Biofeedback Training, Efficacy Evaluation of Fibromyalgia Treatment, a Pilot Study

Biofeedback equipment is classified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as medical device class II and this type of equipment/treatment has shown evidence regarding stress management.

In fibromyalgia. The main objective of the study is to verify the feasibility of an HVR biofeedback training protocol in patients with fibromyalgia, and also to verify improvement induced by the technique in relation to: Quality of life; Quality of sleep; Perception of pain; Depressive symptomatology; Anxious symptomatology.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Biofeedback, Psychology
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: Biofeedback training treatment in Fibromyalgia, a pilot study; Other: Control (treatment as usual)

Detailed Description

Background and rationale of study

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disease, it is characterised by persistent and diffused musculoskeletal pain with not well defined etiology. Fibromyalgia often occurs in comorbidity with other functional, organic and psychiatric pathologies. The main clinical manifestation of FM is pain, which is predominantly described by people with fibromyalgia as a burning sensation, stiffness, contracture and tension. Pain varies depending on moments of the day, activity levels, weather conditions, sleep cycle and perceived distress. Patients suffering from fibromyalgia commonly have functional disorders, including persistent fatigue,dysregulated sleep, cognitive slowness, bowel disorders, paresthesia. Futhermore, fibromyalgia occurs in comorbidity with depression with a percentage that varies between 22% and 80% (3,4). Moreover, some patients with fibromyalgia have anxiety disorder and other syndromes related to stress as irritable bowel. The prevalence of fibromyalgia in general population is 2%, with a peak of onset between 45-60 years. The gender prevalence varies between 0.5% and 5%, it is more common between women (~ 4.2%) than men (~0.2%).

Fibromyalgia has an important impact on the quality of life. Biofeedback is one of the medical devices used for the treatment of fibromyalgia, that aimes to riduce the typical symptoms and improve QoL.

Biofeedback allows to learn self-regulation of some physiological processes through feedback of recorded parameters and the goal is improving health and its performances.

Biofeedback measures muscle activity, skin temperature, electrodermal activity (sudoriparous glands activity), respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, electrical brain activity and bloodstream, it also gives a quick feedback of those personal measurements to the patient, in this way biofeedback teaches people to have a more active role in maintaining a good personal, mental and physical health (quickly and thoroughly it give person feedback of activity and biofeedback teaches people to take a more active role in maintaining personal health and mental health and physical health).

Biofeedback equipment is classified by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as medical device class II and this type of equipment/treatment has shown evidence regarding stress management (evidence were shown as regards stress menagement).

In fibromyalgia, the greatest benefits from using biofeedback are: improvement of sleep quality, improvement of self- efficacy, improvement of pain threshold, and improvement of emotional adjustment. In particular, a study conducted with HRV biofeedback, in which the sample learned resonance frequency breathing, showed dicreases in depression and pain and improved the person's system functioning.

Study objectives

The main objective of the study is to verify the feasibility of an HVR biofeedback training protocol in patients with fibromyalgia, and also to produce a preliminary measurement of the possible improvement induced by the technique in relation to:Quality of life; Quality of sleep; Perception of pain; Depressive symptomatology; Anxious symptomatology This measure will be useful to estimate the expected improvement in future case-control studies. Study design

This is a controlled clinical trial with crossover and comparison between usual care and biofeedback training, plus usual care.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 64
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Mauro Carta; Phone Number: +393924944509; Email: mgcarta@tiscali.it

Study Locations

• Italy
  • Cagliari, Italy, 09100
    • P.O. San Giovanni di Dio, AOU Cagliari

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• All patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia afferent to the clinic of pain therapy of San Giovanni hospital in Cagliari, Sardegna. Psychiatric comorbidities have no exclusion criterion

Exclusion Criteria:

- Patients with cognitive difficulties and/or diagnoses of mental retardation and male patients will not be included in the study. Male patients will be excluded because the diagnosy of FM is infrequent in male patients and it was decided not to have bias because of the low amount of patients included in the study

