Effects of Motor Imagery and Action Observation in People With Multiple Sclerosis

December 15, 2025 updated by: Melike Sumeyye Ozen, Hacettepe University

Investigation of the Effects of Motor Imagery and Action Observation in People With Multiple Sclerosis

It was planned to examine the effects of motor imagery and action observation applied in addition to standard rehabilitation in people with multiple sclerosis on walking, fatigue, and trunk control.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

48

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being between the ages of 18-65
  • A definitive diagnosis of MS by a neurologist according to the 2017 McDonald Criteria
  • Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 4.0 and below (it is determined routinely by the physician during the examination)
  • Not having an attack in the last 3 months
  • A minimum score of 4 in each motor imagery ability (internal visual imagery, external visual imagery, and kinesthetic imagery) on the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 (MIQ-3)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • cognitive impairment, defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of less than 24
  • Having another musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, or neurological disease severe enough to preclude participation in the study.
  • Having severe vision and hearing problems

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Motor Imagery Group
Individuals included in this group will receive 20 minutes of motor imagery training in addition to 40 minutes of standard rehabilitation. Patients will be trained 3 days a week for 6 weeks.
Other: Motor Imagery training
Individuals included in this group will receive 20 minutes of motor imagery training in addition to 40 minutes of standard rehabilitation.
Other: standard rehabilitation
40 minutes of standard rehabilitation.
Experimental: Action Observation Group
Individuals included in this group will receive 20 minutes of action observation training in addition to 40 minutes of standard rehabilitation. Patients will be trained 3 days a week for 6 weeks.
Other: standard rehabilitation
40 minutes of standard rehabilitation.
Other: Action Observation training
Individuals included in this group will receive 20 minutes of action observation training in addition to 40 minutes of standard rehabilitation.
Other: Control Group
Individuals included in this group will receive only 40 minutes of standard rehabilitation. Patients will be trained 3 days a week for 6 weeks.
Other: standard rehabilitation
40 minutes of standard rehabilitation.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
6 Min Walking Test
Time Frame: 6 week
It will be used to measure walking distance. Before the test is administered, individuals will be given the necessary information and will be asked to walk as fast as possible on a 30-meter track for 6 minutes.
6 week

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
RehaGait® (Hasomed, Magdeburg, Germany) Gait Analysis
Time Frame: 6 week
The device gives about the time-distance characteristics and kinematic data of the gait.
6 week
Fatigue Severity Scale
Time Frame: 6 week
It is a scale that evaluates the extent to which fatigue affects the daily functions of MS patients. The lowest score that can be obtained from the scale is 7, while the highest score is 63. It is accepted that the severity of fatigue increases as the total score increases.
6 week
Timed Up and Go Test
Time Frame: 6 week
It will be used to evaluate the dynamic balance of individuals while walking. Individuals will be asked to stand up from the chair they are sitting on without support and walk a distance of 3 meters, then return from the designated area and sit on the chair without support.
6 week
Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12
Time Frame: 6 week
It is a scale used to measure perceived walking ability. The lowest possible total score on the scale is "12," while the highest is "60". An increase in the total score indicates a negative impact on walking ability.
6 week
Trunk Impairment Scale
Time Frame: 6 week
Trunk control was assessed using the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), which consists of three subscales: static sitting balance, dynamic sitting balance, and coordination. The lowest possible total score on the scale is "0", while the highest is "23". An increase in the total score indicates increased trunk control.
6 week

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Hacettepe University

Collaborators

Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Melike Sumeyye Ozen, M.Sc., Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

June 1, 2022

Primary Completion (Actual)

April 1, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

June 1, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

May 12, 2022

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 16, 2022

First Posted (Actual)

May 17, 2022

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimated)

December 19, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

December 15, 2025

Last Verified

December 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 2022-5

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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