale consists of 14 items on a four-point response scale ranging from 0-3. Seven items for depression and 7 items for anxiety with a score range from 0-21. For each factor (anxiety or depression), the results are interpreted as follows: < 8 points indicates within normal range, 8-10 points indicates possible and >10 points indicates probable anxiety or depression.	3 months after implantation
Anxiety, depression	Assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. The scale consists of 14 items on a four-point response scale ranging from 0-3. Seven items for depression and 7 items for anxiety with a score range from 0-21. For each factor (anxiety or depression), the results are interpreted as follows: < 8 points indicates within normal range, 8-10 points indicates possible and >10 points indicates probable anxiety or depression.	6 months after implantation
Anxiety, depression	Assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. The scale consists of 14 items on a four-point response scale ranging from 0-3. Seven items for depression and 7 items for anxiety with a score range from 0-21. For each factor (anxiety or depression), the results are interpreted as follows: < 8 points indicates within normal range, 8-10 points indicates possible and >10 points indicates probable anxiety or depression.	9 months after implantation
Anxiety, depression	Assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. The scale consists of 14 items on a four-point response scale ranging from 0-3. Seven items for depression and 7 items for anxiety with a score range from 0-21. For each factor (anxiety or depression), the results are interpreted as follows: < 8 points indicates within normal range, 8-10 points indicates possible and >10 points indicates probable anxiety or depression.	12 months after implantation
Anxiety, depression	Assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. The scale consists of 14 items on a four-point response scale ranging from 0-3. Seven items for depression and 7 items for anxiety with a score range from 0-21. For each factor (anxiety or depression), the results are interpreted as follows: < 8 points indicates within normal range, 8-10 points indicates possible and >10 points indicates probable anxiety or depression.	15 months after implantation
Anxiety, depression	Assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. The scale consists of 14 items on a four-point response scale ranging from 0-3. Seven items for depression and 7 items for anxiety with a score range from 0-21. For each factor (anxiety or depression), the results are interpreted as follows: < 8 points indicates within normal range, 8-10 points indicates possible and >10 points indicates probable anxiety or depression.	21 months after implantation
Physical activity	Assessed with the "Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale" (SGPALS) is a scale that measures physical activity during the last year using the question "How much do you move and exert yourself physically during your leisure time?". The question has four options, where 1 is physically inactive and 4 is regular hard physical training for competitive sports.	3 months after implantations
Physical activity	Assessed with the "Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale" (SGPALS) is a scale that measures physical activity during the last year using the question "How much do you move and exert yourself physically during your leisure time?". The question has four options, where 1 is physically inactive and 4 is regular hard physical training for competitive sports.	6 months after implantations
Physical activity	Assessed with the "Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale" (SGPALS) is a scale that measures physical activity during the last year using the question "How much do you move and exert yourself physically during your leisure time?". The question has four options, where 1 is physically inactive and 4 is regular hard physical training for competitive sports.	9 months after implantations
Physical activity	Assessed with the "Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale" (SGPALS) is a scale that measures physical activity during the last year using the question "How much do you move and exert yourself physically during your leisure time?". The question has four options, where 1 is physically inactive and 4 is regular hard physical training for competitive sports.	12 months after implantations
Physical activity	Assessed with the "Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale" (SGPALS) is a scale that measures physical activity during the last year using the question "How much do you move and exert yourself physically during your leisure time?". The question has four options, where 1 is physically inactive and 4 is regular hard physical training for competitive sports.	15 months after implantations
Physical activity	Assessed with the "Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale" (SGPALS) is a scale that measures physical activity during the last year using the question "How much do you move and exert yourself physically during your leisure time?". The question has four options, where 1 is physically inactive and 4 is regular hard physical training for competitive sports.	21 months after implantations
Sleep quality according to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index	Assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The PSQI consists of 19 self-rated questions which assess a wide variety of factors relating to sleep quality, including estimates of sleep duration and latency and of the frequency and severity of specific sleep related problems. The 19 items are grouped into seven component scores, each weighted equally on a 0-3 scale. The seven component score are then summed to yield a global PSQI score which has a range of 0-21; higher scores indicate worse sleep quality.	3 months after implantation
