Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Traumatic Brain Injury (MOTION)

April 1, 2025 updated by: University of Arizona

The Effect of Remote Ischemic Conditioning (RIC) on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Outcomes in Patients With TBI

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death among trauma patients accounting for one-third of all trauma mortalities. Patients who survive the initial trauma are liable to secondary insults from the ensuing inflammatory state in the brain. Treatment goals are aimed at reducing secondary injury. Maintaining adequate brain perfusion, limiting cerebral edema, and optimizing oxygen delivery are part of established treatment protocols. Numerous therapeutics have been evaluated as potential treatment for TBI with very limited success and there is no medication that alters survival.

Various novel therapeutic options have been investigated to prevent the secondary brain injury. Remote Ischemic Conditioning (RIC) is one of these therapies. RIC involves decreasing blood flow to a normal tissue usually the arm by inflating the blood pressure cuff 30mmHg over the systolic blood pressure. The decreased blood flow or ischemia is maintained for 5 minutes followed by releasing the pressure and re-perfusion of the arm. This cycle is usually repeated 4 times. RIC has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with heart attacks, strokes, elective neurosurgeries.

A prospective observational study and a randomized clinical trial has shown the protective effect of RIC in TBI patients. Additionally, multiple studies in animals have shown that RIC is neuroprotective after TBI. RIC is non-invasive and harmless except for a little discomfort in the arm. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of RIC on long term outcomes in patients with TBI.

Study Overview

Status

Withdrawn

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the leading causes of death and disability in the United States. Secondary brain injury caused by the complex interplay of inflammatory mediators induced by a primary insult is the major contributing factor for morbidity and mortality after TBI. While the primary injury is irreversible, the inflammatory cascade leading to the development of the secondary injury may be preventable. As a result, all the current research in TBI is focused on preventing initiation of this secondary insult.

Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is a process where normal tissues are subjected to short cycles of ischemia and reperfusion, which have been shown to reduce the sequelae of an ischemic injury at a remotely injured site. RIC has been shown to improve the outcomes after myocardial infarction, sepsis, transplantation, reimplantation, and elective neurologic surgery.It is thought to work by releasing endogenous systemic anti-inflammatory mediators and humoral factors and by using neural pathways, rendering global protection to the body against subsequent ischemic insults in a remote are. This protection provided by RIC has two phases, an early (short) phase and a late (prolonged) phase, both of which have proven to be effective in reducing ischemic size and improving survival. Multiple animal studies and a small randomized clinical trial have shown the protective effect of RIC in patients with TBI. The effectiveness of RIC in patients with traumatic brain injury is still under investigation not yet established.

Study Type

Interventional

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Arizona
      • Tucson, Arizona, United States, 85724
        • Banner University Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

17 years and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Age ≥ 17years.
  2. Diagnosis of traumatic brain injury.
  3. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≤13
  4. Intra-cranial hemorrhage (ICH) on initial brain CT scan

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Patients with traumatic brain injury >24 hours
  2. Transferred from other centers
  3. Declined to participate in the study

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Quadruple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Remote Ischemic Conditioning

Remote ischemic conditioning will be performed using a standard manual blood pressure cuff. The pressure in the blood pressure cuff will be maintained at 30 mm of Hg higher than the patient's systolic blood pressure. 4 cycles of ischemic conditioning will be performed each day for a period of 7 days. Each cycle consists of 5 min of controlled upper limb ischemia (cuff up) followed by 5 min of reperfusion (cuff down). The total duration of the treatment cycle will be 40 min. The study protocol is based on our published literature in traumatic brain injury.

Blood samples will be collected at 0 hours (before randomization). Then the first 4 cycles of RIC (done consecutively) will be performed, blood samples will be taken at 6 hours post randomization and then at 24 hours post randomization. RIC cycles will then be performed on a daily basis followed by taking a blood sample once daily during the patients' length of stay up to a maximum of 7 days
Device: Remote Ischemic Conditioning
Standard manual blood pressure cuff
Placebo Comparator: No Remote Ischemic Conditioning
Blood samples will be collected at 0 hours (before randomization). Blood samples will then be collected at 6 hours post randomization and 24 hours post randomization. These patients will not receive daily RIC therapy but will only have their blood drawn once daily during the patients' length of stay up to a maximum of 7 days.
Other: No-Remote Ischemic Conditioning
No-Remote Ischemic Conditioning

