Incidence of The Bowel, Bladder, and Sexual Dysfunction Following Surgery for Colorectal Malignancy

October 18, 2019 updated by: Nabin Pokharel, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Nepal
Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer by the site in Europe and the third most common cancer in the USA with high morbidity and mortality. Survival after the treatment has improved over the past few decades as a result of early diagnosis, radiotherapy, and advances in surgical techniques such as abdominoperineal resection (APR), low anterior resection (LAR) and total mesorectal excision (TME). These innovative surgeries are the current standard treatment for the mid and the low rectal cancers which avoids the permanent colostomy. It is very difficult to find out the incidence of the bowel, bladder and sexual dysfunction of patients either because they are embarrassed or because they do not relate their symptoms to rectal cancer treatment. This article reports the incidence of the bowel, bladder and sexual dysfunction following surgery for rectal cancer from the National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, a tertiary level hospital.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

It was a cross-sectional study at Bir Hospital and the duration of the study was from December 2014 to December 2017. Here, all the patients who underwent LAR and APR following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were included. And, all the patients with recurrence after surgery, lost to follow up, benign disease, who did not undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and who underwent trans-anal excision were excluded from the study. In our study, the independent variable will be the type of surgery done for colorectal malignant disease. And the dependent variables will be the postoperative complications in the form of immediate and delayed complications. Immediate could be infectious or non-infectious complications and delayed (long term) complications could be bowel, bladder, and sexual dysfunction respectively.

Data collection was done using structured Performa that included all the demographic parameters, examination findings which included the data regarding neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and type of surgery (LAR and APR) were included. The laboratory parameters were also included. All the operative and post-operative details were included regarding bowel, bladder, and sexual dysfunction. And validated tools were used to calculate and analyze data.

LARS Score Questionnaire: The aim of this questionnaire was to assess the bowel function using a validated questionnaire.6 The LARS consists of five questions and can be used to generate an overall score that translates into no LARS (score 0-20), minor LARS (21-29), and major LARS (30-42) respectively.

IPSS Questionnaire: Assessment of bladder dysfunction was assessed by the validated questionnaire of International Prostatic Symptoms Score (IPSS) for bladder dysfunction.8 For the evaluation of preoperative and postoperative bladder function, a urologic history and residual urine volume measurements by ultrasound were done.

Sexual Function Evaluation: In the early period after surgery sexual function was measured using the validated questionnaire - the International Index of Female Sexual Function (IFSF) for females and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) for males. These tools helped to assess the impact of a specific treatment modality by evaluating different sexual function domains. Our study group was small, so we did not classify the groups into mild, moderate, and severe dysfunction groups. We did the overall long term assessment of the patients who came for the follow-up. These specific questionnaires were asked and the assessment was done for the overall dysfunctions.

Ethics: The study was approved by the institutional ethical committee- "IRB of NAMS, Bir Hospital" and written consent was obtained from all of the patients.

Statistics: All the data were entered in SPSS version 16 and then statistical analysis was done. Type of surgery, the status of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and the postoperative outcomes were studied respectively. Correlation and logistic regression statistic tools were used. A comprehensive literature search published in English was done until 2019 using Hinari, PubMed, and Cochrane Library.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

38

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

It was a cross-sectional study at Bir Hospital and the duration of the study was from December 2014 to December 2017. Out of 38 patients included for surgery 12 were excluded due to poor follow up and those patients who underwent upfront surgery. Only 26 patients were included in the study. There were 20 (76.9%) males and 6 (23.1%) females respectively. The mean age of the patient was 43.577yrs (26-75) and mean BMI was 20.78. The number of patients that underwent LAR was 24 (92.30%) and those who underwent APR were 2( 7.6%) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy respectively. Immediate could be infectious or non-infectious complications and delayed (long term) complication could be bowel, bladder, and sexual dysfunction respectively.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1) All the patients who underwent LAR and APR following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. All the patients with recurrence after surgery,
  2. Lost to follow up,
  3. Benign disease,
  4. Patients who did not undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and
  5. Patients who underwent trans-anal excision.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: Case-Only
  • Time Perspectives: Cross-Sectional

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
Bowel, Bladder, and Sexual Dysfunction group
Out of 38 patients included for surgery 12 were excluded due to poor follow up and those patients who underwent upfront surgery. Only 26 patients were included in the study. There were 20 (76.9%) males and 6 (23.1%) females respectively. The mean age of the patient was 43.577yrs (26-75) and mean BMI was 20.78. The number of patients that underwent LAR was 24 (92.30%) and those who underwent APR were 2( 7.6%) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy respectively.
Procedure: Surgery for Colorectal malignant diseases either LAR or APR
Patients following LAR or APR were observed for the Bowel, Bladder, and Sexual Dysfunction

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Bowel Dysfunction
Time Frame: 6 months
Self reported urgency, fecal incontinence (either flatus or stool), difficulty in the evacuation. It is calculated using LARS Score Questionnaire which consists of five questions and can be used to generate an overall score that translates into no LARS (score 0-20), minor LARS (21-29), and major LARS (30-42) respectively.
6 months
Bladder Dysfunction
Time Frame: 6 months
Self reported Weak urinary stream, stress incontinence, difficulty in postponing urination, dysuria. Assessment of bladder dysfunction was done by the validated questionnaire of International Prostatic Symptoms Score (IPSS) for bladder dysfunction.
6 months
Sexual Dysfunction
Time Frame: 6 months
Self reported no sexual desire, unable to attain erection, unable to ejaculate, dyspareunia. The International Index of Female Sexual Function (IFSF) for females and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) for males.
6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

National Academy of Medical Sciences, Nepal

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Nabin Pokharel, MCh, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital
  • Principal Investigator: Gaurav Katwal, MS, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital
  • Study Director: Subodh K Adhikari, MS, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

December 1, 2014

Primary Completion (Actual)

December 1, 2017

Study Completion (Actual)

December 1, 2017

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

September 17, 2019

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

October 18, 2019

First Posted (Actual)

October 21, 2019

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

October 21, 2019

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

October 18, 2019

Last Verified

March 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 1145

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

Yes

IPD Plan Description

If other researchers are interested in the IPD of our research. They can ask us through our email. We will provide the IPD.

IPD Sharing Time Frame

It can be provided any time if asked via email.

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

The interested researcher should contact the corresponding author.

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • Study Protocol
  • Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP)

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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