Sleep quality according to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index	Assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The PSQI consists of 19 self-rated questions which assess a wide variety of factors relating to sleep quality, including estimates of sleep duration and latency and of the frequency and severity of specific sleep related problems. The 19 items are grouped into seven component scores, each weighted equally on a 0-3 scale. The seven component score are then summed to yield a global PSQI score which has a range of 0-21; higher scores indicate worse sleep quality.	6 months after implantation
Sleep quality according to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index	Assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The PSQI consists of 19 self-rated questions which assess a wide variety of factors relating to sleep quality, including estimates of sleep duration and latency and of the frequency and severity of specific sleep related problems. The 19 items are grouped into seven component scores, each weighted equally on a 0-3 scale. The seven component score are then summed to yield a global PSQI score which has a range of 0-21; higher scores indicate worse sleep quality.	9 months after implantation
Sleep quality according to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index	Assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The PSQI consists of 19 self-rated questions which assess a wide variety of factors relating to sleep quality, including estimates of sleep duration and latency and of the frequency and severity of specific sleep related problems. The 19 items are grouped into seven component scores, each weighted equally on a 0-3 scale. The seven component score are then summed to yield a global PSQI score which has a range of 0-21; higher scores indicate worse sleep quality.	12 months after implantation
Sleep quality according to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index	Assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The PSQI consists of 19 self-rated questions which assess a wide variety of factors relating to sleep quality, including estimates of sleep duration and latency and of the frequency and severity of specific sleep related problems. The 19 items are grouped into seven component scores, each weighted equally on a 0-3 scale. The seven component score are then summed to yield a global PSQI score which has a range of 0-21; higher scores indicate worse sleep quality.	15 months after implantation
Sleep quality according to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index	Assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The PSQI consists of 19 self-rated questions which assess a wide variety of factors relating to sleep quality, including estimates of sleep duration and latency and of the frequency and severity of specific sleep related problems. The 19 items are grouped into seven component scores, each weighted equally on a 0-3 scale. The seven component score are then summed to yield a global PSQI score which has a range of 0-21; higher scores indicate worse sleep quality.	21 months after implantation
Kinesiophobia	Assessed with Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). The TSK is a 17 item scale, developed to measure pain related fear of movement. A total scores from 17 to 68 is calculated where the higher scores indicate an increasing degree of kinesiophobia.	3 months
Kinesiophobia	Assessed with Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). The TSK is a 17 item scale, developed to measure pain related fear of movement. A total scores from 17 to 68 is calculated where the higher scores indicate an increasing degree of kinesiophobia.	6 months
Kinesiophobia	Assessed with Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). The TSK is a 17 item scale, developed to measure pain related fear of movement. A total scores from 17 to 68 is calculated where the higher scores indicate an increasing degree of kinesiophobia.	9 months
Kinesiophobia	Assessed with Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). The TSK is a 17 item scale, developed to measure pain related fear of movement. A total scores from 17 to 68 is calculated where the higher scores indicate an increasing degree of kinesiophobia.	12 months
Kinesiophobia	Assessed with Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). The TSK is a 17 item scale, developed to measure pain related fear of movement. A total scores from 17 to 68 is calculated where the higher scores indicate an increasing degree of kinesiophobia.	15 months
Kinesiophobia	Assessed with Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). The TSK is a 17 item scale, developed to measure pain related fear of movement. A total scores from 17 to 68 is calculated where the higher scores indicate an increasing degree of kinesiophobia.	21 months
Self-efficacy: A-SES-S	Assessed with self-efficacy for arthritis (A-SES-S). A-SES is a self-efficacy questionnaire that contains 20 questions and measure a paitent's self-efficacy in three categories: capacity to handle pain, function and other symptoms. A total score between 10 and 100 is calculated, were a high total score indicates a high self-efficacy. The three categories can also be calculated separately and divided in number of questions also resulting of a score between 10 and 100. In the study we will analyze the categories "capacity to handle pain" and "other symptoms".	3 months
Self-efficacy: A-SES-S	Assessed with self-efficacy for arthritis (A-SES-S). A-SES is a self-efficacy questionnaire that contains 20 questions and measure a paitent's self-efficacy in three categories: capacity to handle pain, function and other symptoms. A total score between 10 and 100 is calculated, were a high total score indicates a high self-efficacy. The three categories can also be calculated separately and divided in number of questions also resulting of a score between 10 and 100. In the study we will analyze the categories "capacity to handle pain" and "other symptoms".	6 months
