Post-Market Surveillance of Tobacco Products

Post-Market Surveillance of Tobacco Products: A Multicenter Clinical Trial of Natural Adopters of Cigarettes, Moist Snuff, Camel SNUS, and Dual Use

This is a multicenter, post market surveillance study designed to evaluate biomarkers of tobacco exposure and effect, health status measurements, and tobacco product usage patterns in subjects who are natural adopters of cigarettes and/or smokeless tobacco. Non tobacco users will serve as a non use comparison group. This study is unblinded by necessity due to the very different visual appearance of the subject's Usual Brand (UB) of tobacco product(s).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Smoking, Tobacco; Smoking Behaviors
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Moist Snuff; Other: Camel Snus; Other: Cigarettes; Other: No tobacco usage

Detailed Description

A total of approximately 320 subjects will be enrolled in parallel in one of the following 6 cohorts based on tobacco usage:

• Exclusive moist snuff users (n=50)
• Exclusive Camel SNUS users (n=50)
• Dual users of Camel SNUS and cigarettes (n=50)
• Dual users of moist snuff and cigarettes (n=50)
• Exclusive cigarette smokers (n=40 males and 20 females)
• Non tobacco users (n=40 males and 20 females)

The study duration will be 5.5 weeks or less, depending upon the study procedures required for the subject's specific cohort. The study duration includes screening up to 35 days prior to clinic check in (Day 1) and a 2 day confinement period of approximately 24 hours (Day 1 and Day 2). Subjects will be discharged in the morning on Day 2.

At the Initial Screening Visit, clinical study staff will perform screening assessments. Tobacco users will be instructed to provide a sufficient supply of their UB product(s) for use during pre-clinic procedures (i.e., pre-clinic used tobacco product collections) and for use during clinic confinement.

Prior to checking in for clinic confinement, subjects will return to the clinic for a Pre-Enrollment Outpatient Visit to assess enrollment eligibility related to the safe completion of triplicate spirometry and to pick up used tobacco product collection kits and/or urine collection containers for pre-clinic collection procedures. Within 14 days prior to clinic admission, subjects will be instructed, depending on their tobacco cohort, to continue smoking and/or using Camel SNUS or moist snuff at their normal rates and to collect their used cigarette butts (1 day collection) and/or used snus pouches (7 day collection), and retain the labeled snuff containers (1 day usage). Subjects will turn in their used tobacco product collections upon clinic check in.

Subjects will report to the clinical research unit in the morning on Day 1 for baseline testing, confirmation of continued study eligibility, check in of their UB tobacco product(s), and return of their urine collection containers and used tobacco product collections. Subjects will be allowed to use their UB tobacco product(s) ad libitum; tobacco products will be stored by clinic staff and will be dispensed subsequent to subject request, as allowed during scheduled study procedures (i.e., questionnaires, spirometry, carboxyhemoglobin, 6MWT [six-minute walk test]). Each UB product usage will be recorded. At approximately 2200, fasting (from all food and drink except water) and tobacco abstention will begin. Subjects must agree to remain abstinent for approximately 8-10 hours and until all Day 2 fasting procedures (i.e., samples for biomarkers of tobacco effect and exposure) have been completed.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 320
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Florida
    • DeLand, Florida, United States, 32720
      • Avail Clinical Research
    • Miramar, Florida, United States, 33025
      • Comprehensive Clinical Development, Inc.
  • Georgia
    • Stockbridge, Georgia, United States, 30281
      • Clinical Research Atlanta
  • Kentucky
    • Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40509
      • Central Kentucky Research Associates (CKRA)
  • Texas
    • Austin, Texas, United States, 78754
      • Community Clinical Research
    • Austin, Texas, United States, 78749
      • Metaclin Research, Inc.

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 17 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Able to comprehend and willing to sign an informed consent form.
2. Male or female subjects at least 19 years of age.
3. Able to safely perform all study procedures, as determined by the site Investigator.
4. Willing to perform all study procedures and to consume only the meals/snacks provided while confined to the clinic.
5. Agree to not use drugs of abuse over the course of the study, and test negative for drugs of abuse.
6. Test negative for breath alcohol (by breathalyzer).
7. For tobacco users: do NOT intend to quit smoking nor intend to quit using oral smokeless tobacco products (STP) leading up to study participation (defined as planning a quit attempt within a month of the Initial Screening Visit).
8. For tobacco users: willing to abstain from tobacco use for up to 10 hours during overnight confinement in the clinic.
9. Able to read, understand, and complete questionnaires in English.

