Mindfulness Program for Older-Diabetes

Taiwanese Mindfulness Program for Long Term Residents With Type 2 Diabetes

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the newly developed Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction-Taiwan program (MBSR-T) for old people with type 2 diabetes living in long-term care facilities.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Mental Health Wellness 1
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction Program - Taiwan (MBSR-T)

Detailed Description

This study reported the first randomized controlled trial of Mindfulness-based reduction stress for residents with type 2 diabetes newly moved into long-term care facilities on depression, relocation stress and HbA1c levels. The results highlighted the benefits of using strategies in the MBSR-T to promote good quality of diabetes care for residents in long-term care.

The contents of the 9-week MBSR-T program were adapted from an initial MBSR program by the Taiwan Mindfulness Association for older people with diabetes (Chinese version). The program consisted of a 1.5-hour session each week for 9-weeks for a group of 8 to 10 participants. Each session included 30 minutes of mindful deep breathing relaxation and 60 minutes of practicing mindfulness activities.

A total sample of 140 was determined. All eligible individuals in each long-term care facility were randomized by computerized random numbers, sequence generated by an independent statistician with one-to-one ratio for allocating to either control or intervention group. All participants were blinded to group allocation. Participants in the control group received usual care, while participants in the intervention group received the MBSR-T in addition to the usual care. All sessions in the MBSR-T were delivered by a trained mindfulness registered nurse who had received additional trainer qualification of mindfulness. A research assistant was blinded to the study protocol, who was employed to undertake data collection at baseline, at 3, 6, and 9 weeks (T0, T1, T2, T3).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 140
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Taiwan
  • Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, 83102
    • Fooyin University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 65 years to 85 years (OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 65-85 years old
• Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
• Moving into the facility within a year
• No obvious delirium, confusion or current psychiatric illness
• Being able to communicate in Chinese.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Terminally ill
• Unable to communicate in Chinese.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction Program - Taiwan (MBSR-T); Participants in the intervention group received the MBSR-T in addition to routine care.	Behavioral: Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction Program - Taiwan (MBSR-T); The MBSR-T is focused on strategies to manage diabetes distress for new residents by three new techniques. Firstly, it involves practicing body and meditation exercises for openness to the awareness and acceptance of transferred life experiences, such as mindful attention exercise, which is assumed to allow the residents to behave in a less reactive and more reflective manner when confronted with transferred life stressors. Second, mindfulness meditation techniques were provided for difficult thoughts and feelings related to diabetes, such as paying full attention to the present moment of life and choosing to respond skillfully rather than reacting automatically to external events, thoughts or emotions as they arise. Third, a specific topic, for example on how to be mindful when life style is changed, or how to pay attention to the present moment within Chinese culture of peacefulness was discussed in each session.
NO_INTERVENTION: Routine care; The control group received the routine care provided in facilities, including routine check-ups at diabetes clinics as necessary.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
HbA1c values	Glycemic control was measured by HbA1c values, and data were collected from participants' medical records.	Change from baseline HbA1c values at 12 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Relocation Stress Scale	Relocation Stress Scale (Chinese version), This scale is a 29-item functional assessment of health status with a 5-point Likert scale (5 is the highest relocation stress, 1 is the lowest). The internal consistency .72 has been reported.	Change from baseline relocation stress mean scores at 9 weeks
Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21)	The Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to measure depression. The DASS-21 in Chinese version consists of 21 items with a 4-point Likert scale. The good internal consistency for the DASS-21 subscales .92 for depression, .94 for anxiety, and .91 for stress have been reported.	Change from baseline depression and anxiety stress mean scores at 9 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Fooyin University
• Investigators: Study Chair: Shu-Ming Chen, Fooyin University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): January 1, 2017
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): July 31, 2017
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): July 31, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 9, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 12, 2019
• First Posted (ACTUAL): May 15, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): May 15, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 12, 2019
• Last Verified: August 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Depression; Glycemic control; Mindfulness-based Program; Relocation stress
• Other Study ID Numbers: FYH-IRB-1040602

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: In the study consent form, the participants only singe their agreements for this study authors, not for other researchers.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No