Peer to Peer Programs for Military Suicide Prevention (P2P)

In the present project the investigators propose to test the efficacy of a peer to peer program entitled Airman's Edge. The Airman's Edge program plans to utilize peer mentors that will be trained in specialized skills designed to impact suicide risk at multiple levels of the military community without creating "extra duties" that increase workload and interfere with mission demands. Peer mentors will introduce primary prevention strategies to their units that target broad-based risk factors across the entire population (i.e., sleep disturbance, social support, meaning in life, firearm safety) with secondary prevention strategies that target individual-level risk factors (i.e., crisis response planning, firearm safety counseling). Peer mentors will complete a structured training process using existing curriculum and procedures that have been tested and refined within military groups. Peers mentors will also participate in monthly consultation calls with the investigative team to receive ongoing support, share resources and lessons learned, and address challenges and barriers to program implementation.

The purpose of the Airman's Edge peer to peer program is to influence indicators of suicide risk among military personnel at two levels, group and individual, consistent with the program's hybrid design that combines group-based education and individual-level suicide prevention skills training. The hypotheses are therefore designed to examine outcomes and effects at multiple levels of the community, which could inform subsequent implementation and translational efforts. The following aims are proposed:

Aim 1: To test the efficacy of a peer to peer program for the reduction of suicidal behavior among military personnel.

Aim 2: To identify moderators and mediators of the peer to peer program's effects on suicidal behavior.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Suicide
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Peer to peer program intervention

Detailed Description

Suicides among military personnel doubled from 2001 to 2015 and have remained elevated. Although new treatments and interventions have been shown to reduce the occurrence of suicidal behavior, they are predominantly available only in mental health clinics. Data indicates that the large majority of military personnel who die by suicide do not access mental healthcare services in the months preceding their deaths. New strategies that are based on these empirically-supported interventions but can be delivered outside the mental healthcare system, thereby reaching a larger proportion of the military community, are therefore needed. Peer to peer (P2P) support programs hold promise as a method for achieving these aims, but the evidence supporting this intervention model remains limited or, in the case of suicide prevention, absent. In light of this gap, the proposed project aims to test the efficacy of a P2P program for the reduction of suicidal behaviors among military personnel. The proposed P2P program, called Airman's Edge, is a hybrid model that includes both group-based peer educator and individual-based peer support components; these P2P program models have demonstrated the strongest outcomes with respect to changing attitudes, perspectives, and behaviors, all of which are key targets for reducing suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The Airman's Edge program is comprised of several skills-based strategies that have been shown to directly reduce suicidal thoughts and behaviors (i.e., sleep habits, firearm safety procedures, crisis response planning), and targets population-level contextual variables known to reduce suicide risk (i.e., purpose and meaning in life, social support). The mechanisms by which these strategies reduce suicidal behavior align with an empirically-supported conceptual model, the suicidal mode, which has guided recent advances in military suicide prevention. The delivery platform for the skills-based strategies employed in the Airman's Edge program have demonstrated very good acceptability and feasibility when used with military personnel.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 2055
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Missouri
    • Base De La Fuerza Aérea Whiteman, Missouri, United States, 65305
      • Whiteman Air Force Base

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. 18 years of age or older; and
2. able to understand and speak the English language.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. an inability to understand and speak the English language and
2. an inability to complete the informed consent process.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: PREVENTION
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: SINGLE

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
NO_INTERVENTION: Wait list
EXPERIMENTAL: Peer to peer program intervention; The experimental condition for the proposed project is the Airman's Edge program, a peer to peer program in which peer mentors will be trained to provide a series of interventions aimed at reducing risk for suicidal behaviors both directly and indirectly through the targeting of emotion dysregulation, cognitive rigidity, and contextual risk factors (e.g., insomnia, meaning in life, social support, firearm availability).	Behavioral: Peer to peer program intervention; Peer to peer suicide prevention program aimed at reducing suicide in a military population.; Other Names: Airman's Edge

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in number of suicide deaths from baseline	Number of suicide deaths will be collected from Department of Defense Suicide Event Report data.	Administrative data will be requested at baseline for the five years preceding the start of the study, and will be requested on a quarterly basis through study completion, an average of 20 months.
Change in suicidal behaviors from baseline	Include suicide attempts, aborted suicide attempts, and interrupted suicide attempts. Will be assessed using the self-report version of the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview (SITBI; Nock et al., 2007). The SITBI is a PhenX Toolkit recommended common data element.	Participants will complete self-report assessments at baseline and every four months during follow-up for a total of 20 months.
Change in suicide ideation from baseline	Suicide ideation will be assessed using the self-report version of the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview (SITBI; Nock et al., 2007). The SITBI is a PhenX Toolkit recommended common data element.	. Participants will complete self-report assessments at baseline and every four months during follow-up for a total of 20 months.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Utah
• Collaborators: Xcelerate Innovations
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Craig J Bryan, PsyD, The University of Utah

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Bryan CJ, Mintz J, Clemans TA, Leeson B, Burch TS, Williams SR, Maney E, Rudd MD. Effect of crisis response planning vs. contracts for safety on suicide risk in U.S. Army Soldiers: A randomized clinical trial. J Affect Disord. 2017 Apr 1;212:64-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.028. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
• Bryan, C. J., & Morrow, C. E. (2011). Circumventing mental health stigma by embracing the warrior culture: Lessons learned from the Defender's Edge program. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 42(1), 16-23. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022290
• Bryan CJ, Mintz J, Clemans TA, Burch TS, Leeson B, Williams S, Rudd MD. Effect of Crisis Response Planning on Patient Mood and Clinician Decision Making: A Clinical Trial With Suicidal U.S. Soldiers. Psychiatr Serv. 2018 Jan 1;69(1):108-111. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.201700157. Epub 2017 Oct 2.
• Bryan CJ, Andreski SR, McNaughton-Cassill M, Osman A. Agency is associated with decreased emotional distress and suicidal ideation in military personnel. Arch Suicide Res. 2014;18(3):241-50. doi: 10.1080/13811118.2013.824836.

Helpful Links

• National Center for Veterans Studies

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): January 1, 2020
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): March 30, 2022
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): March 30, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 2, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 15, 2019
• First Posted (ACTUAL): July 16, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): October 6, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 5, 2022
• Last Verified: October 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Suicide prevention; Peer mentoring
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Behavioral Symptoms; Self-Injurious Behavior; Suicide
• Other Study ID Numbers: PT170195; W81XWH-18-2-0064 (OTHER_GRANT: Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs, USAMRMC)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No