10. Meet cohort specific requirements as follows:

    • Moist Snuff Users: Must be exclusive moist snuff users of any brand, any style, and any flavor who self-report using on average ≥ 1 can per week for at least 6 months prior to study entry, have an expired carbon monoxide (ECO) level of 0 to 5 ppm, and have a positive urine cotinine screen. Note: Subjects with an ECO level of 6 to 10 ppm may be included upon joint review by the Sponsor and Investigator.
    • Camel SNUS Users: Must be exclusive Camel SNUS users of any variety who self report using on average ≥ 1 tin per week for at least 6 months prior to study entry, have an ECO level of 0 to 5 ppm, and have a positive urine cotinine screen. Note: Subjects with an ECO level of 6 to 10 ppm may be included upon joint review by the Sponsor and Investigator.
    • Dual Camel SNUS/Cigarette Users: Must be dual users of Camel SNUS and allowed commercial filtered tobacco burning cigarettes, using on average ≥ 1 tin of Camel SNUS per week and smoking ≥ 5 cigarettes daily for at least 6 months prior to study entry. The subject's ECO level must be from 5 to 100 ppm, and the urine cotinine screen must be positive.
    • Dual Moist Snuff/Cigarette Users: Must be dual users of moist snuff and allowed commercial filtered tobacco burning cigarettes, using on average ≥ 1 can of snuff per week and smoking ≥ 5 cigarettes daily for at least 6 months prior to study entry. The subject's ECO level must be from 5 to 100 ppm, and the urine cotinine screen must be positive.
    • Cigarette Smokers: Must be exclusive cigarette smokers (of allowed commercial filtered tobacco burning cigarettes) who self-report smoking on average ≥ 10 cigarettes daily for at least 6 months prior to study entry, have an ECO level of 10 to 100 ppm, and have a positive urine cotinine screen.
    • Non Tobacco Users: Must be non tobacco users for at least 12 months prior to study entry with an ECO level of 0 to 5 ppm, and have a negative urine cotinine screen. Note: Subjects with an ECO level of 6 to 10 ppm may be included upon joint review by the Sponsor and Investigator.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Use of any type of non-tobacco nicotine-containing product/device (e.g., electronic cigarette) or any nicotine replacement therapy (e.g., nicotine patch, nicotine gum, nicotine spray, nicotine inhaler or nicotine lozenge) within 6 months prior to study entry or during the study.

2. Unable to safely perform the study procedures, as determined by the site Investigator. In general, subjects with any of the conditions listed below will be excluded unless individually approved by the Medical Monitor.

   1. Uncontrolled hypertension (blood pressure > 170/110 mmHg at the Initial Screening Visit).
   2. Unstable coronary artery disease (Class III-IV angina).
   3. Decompensated (Class III-IV) congestive heart failure.
   4. Morbid obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 40 kg/m2).
   5. Uncontrolled diabetes (HgbA1c > 9.0).
   6. Pulmonary disease requiring oxygen therapy or preventing 6 minutes of steady ambulation or preventing completion of triplicate spirometry.
   7. Reduced mobility that impairs satisfactory completion of the 6MWT (six minute walk test), such as:

   i. Clinically significant arthritis of the knee or hip.

   ii. Claudication with walking 6 minutes or less.

   iii. Clinically significant ambulation impairment as sequelae of cerebrovascular accident (CVA), sciatica, peripheral nervous disease, or myopathy.

   iv. Imbalance or other gait disorder requiring assistance of a cane or walker to ambulate.

3. Have a resting heart rate (after being seated for at least 5 minutes) of > 120 beats per minute (bpm).
4. Had a myocardial infarction within the month prior to the Initial Screening Visit through enrollment into the study.
5. Have self reported or clinical indications of psychiatric disorders deemed clinically significant by the site Investigator.
6. Unwilling to perform the study procedures.
7. For females: intend to get pregnant during study period, or are currently pregnant or breast feeding.