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Case; 32 women with fibromyalgia diagnosis corresponding to the diagnostic criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) will be taken in charge at the pain therapy centre of San Giovanni di Dio Hospital. All patients over the age of 18 will be included. Other patients with rheumatologic diagnoses in comorbidity with fibromyalgia will be considered exclusion criteria/will be excluded. Patients with cognitive difficulties and / or diagnoses of intellectual disability and male patients will not be included in the study. In addiction to standard therapies, the sample will be treated with 10 sessions of biofeedback training.	Device: Biofeedback training treatment in Fibromyalgia, a pilot study; The selected sample will undergo 10 total Biofeedback Training sessions, once a week. Each session will last 45 minutes. The total duration of the treatment will be 10 weeks
Active Comparator: Controls; 32 women with fibromyalgia diagnosis corresponding to the diagnostic criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) will be taken in charge at the pain therapy centre of San Giovanni di Dio. All patients over the age of 18 will be included. Other patients with rheumatologic diagnoses in comorbidity with fibromyalgia will be considered exclusion criteria/will be excluded. Moreover, patients with cognitive difficulties and / or diagnoses of mental retardation and male patients will not be included in the study. The sample will be treated only with standard therapies without the use of biofeedback training	Other: Control (treatment as usual); The sample will be treated only with standard therapies without the use of biofeedback training for 10 weeks

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Quality of sleep, Sleep scale from the medical study (MOS),change is being assessed	Self-assessment questionnaire consisting of 12 items and is aimed at evaluating certain fundamental parameters in sleep disorders such as sleep, sleep continuity, sleep duration, sleepiness and breathing disorders during sleep. The total score is on the scale ranges from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate more disturbed sleep	T0 (0 weeks); T1 (10 weeks); T2 (22 weeks); T3 (34 weeks)
Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), change is being assessed	self-administered questionnaire, consisting of 20 questions, divided into three parts: ability to carry out activities of daily life; number of days in the last week in which the patient has felt good and in which he has not been able to carry out his work due to the symptoms of FM. Questions 4 to 10 relate to the extent of FM interference with one's work, the intensity of pain and fatigue, the quality of the night's rest, the intensity of stiffness and the presence of anxiety or depression; responses range from 0 (no disturbance) to 10 (very important disorder), marked on a horizontal linear scale. The maximum FIQ score, corresponding to the highest degree of disability, is 100	T0 (0 weeks); T1 (10 weeks); T2 (22 weeks); T3 (34 weeks)
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), change is being assessed	Short self-administered tool used for screening, diagnosis, monitoring and measuring the severity of depression. It's composed of 9 items that correspond to the symptoms of major depression according to DSM-IV. The score has a range between 0 and 27. Scores between 0 and 9 indicate the presence of a sub-threshold depression. The score of 10 is indicated as the point at which the sensitivity and specificity of the instrument are recognized as optimal for highlighting depressions of clinical relevance.	T0 (0 weeks); T1 (10 weeks); T2 (22 weeks); T3 (34 weeks)
Bodily and emotional perception of pain (BEEP), change is being assessed	Instrument consisting of 23 items with Likert scale with six-step interval (from 0 to 5), organized in three subscales definable according to the following denomination: Emotional reaction induced by pain (including 15 items); Limitations caused by pain in the daily life (including 4 items); and Interference of pain on mood, interpersonal relationships, sleep and pleasure of living (4 items).	T0 (0 weeks); T1 (10 weeks); T2 (22 weeks); T3 (34 weeks)
Sense of Coherence Scale 13- item (SOC), change is being assessed	Self-administered questionnaire consisting of 13 items providing a total score and a score for each dimension: "comprehensibility" (C), which refers to the ability to perceive life events as coherent, structured and clear; "Manageability" (Ma), which refers to the ability to perceive that the available resources satisfy the needs of life; and "Significance" (Me), which refers to the feeling that life, emotionally, makes sense. The total score ranges from 13 to 91, with higher scores indicating a higher SOC.	T0 (0 weeks); T1 (10 weeks); T2 (22 weeks); T3 (34 weeks)

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Quality of life, Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), change is being assessed	The Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), brief version of SF-36 questionnaire, made up of twelve questions, includes the following dimensions: physical activity, disturbance in physical health, physical condition, self-assessment of health status, vitality, social activity and mental health. Higher SF-12 scores recorded a greeting and QoL performance.	T0 (0 weeks); T1 (10 weeks); T2 (22 weeks); T3 (34 weeks)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Cagliari

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 1, 2019
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 30, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): December 23, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 6, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 8, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): October 10, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 24, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 21, 2023
• Last Verified: March 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Nervous System Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Rheumatic Diseases; Muscular Diseases; Neuromuscular Diseases; Fibromyalgia
• Other Study ID Numbers: PG/2019/6248

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: Yes
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: Yes