- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT04097665
The Use of Indocyanine Green Angiography to Predict Expanded Flap Viability
Study Overview
Detailed Description
The lack of suitable soft tissues is a common challenge facing the reconstructive surgeon. Tissue expansion, first described in 1957 by Neumann, is an ingenious technique that can cause body to grow additional skin tissue of similar texture and color to the defect to be repaired and reduce donor site morbidity at the same time. Generally, a silicone balloon expander is inserted under the skin and then gradually filled with saline or carbon dioxide over time, inducing tissue regeneration. Tissue expansion represents one of the major advances in reconstructive surgery and has been widely involved in all kinds of plastic and reconstructive endeavor. In the process of expansion, mechanical stretch also triggers tissue neovascularization and changes in hemodynamic characteristics. These alterations in expanded flap make it challenging to assess flap perfusion and predict postoperative blood flow disorders.
Traditionally, surgeons rely on the clinical experience for determining tissue perfusion, including flap color, capillary refill and pinprick bleeding. However, clinical judgment is highly subjective, difficult to acquire and may be misleading in nonconventional flaps like expanded flaps. Various technologies have been evaluated for perfusion monitoring, including fluorescein angiography, tissue oxygen saturation measurement and thermography. Nevertheless, these are rarely used as routine due to practical limitations, insufficient sensitivity and/or specificity. Recently, Indocyanine Green Angiography (ICGA) has been used for intraoperative evaluation of tissue perfusion. ICGA can give a real-time assessment of flap vascularity and perfusion by intravenously injecting a contrast agent indocyanine green that emits fluorescence when excited by a laser of specific wavelength. Several studies have validated its role in intraoperative evaluation of conventional free and pedicled flap perfusion to aid in surgical decision making and predict postoperative tissue viability. There is obvious difference in hemodynamic characteristics between conventional and expanded flaps so that the conclusion generated from conventional flap study can't be simply extended to expanded flap. In other words, the benefits of ICGA on predicting viability of expanded flaps remains to be validated.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of intraoperative ICGA on the prediction of flap necrosis in patients underwent tissue expansion. ICGA will be conducted intraoperatively, meanwhile, the possible area of necrosis will be marked according to clinical experience and the fluorescence value of each observation point will be recorded. After 1 week's follow up, the flap viability at each observation point will be assessed by clinical examination. Then, the corresponding fluorescence value will be determined by superimposing digital photography over ICGA imaging results. By analyzing the observation point representing different fate of flap tissue with Logistic regression analysis, ROC curve and area under curve (AUC) can be synthesized by SPSS. A cut-off point can be further identified to achieve both higher positive and negative predictive value, improving the utility and accuracy of ICGA in predicting the postoperative skin viability of expanded flaps.
Study Type
Enrollment (Anticipated)
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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Shanghai
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Shanghai, Shanghai, China, 200011
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Sampling Method
Study Population
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age: 6-50 years old;
- Sex: male and female;
- Undergo expanded flap treatment;
- Possible to suffer from flap necrosis;
- Sign the informed consent and are willing to keep following up
Exclusion Criteria:
- Present or history of significant medical diseases including infectious, renal, cardiovascular, hepatic, hematological and psychiatric diseases;
- Evidence of infection, ischemia, ulcer or other pathological changes within the targeting area which defined as not suitable for expansion; or history of delayed healing, radiational therapy;
- Long history of smoking and/or drinking (>5 years) without quit.
- Iodine allergy; Indocyanine green allergy;
- Evidence of psychological disorders, no self-awareness and unable to cooperate;
- Evidence of malignant diseases or unwillingness to participate.
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
Cohorts and Interventions
Group / Cohort |
Intervention / Treatment |
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patients with expanded flaps
Patients will undergo tissue expansion.
When the expanded flaps are harvested and transplanted, ICGA will be conducted intraoperatively.
Meanwhile, the possible area of necrosis will be marked according to clinical experience.
And then this area will be further divided into perfusion units (1*1 square centimeter for each).
The center of each perfusion unit will be marked as observation point, of which the fluorescence value will be recorded.
After 1 week's follow-up postoperatively, the flap tissue will be determined by superimposing digital photography over ICGA imaging results, and the outcome of each observation point will be recorded.
By analyzing the fluorescence value and outcome of each observation point, a cut-off point can be further identified to achieve both higher positive and negative predictive value, improving the utility and accuracy of ICGA in predicting the postoperative skin viability of expanded flaps.
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All patients treated with expanded flaps will be assessed by surgeons, and the possible area of necrosis will be marked based on clinical experience.
This area will be further divided into perfusion units (1*1 square centimeter for each), and the center of each perfusion unit will be marked.