8. For cigarette- and dual-users:

   1. use of any charcoal-filtered cigarette (i.e., brands such as Lark, Kent, etc., with the word "charcoal" on the package),
   2. use of any crush-capsule cigarette (such as Camel Crush or Pall Mall Crush), or
   3. use of any non tobacco burning cigarette, including tobacco heating cigarettes (such as Eclipse, Accord, etc.) or electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes such as Smoking Anywhere, Gamucci, NJOY, etc.).
9. For tobacco users: express an interest in quitting smoking or using oral smokeless tobacco (defined as planning a quit attempt within a month of the Initial Screening Visit).
10. Have participated in a clinical study and/or received an investigational product within 30 days of the Initial Screening Visit.

11. Meet cohort specific exclusions as follows:

    • Moist Snuff Users: For 6 months prior to the study through Day 1, the use of any other tobacco- or nicotine-containing product or device other than moist snuff (of any brand, style, and flavor), including tobacco-burning cigarettes, tobacco-heating cigarettes, e cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco, dry snuff, snus, etc.; a negative urine cotinine screen; or an ECO greater than 5 ppm (ECO of 6 to 10 ppm may not exclude based upon joint review by the Sponsor and Investigator).
    • Camel SNUS Users: For 6 months prior to the study through Day 1, the use of any tobacco- or nicotine-containing product or device other than Camel SNUS (of any variety), including tobacco-burning cigarettes, tobacco-heating cigarettes, e cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco, dry snuff, moist snuff, other snus brands, etc.; a negative urine cotinine screen; or an ECO greater than 5 ppm (ECO of 6 to 10 ppm may not exclude based upon joint review by the Sponsor and Investigator).
    • Dual Camel SNUS/Cigarette Users: For 6 months prior to the study through Day 1, the use of any tobacco- or nicotine-containing product or device other than Camel SNUS (of any variety) and tobacco burning cigarettes (allowed commercial filtered cigarettes), including tobacco-heating cigarettes, e cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco, dry snuff, moist snuff, other snus brands, etc.; a negative urine cotinine screen; or an ECO less than 5 or greater than 100 ppm.
    • Dual Moist Snuff/Cigarette Users: For 6 months prior to the study through Day 1, the use of any tobacco- or nicotine-containing product or device other than moist snuff (of any brand, style, and flavor) and tobacco burning cigarettes (allowed commercial filtered cigarettes), including tobacco-heating cigarettes, e cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco, dry snuff, snus, etc.; a negative urine cotinine screen; or an ECO less than 5 or greater than 100 ppm.
    • Cigarette Smokers: For 6 months prior to the study through Day 1, the use of any tobacco- or nicotine-containing product or device other than tobacco burning cigarettes (allowed commercial filtered cigarettes), including tobacco-heating cigarettes, e cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco, dry snuff, moist snuff, snus, etc.; a negative urine cotinine screen; or an ECO less than 10 or greater than 100 ppm.
    • Non Tobacco Users: In their lifetime, the use of more than 20 packs of cigarettes; the use of more than 10 cans, tins, or packs of any smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco, dry snuff, moist snuff, snus); the use of more than 20 cigars; the use of more than 20 pipes of tobacco; the use of any nicotine replacement therapy, the use of any e cigarette, or use of any combination thereof; a positive urine cotinine screen; or an ECO greater than 5 ppm (ECO of 6 to 10 ppm may not exclude based upon joint review by the Sponsor and Investigator).

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

6

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Other: Moist Snuff users; Subjects for whom moist snuff is their usual brand of tobacco product.	Other: Moist Snuff; Moist Snuff product
Other: Camel Snus users; Subjects for whom Camel Snus is their usual brand of tobacco product.	Other: Camel Snus; Camel Snus product
Other: Dual users of Camel Snus and cigarette; Subjects who use both Camel Snus and cigarettes as their usual brands of tobacco products.	Other: Camel Snus; Camel Snus product; Other: Cigarettes; Cigarette product
Other: Dual users of moist snuff and cigarettes; Subjects who use both moist snuff and cigarettes as their usual brands of tobacco products.	Other: Moist Snuff; Moist Snuff product; Other: Cigarettes; Cigarette product
Other: Cigarette smokers; Subjects for whom cigarettes is their usual brand of tobacco product.	Other: Cigarettes; Cigarette product
Other: Non-tobacco users; Subjects who do not use tobacco products.	Other: No tobacco usage; No tobacco usage

