Effects of Action Observation and Motor Imagery on Orofacial Sensorimotor Variables

The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different dosages of action observation (AO) and motor imagery (MI) combined with an orofacial exercise program on pain pressure thresholds, lingual endurance and perceived exertion in asymptomatic subjects.

Study Overview

• Status: Unknown
• Conditions: Pain
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Moderate dosage training of action Observation and Motor imagery; Behavioral: Moderate dosage orofacial exercises; Behavioral: Intensive dosage training of action observation and motor imagery; Biological: Intensive dosage orofacial exercises

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 50
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Spain
  • Madrid, Spain, 28023
    • CSEU La Salle

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. healthy individuals with no pain
2. aged between 18 and 65 years
3. subjects with correct masticatory function and labial and lingual mobility

Exclusion Criteria:

1. individuals who presented systemic, cardiorespiratory, central nervous system or rheumatic diseases, or those who presented any musculoskeletal or craniocervical pathology
2. underage individuals
3. individuals with orofacial pain or temporomandibular disorders at the time of the study
4. subjects' complaint of toothache or tenderness to percussion.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Moderate dosage training	Behavioral: Moderate dosage training of action Observation and Motor imagery; Motor imagery and action observation of orofacial exercises with moderate dosage; Behavioral: Moderate dosage orofacial exercises; Orofacial exercises with moderate intensity
Experimental: Intensive dosage training	Behavioral: Intensive dosage training of action observation and motor imagery; Motor imagery and action observation of the orofacial exercises with intensive dosage; Biological: Intensive dosage orofacial exercises; Orofacial exercises with high intensity

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Pain pressure thresholds (PPTs)	PPT is defined as the minimal amount of pressure where a sense of pressure first changes to pain. The mechanical pressure algometer (Force Ten TM FDX Digital Force Gage) used in this study consisted of a round rubber disk (area, 1 cm2) attached to a pressure (force) gauge. The gauge displays values in kilograms but, because the surface of the rubber tip is 1 cm2, the readings are expressed in kg/cm2. The range of values of the pressure algometer is 0 to 10 kg, with 0.1-kg divisions. The pressure was applied at a rate of 0.31 kg/second (Chesterton et al. 2007).	Change from baseline and immediately post-intervention
Lingual muscle endurance	Lingual muscle endurance is assessed using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) (Adams et al. 2015). The measurement of muscular endurance was carried out by placing a plastic bulb with oblong air content on the hard palate, posterior to the central incisor teeth. The participants were asked to elevate the lingual (through anterior and posterior lingual region) to press the instrument with the maximum possible force for 3 seconds, while monitoring the force exerted, quantified in Newtons Adams et al. (2015) found moderate to strong reliability for anterior (ICC: 0.58-0.77) and posterior (ICC 0.77-0.84) tongue strength.	Change from baseline and immediately post-intervention
Perceived exertion	The Borg scale of perceived effort measures the entire range of effort that the individual perceives when exercising. This scale gives criteria to make adjustments to the intensity of exercise, that is. To the workload, and thus predict and dictate the different intensities of exercise in sports and in medical rehabilitation (BORG, 1982). It can also be used in athletics, astronautics, industry and military environments, as well as in everyday situations. The concept of perceived effort is a subjective evaluation that indicates the subject's opinion regarding the intensity of the work carried out (MORGAN, 1973). The subject doing the exercise must designate a number, from 1 to 20, to represent the subjective sensation of the amount of work performed and higher values represent more perceived exertion	Change from baseline and immediately post-intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Universidad Autonoma de Madrid

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Anticipated): July 12, 2019
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): August 12, 2019
• Study Completion (Anticipated): August 15, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 8, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 14, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): July 16, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 22, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 19, 2019
• Last Verified: July 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Motor Imagery; Action observation
• Other Study ID Numbers: uammadrid10

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No