Developing and Validating VR-Enabled Ophthalmic Clinics: A New Paradigm for Visual Function Testing

This study aimed to design and validate a VR-based ophthalmic clinic that replicates traditional tests of visual acuity, stereopsis, and contrast sensitivity within an immersive digital environment. Using a rigorously developed system based onprogrammable interfaces, and standardized testing paradigms, we compared VR assessments against gold-standard clinical tools in a cohort of healthy adult participants. Key outcomes included test consistency, correlation, user acceptability, visual fatigue, and time efficiency. Our findings offer evidence for the viability of VR as a platform for remote ophthalmic testing and pave the way for scalable digital eye care delivery.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Visual Health of Virtual Reality
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Watch VR movies/ Play VR games

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 36
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• China
  • Guangdong
    • Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510000
      • Zhongshan Opthalmic Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 60 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• The study included healthy individuals older than 18 years of age with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of <0.1 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) and no ongoing or prior history of ocular or systemic disease.

Exclusion Criteria:

• The study excluded healthy individuals younger than 18 years of age with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of >0.1 logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) with ongoing or prior history of ocular or systemic disease.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Factorial Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

5

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: GROUP1	Behavioral: Watch VR movies/ Play VR games; The healthy individuals will watch VR movies or play VR games with different Physical parameters for 60 minutes.
Experimental: GROUP2	Behavioral: Watch VR movies/ Play VR games; The healthy individuals will watch VR movies or play VR games with different Physical parameters for 60 minutes.
Experimental: GROUP3	Behavioral: Watch VR movies/ Play VR games; The healthy individuals will watch VR movies or play VR games with different Physical parameters for 60 minutes.
Experimental: GROUP4	Behavioral: Watch VR movies/ Play VR games; The healthy individuals will watch VR movies or play VR games with different Physical parameters for 60 minutes.
Experimental: GROUP5	Behavioral: Watch VR movies/ Play VR games; The healthy individuals will watch VR movies or play VR games with different Physical parameters for 60 minutes.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Accommodative Response	The actual amount of accommodation that exists is measured with a skiascope	60 min
AC/A Ratio	The ratio of accommodation convergence to accommodation is measured and calculated by maddox	60 min

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 1, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 31, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): December 31, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 24, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 27, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): August 28, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 11, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 6, 2025
• Last Verified: January 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: 2020KYPJ092

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No