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Urine creatinine	To establish baseline values for tobacco exposure biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Urine nicotine and 9 metabolites	To establish baseline values for tobacco exposure biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Tobacco specific nitrosamines in urine	To establish baseline values for tobacco exposure biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Acrolein metabolite and acrylamide metabolites in urine	To establish baseline values for tobacco exposure biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Crotonaldehyde metabolite in urine	To establish baseline values for tobacco exposure biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Benzene metabolite in urine	To establish baseline values for tobacco exposure biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
1,3 Butadiene metabolites in urine	To establish baseline values for tobacco exposure biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Aromatic amines in urine	To establish baseline values for tobacco exposure biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons metabolites in urine	To establish baseline values for tobacco exposure biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Thiocyanate in urine	To establish baseline values for tobacco exposure biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Urinary mutagen uptake in strains TA98 and YG1024	To establish baseline values for tobacco exposure biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Isoprostanes and metabolites; prostaglandin PGF2alpha in urine	To establish baseline values for tobacco effect biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Blood nicotine and cotinine	To establish baseline values for tobacco exposure biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Thiocyanate in blood	To establish baseline values for tobacco exposure biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Carboxyhemoglobin in blood	To establish baseline values for tobacco exposure biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
4-Aminobiphenyl hemoglobin adducts in blood	To establish baseline values for tobacco effect biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Amino Acids in blood	To establish baseline values for tobacco effect biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Glycated hemoglobin in blood	To establish baseline values for tobacco effect biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Total cholesterol in blood	To establish baseline values for tobacco effect biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Triglycerides in blood	To establish baseline values for tobacco effect biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol in blood	To establish baseline values for tobacco effect biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
High density lipoprotein cholesterol in blood	To establish baseline values for tobacco effect biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol in blood	To establish baseline values for tobacco effect biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Apolipoprotein A1 in blood	To establish baseline values for tobacco effect biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Apolipoprotein A2 in blood	To establish baseline values for tobacco effect biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Apolipoprotein B100 in blood	To establish baseline values for tobacco effect biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Lipoprotein(a) in blood	To establish baseline values for tobacco effect biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Oxidized low density lipoprotein in blood	To establish baseline values for tobacco effect biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Folate in blood	To establish baseline values for tobacco effect biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Fibrinogen in blood	To establish baseline values for tobacco effect biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 in blood	To establish baseline values for tobacco effect biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
hsC-reactive protein in blood	To establish baseline values for tobacco effect biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
alpha-1-antitrypsin in blood	To establish baseline values for tobacco effect biomarker levels of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Tar (mg/day) and nicotine (mg/day) from subject's in-clinic cigarette use OR nicotine (mg/day) from subject's in-clinic snus use	To establish baseline values for mouth-level exposure of natural adopters for the product classes of cigarettes and snus.	After 1 day of product usage
Functional capacity of subjects completing a 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) as assessed by the Dyspnea Modified Borg Scale, pre- and post-6MWT.	To establish baseline values for health status of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Functional capacity of subjects completing a 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) as assessed by the Overall Fatigue Modified Borg Scale, pre- and post-6MWT.	To establish baseline values for health status of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Functional capacity of subjects completing a 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) as assessed by heart rate (beats/minute), pre- and post-6MWT.	To establish baseline values for health status of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Functional capacity of subjects completing a 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) as assessed by oxygen saturation (% SpO2), pre- and post-6MWT.	To establish baseline values for health status of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Functional capacity of subjects completing a 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) as assessed by spirometry (FEV1 % predicted), pre- and post-6MWT.	To establish baseline values for health status of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Functional capacity of subjects completing a 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) as assessed by spirometry (FEV1 /FVC ratio), pre- and post-6MWT.	To establish baseline values for health status of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Current self-reported health status as measured by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence.	To establish baseline values for health status of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Current self-reported health status as measured by the Smoking Cessation Quality of Life Questionnaire (SCQoL, inclusive of the Short Form Health Survey [SF-36v2]).	To establish baseline values for health status of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage
Current self-reported health status as measured by the American Thoracic Society Division of Lung Disease Questionnaire (ATS-DLD-78-A).	To establish baseline values for health status of natural adopters of each product class and of non-tobacco users.	After 1 day of product usage

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: RAI Services Company

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 13, 2010
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 14, 2010
• Study Completion (Actual): August 14, 2010

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 4, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 31, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): February 5, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 5, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 31, 2020
• Last Verified: January 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: CSD0904

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No