Egg Consumption and Muscular Adaptations

Comparison of Whole Eggs vs. Egg Whites Consumption on Regulatory Myokines, Muscular Strength, Hypertrophy, Power and Body Composition.

Eggs may be a viable alternative to various types of supplemental proteins given its similar ratings on various measures of dietary protein quality.

The investigators hypothesis is that whole eggs would create a greater improvement in skeletal regulatory markers, hormonal responses and body composition than egg white ingestion in resistance-trained men.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Hypertrophy
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Whole egg and resistance training; Dietary supplement: Egg whites and resistance training

Detailed Description

The aim of this investigation was to compare the effects of whole egg versus egg white ingestion (daily and after training sessions) during 12 weeks of resistance training on skeletal muscle regulatory markers, hormonal responses and body composition in resistance-trained men. Specific aims of the study are to:

To investigate the extent to which both whole egg and egg white ingestion will improve anabolic factors, fat free mass, fat mass and decrease catabolic markers after 12 weeks of resistance training in resistance-trained men.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 30
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Virginia
    • Arlington, Virginia, United States, 22207
      • Marymount University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 years to 28 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• performing resistance training at least three times a week for 1 year prior to the start of the study
• not taking any dietary supplements or medications for at least 1 year prior to the start of the study
• no known medical issues
• no alcohol consumption or smoking for at least 1 year prior to the start of the study
• no egg allergy/sensitivity.

Exclusion Criteria:

• non-willingness to continue nutritional or exercise protocols
• participation in exercise other than the prescribed resistance training program
• consumption of dietary supplement (other than egg) during the study period
• Missing more than one resistance training session or post-exercise egg consumption throughout the study period

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Whole egg consumption; This arm involved whole egg consumption concomitant with 12 weeks of resistance training. Subject ingested three whole eggs per day immediately after resistance training.	Dietary supplement: Whole egg and resistance training; This intervention consisted of whole egg consumption concomitant with 12 weeks of resistance training. Subject ingested three whole eggs per day immediately after resistance training.
Experimental: Egg whites consumption; This arm involved egg white consumption concomitant with 12 weeks of resistance training. Subject ingested an isonitrogenous quantity of six egg whites per day immediately after resistance training.	Dietary supplement: Egg whites and resistance training; This intervention consisted of egg white consumption concomitant with 12 weeks of resistance training. Subject ingested an isonitrogenous quantity of six egg whites per day immediately after resistance training.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Circulatory Myokines levels	Fasting blood samples were collected from the antecubital vein using standard procedures and then analized to establish concentration of myostatin, follistatin, FGF-2, TGF-β1 and ACVA.	12 weeks
Circulatory hormone levels	Fasting blood samples were collected from the antecubital vein using standard procedures and then analized to establish concentrations of testosterone, IGF-1, insulin and cortisol	12 weeks
Muscle mass	Skeletal muscle mass will be evaluated using computed tomography	12 weeks
Body fatness	Body fat will be evaluated using bioelectrical impedance	12 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Muscular Strength	Using 1 repetition maximum	12 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Alexei Wong
• Collaborators: Tehran University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Bagheri R, Hooshmand Moghadam B, Ashtary-Larky D, Forbes SC, Candow DG, Galpin AJ, Eskandari M, Kreider RB, Wong A. Whole Egg Vs. Egg White Ingestion During 12 weeks of Resistance Training in Trained Young Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Strength Cond Res. 2021 Feb 1;35(2):411-419. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003922.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 10, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 2, 2019
• Study Completion (Actual): October 2, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 1, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 5, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): May 8, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 8, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 5, 2020
• Last Verified: May 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathological Conditions, Anatomical; Hypertrophy
• Other Study ID Numbers: 11/27498

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No