Self-efficacy	Assessed with self-efficacy for arthritis (A-SES-S). A-SES is a self-efficacy questionnaire that contains 20 questions and measure a paitent's self-efficacy in three categories: capacity to handle pain, function and other symptoms. A total score between 10 and 100 is calculated, were a high total score indicates a high self-efficacy. The three categories can also be calculated separately and divided in number of questions also resulting of a score between 10 and 100. In the study we will analyze the categories "capacity to handle pain" and "other symptoms".	9 months
Self-efficacy: A-SES-S	Assessed with self-efficacy for arthritis (A-SES-S). A-SES is a self-efficacy questionnaire that contains 20 questions and measure a paitent's self-efficacy in three categories: capacity to handle pain, function and other symptoms. A total score between 10 and 100 is calculated, were a high total score indicates a high self-efficacy. The three categories can also be calculated separately and divided in number of questions also resulting of a score between 10 and 100. In the study we will analyze the categories "capacity to handle pain" and "other symptoms".	12 months
Self-efficacy: A-SES-S	Assessed with self-efficacy for arthritis (A-SES-S). A-SES is a self-efficacy questionnaire that contains 20 questions and measure a paitent's self-efficacy in three categories: capacity to handle pain, function and other symptoms. A total score between 10 and 100 is calculated, were a high total score indicates a high self-efficacy. The three categories can also be calculated separately and divided in number of questions also resulting of a score between 10 and 100. In the study we will analyze the categories "capacity to handle pain" and "other symptoms".	15 months
Self-efficacy: A-SES-S	Assessed with self-efficacy for arthritis (A-SES-S). A-SES is a self-efficacy questionnaire that contains 20 questions and measure a paitent's self-efficacy in three categories: capacity to handle pain, function and other symptoms. A total score between 10 and 100 is calculated, were a high total score indicates a high self-efficacy. The three categories can also be calculated separately and divided in number of questions also resulting of a score between 10 and 100. In the study we will analyze the categories "capacity to handle pain" and "other symptoms".	21 months
Self-efficacy for exercise	Assessed with self-efficacy for exercise (SEE-SV). The self efficacy scale measures a patient's self-efficacy when it comes to physical exercise. The questionnaire consists of 9 questions that can be answered on a 1-10 scale. A total score between 9 and 90 is calculated, were a higher number represent a better outcome.	3 months
Self-efficacy for exercise	Assessed with self-efficacy for exercise (SEE-SV). The self efficacy scale measures a patient's self-efficacy when it comes to physical exercise. The questionnaire consists of 9 questions that can be answered on a 1-10 scale. A total score between 9 and 90 is calculated, were a higher number represent a better outcome.	6 months
Self-efficacy for exercise	Assessed with self-efficacy for exercise (SEE-SV). The self efficacy scale measures a patient's self-efficacy when it comes to physical exercise. The questionnaire consists of 9 questions that can be answered on a 1-10 scale. A total score between 9 and 90 is calculated, were a higher number represent a better outcome.	9 months
Self-efficacy for exercise	Assessed with self-efficacy for exercise (SEE-SV). The self efficacy scale measures a patient's self-efficacy when it comes to physical exercise. The questionnaire consists of 9 questions that can be answered on a 1-10 scale. A total score between 9 and 90 is calculated, were a higher number represent a better outcome.	12 months
Self-efficacy for exercise	Assessed with self-efficacy for exercise (SEE-SV). The self efficacy scale measures a patient's self-efficacy when it comes to physical exercise. The questionnaire consists of 9 questions that can be answered on a 1-10 scale. A total score between 9 and 90 is calculated, were a higher number represent a better outcome.	15 months
Self-efficacy for exercise	Assessed with self-efficacy for exercise (SEE-SV). The self efficacy scale measures a patient's self-efficacy when it comes to physical exercise. The questionnaire consists of 9 questions that can be answered on a 1-10 scale. A total score between 9 and 90 is calculated, were a higher number represent a better outcome.	21 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Göteborg University
• Collaborators: Vastra Gotaland Region
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Paulin Andréll, MD, PhD, Göteborgs Universitet/Västra Götalandsregionen

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• O'Connell NE, Ferraro MC, Gibson W, Rice AS, Vase L, Coyle D, Eccleston C. Implanted spinal neuromodulation interventions for chronic pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Dec 2;12(12):CD013756. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013756.pub2.

Helpful Links

• Project description in Swedish

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 9, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 25, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): November 22, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 9, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 9, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): November 14, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 23, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 20, 2025
• Last Verified: May 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Quality of Life; Pain; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Physiotherapy
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Nervous System Diseases; Neuromuscular Diseases; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Neuralgia
• Other Study ID Numbers: VGRFOU-216271

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: Yes
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: Yes