Then all patients will receive ICGA after the complete transfer of flap to the recipient site.
For ICGA, a 2ml bolus of indocyanine green (2.5mg/ml) was injected through the patient's intravenous line.
The detector/camera of the SPY imaging system should place over the flap at approximately 30cm for fluorescence image acquisition.
The fluorescence value will be recorded afterwards.
Other Names:
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
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The number of necrotic and survival observation points and corresponding intraoperative fluorescence values
Time Frame: 7 days post-operation
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The clinical outcome of each observation point will be assigned as necrosis or survive 7 days post operation.
Necrosis includes epidermolysis, partial/superficial necrosis, and full-thickness necrosis.
Partial/superficial necrosis is defined as loss of epidermis and partial loss of dermis with no subcutaneous tissue exposure/no requirement for debridement.
Full-thickness necrosis is defined as loss of both epidermis and dermis.
The number of necrotic and survival observation points will be recorded respectively, and the intraoperative fluorescence value of each point will be backtracked on SPY-Q afterwards.
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7 days post-operation
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Collaborators and Investigators
Investigators
- Study Director: Tao Zan, MD,PhD, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Singh M, Nuutila K, Kruse C, Robson MC, Caterson E, Eriksson E. Challenging the Conventional Therapy: Emerging Skin Graft Techniques for Wound Healing. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015 Oct;136(4):524e-530e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000001634.
- Parrett BM, Pomahac B, Orgill DP, Pribaz JJ. The role of free-tissue transfer for head and neck burn reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007 Dec;120(7):1871-1878. doi: 10.1097/01.prs.0000287272.28417.14.
- Cherry GW, Austad E, Pasyk K, McClatchey K, Rohrich RJ. Increased survival and vascularity of random-pattern skin flaps elevated in controlled, expanded skin. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1983 Nov;72(5):680-7. doi: 10.1097/00006534-198311000-00018.
- Liang X, Huang X, Zhou Y, Jin R, Li Q. Mechanical Stretching Promotes Skin Tissue Regeneration via Enhancing Mesenchymal Stem Cell Homing and Transdifferentiation. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2016 Jul;5(7):960-9. doi: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0274. Epub 2016 Apr 29.
- Ghali S, Butler PEM, Tepper OM, Gurtner GC. Vascular delay revisited. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007 May;119(6):1735-1744. doi: 10.1097/01.prs.0000246384.14593.6e.
- Chiu DT, Hu G, Wu J, Rhee S, Rogers L, Gorlick N. Extended rat-ear flap model: a new rodent model for studying the effects of vessel supercharging on flap viability. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2002 Aug;18(6):503-8. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-33322.
- Yao ST. Vascular implantation into skin flap: experimental study and clinical application: a preliminary report. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1981 Sep;68(3):404-10. No abstract available.
- Moyer HR, Losken A. Predicting mastectomy skin flap necrosis with indocyanine green angiography: the gray area defined. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012 May;129(5):1043-1048. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e31824a2b02.
- Newman MI, Samson MC, Tamburrino JF, Swartz KA. Intraoperative laser-assisted indocyanine green angiography for the evaluation of mastectomy flaps in immediate breast reconstruction. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2010 Sep;26(7):487-92. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1261701. Epub 2010 Jun 10.
- Phillips BT, Lanier ST, Conkling N, Wang ED, Dagum AB, Ganz JC, Khan SU, Bui DT. Intraoperative perfusion techniques can accurately predict mastectomy skin flap necrosis in breast reconstruction: results of a prospective trial. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012 May;129(5):778e-788e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e31824a2ae8.
- Seifalian AM, Stansby G, Jackson A, Howell K, Hamilton G. Comparison of laser Doppler perfusion imaging, laser Doppler flowmetry, and thermographic imaging for assessment of blood flow in human skin. Eur J Vasc Surg. 1994 Jan;8(1):65-9. doi: 10.1016/s0950-821x(05)80123-9.
- Losken A, Styblo TM, Schaefer TG, Carlson GW. The use of fluorescein dye as a predictor of mastectomy skin flap viability following autologous tissue reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2008 Jul;61(1):24-9. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0b013e318156621d.
- Li Q, Zan T, Gu B, Liu K, Shen G, Xie Y, Weng R. Face resurfacing using a cervicothoracic skin flap prefabricated by lateral thigh fascial flap and tissue expander. Microsurgery. 2009;29(7):515-23. doi: 10.1002/micr.20640.
- Sun BK, Siprashvili Z, Khavari PA. Advances in skin grafting and treatment of cutaneous wounds. Science. 2014 Nov 21;346(6212):941-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1253836.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Anticipated)
Study Completion (Anticipated)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Other Study ID Numbers
- ICGA
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
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