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in the level of Inflammatory Biomarkers (pg/ml)
Time Frame: Before randomization, 6 hours post randomization, 24 hours post randomization, once daily during the patients' length of stay up to a maximum of 7 days afterwards
Level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), Level of interleukin 1 (IL-1),Level of interleukin 6 (IL-6), Level of interleukin 8 (IL-8), and Level of interleukin 10 (IL-10).
Before randomization, 6 hours post randomization, 24 hours post randomization, once daily during the patients' length of stay up to a maximum of 7 days afterwards
Change in the level of C-reactive protein C-reactive Protein mg/dl
Time Frame: Before randomization, 6 hours post randomization, 24 hours post randomization, once daily during the patients' length of stay up to a maximum of 7 days afterwards
C-reactive protein
Before randomization, 6 hours post randomization, 24 hours post randomization, once daily during the patients' length of stay up to a maximum of 7 days afterwards
Change in the Level of pro-calcitonin (ng/ml)
Time Frame: Before randomization, 6 hours post randomization, 24 hours post randomization, once daily during the patients' length of stay up to a maximum of 7 days afterwards
Level of pro-calcitonin
Before randomization, 6 hours post randomization, 24 hours post randomization, once daily during the patients' length of stay up to a maximum of 7 days afterwards
Change in the Level of cardiac biomarker: Troponin c (ng/ml)
Time Frame: Before randomization, 6 hours post randomization, 24 hours post randomization, once daily during the patients' length of stay up to a maximum of 7 days afterwards
Troponin c
Before randomization, 6 hours post randomization, 24 hours post randomization, once daily during the patients' length of stay up to a maximum of 7 days afterwards
Change in the Level of cardiac biomarker: Creatinine Phosphokinase (ug/ml)
Time Frame: Before randomization, 6 hours post randomization, 24 hours post randomization, once daily during the patients' length of stay up to a maximum of 7 days afterwards
Creatinine Phosphokinase
Before randomization, 6 hours post randomization, 24 hours post randomization, once daily during the patients' length of stay up to a maximum of 7 days afterwards
Change in the Level of cardiac biomarker: Creatine Kinase MB CKMB (ug/ml)
Time Frame: Before randomization, 6 hours post randomization, 24 hours post randomization, once daily during the patients' length of stay up to a maximum of 7 days afterwards
Creatine Kinase MB
Before randomization, 6 hours post randomization, 24 hours post randomization, once daily during the patients' length of stay up to a maximum of 7 days afterwards

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Discharge Disposition/Destination
Time Frame: Last hospitalization day
Last hospitalization day
Mortality
Time Frame: Last hospitalization day, 30 days post-discharge
Last hospitalization day, 30 days post-discharge
Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (points)
Time Frame: Last hospitalization day, 30 days
Functional independence level assessment: The Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE) is a global scale for functional outcome that rates patients into eight categories. The categories of severe disability, moderate disability and good recovery are subdivided into a lower and upper category. The scale will be used to evaluate the patient's functional status
Last hospitalization day, 30 days
Glasgow Coma Scale (points)
Time Frame: Last hospitalization day, 30 days

Neurological status assessment The Glasgow Coma Scale is divided into three components which are scored separately: ocular response (assessment 1-4 points), motor response (assessment 1-6 points) verbal response (evaluation of 1-5 points).

Scores for each component are added together to get the total that will range between a minimum of 3 points (which corresponds to a patient who does not open his eyes and no motor response to stimulation or verbal response) and a maximum value of 15 points (corresponding to a patient with open eyes, obeying orders and maintaining a consistent language).

It has been considered that the GCS score between 15 and 13 points corresponds to a slight alteration of consciousness, a score of 12-9 points with moderate impairment and 8 points or less with a serious deterioration in level of consciousness.
Last hospitalization day, 30 days

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

University of Arizona

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Bellal Joseph, MD, University of Arizona

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

September 24, 2019

Primary Completion (Estimated)

May 30, 2023

Study Completion (Estimated)

May 30, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 27, 2019

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 29, 2019

First Posted (Actual)

April 2, 2019

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

April 4, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 1, 2025

Last Verified

May 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 1901298756

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

Yes

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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