Nutritional Assessment and Impact of the Mediterranean Diet on Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

1. Assessment of nutritional status among patients with inflammatory bowel disease using different nutritional assessment tools.
2. Assessment of correlation between nutritional status and disease severity.
3. Assessment of the impact of the Mediterranean diet on the nutritional status of the patients after 3 months.

Study Overview

• Status: Unknown
• Conditions: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Mediterranean diet

Detailed Description

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprise a variety of disorders that result from the continuous activation of the immunoinflammatory cascade, whose etiology has not been defined in some cases. Classical IBD include Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and indeterminate colitis. These diseases are chronic and are characterized by alternating periods of recurrence and remission.

The European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) defined malnutrition as a state resulting from lack of uptake or intake of nutrition leading to altered body composition (decreased fat-free mass and body cell mass), resulting in diminished physical and mental function and impaired clinical outcome from disease.

The prevalence of Malnutrition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is very high. it presents in up to 70% of patients with active disease and up to 38% in patients with remission.

Several factors contribute to the malnutrition in IBD including insufficient nutrient intake as a consequence of impaired appetite (anorexia, stomachache), short bowel syndrome, impaired nutrient absorption (diarrhea, villus atrophy, bowel resection, intestinal flora overgrowth), increased nutrient losses (bleeding, fistulae), and food-drug interaction.

Malnutrition in IBD has been associated with several adverse clinical outcomes. IBD patients with nutritional deficiencies may present with higher mortality rate, length of stay in the hospital, infectious rate, and even thromboembolic events than those without nutritional deficiencies. Furthermore, undernutrition in patients with postoperative conditions has been associated with increased complications such as anastomotic leakage and breakdown, infection including sepsis and pneumonia, prolonged hospitalization, and increased mortality.

IBD is clearly associated with intestinal dysbiosis. Changes in the microbiome have a pivotal role in determining the onset of the pathology, when the genetic background of the individual makes him/her predisposed and other concomitant environmental factors intervene. Results of studies aimed at characterizing the microbiota of patients suffering from IBD, even sometimes with checkered results, indicate a generalized decrease in biodiversity, measured by an appropriate parameter-alpha-as well as a reduction in specific taxa including Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus and Eubacterium. IBD patients also present a reduction in species producing butyrate, a short chain fatty acid positively modulating intestinal homeostasis and reducing inflammation.

Regarding environmental factors, accumulating data have proven that various nutritional components in diet can play a significant role in the development and clinical course of IBD. Dietary nutrients alter the composition of the gut microbiota and intestinal permeability, influencing the interaction between the host and gut microbiota.

The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is a nutritional model inspired by the traditional dietary pattern of some of the countries of the Mediterranean basin. Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) gather the following characteristics: abundant consumption of olive oil and high consumption of fruits, vegetables, cereals (preferably as whole grain), legumes, nuts and seeds. The MDP also includes moderate consumption of fish and shellfish, white meat, eggs, and fermented dairy products (cheese and yogurt), as well as relatively small amounts of red meat, processed meats, and foods rich in sugars. Frequent but moderate intake of wine, especially red wine with meals is also recommended.

Results from clinical and translational research on the Mediterranean diet point to its possible meaningful use in managing IBD, and thus additional studies could have the potential to add further insights to the field. Concerning published data, it was observed that 153 Italian healthy subjects were investigated for their dietary habits and their gut microbiota was assessed, and high-level adherence to a Mediterranean diet was found to beneficially impact the gut microbiota and associated metabolome. These studies provided the first concrete evidence for the interconnection between Mediterranean dietary patterns, gut microbiota and microbial metabolites as they observed that the consumption of fruit, vegetables and legumes by subjects with satisfactory adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with an increase in fecal SCFA levels, an effect that was likely boosted by bacteria belonging to both the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes capable of degrading carbohydrates not digestible by the host. When eight adult patients suffering from CD followed the Mediterranean diet for 6 weeks, their transcriptome analysis showed a change in expression of more than 3000 genes; changes in the intestinal microbiota, although not significant, showed a trend towards normalization with an increase in the expression of Bacteroidetes (17.89% to 18.74%), Clostridium cluster IV (19.2% to 21.86%) and Clostridium cluster XIVa (26.78% to 28.79%) and a decrease in the abundance of Proteobacteria (5.93% to 5.48%) and Bacillaceae (4.65% to 4.21%).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 50
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Yasmin A M Osman, assistant lecturer; Phone Number: 01099088852; Email: yasmineashraf.7@gmail.com
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Abeer Sh Abd Elrehim, Assistant professor; Phone Number: 01027745849; Email: sharafabeer@yahoo.com

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 years to 53 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• patients with inflammatory bowel disease between 18 to 55 years

Exclusion Criteria:

• presence of other diseases that affect the nutritional status of the patients like diabetes mellitus, liver cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, and malignancy

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: controlled group; patients with IBD who will be assessed for their nutritional status at day 0 and after 3 months of medical management only
Experimental: experimental group; patients with IBD who will be assessed for their nutritional status at day 0 and after 3 months of medical management and nutritional management in the form of the Mediterranean diet	Dietary supplement: Mediterranean diet; The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is a nutritional model inspired by the traditional dietary pattern of some of the countries of the Mediterranean basin. Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) gather the following characteristics: abundant consumption of olive oil and high consumption of fruits, vegetables, cereals (preferably as whole grain), legumes, nuts and seeds. The MDP also includes moderate consumption of fish and shellfish, white meat, eggs, and fermented dairy products (cheese and yogurt), as well as relatively small amounts of red meat, processed meats, and foods rich in sugars. Frequent but moderate intake of wine, especially red wine with meals is also recommended

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Assessment of nutritional status among patients with inflammatory bowel disease using body weight	current body weight in kilograms will be measured	Two time points: Change in body weight at patient presentation and after 3 months of medical management only
Assessment of nutritional status among patients with inflammatory bowel disease using body mass index (BMI)	current body weight in kilograms and height in meters will be measured BMI is calculated in kg/m2	Two time points: Change in BMI at patient presentation and after 3 months of medical management only
Assessment of nutritional status among patients with inflammatory bowel disease using the anthropometric measures	triceps skin fold thickness (TST) in mm, mid arm circumference(MAC) in cm and mid arm muscle circumference in cm (MAMC) MAMC (cm) = MAC(cm) - { 0.314 X TST(mm) }.	Two time points: Change in the anthropometric parameters at patient presentation and after 3 months of medical management only
Assessment of nutritional status among patients with inflammatory bowel disease using prognostic nutritional index (PNI)	prognostic nutritional index (PNI) which is score derived from total lymphocytic count (TLC)and serum albumin (PNI = albumin g/dl x 10 + TLC/µL x 0.005)	Two time points: Change in PNI score at patient presentation and after 3 months of medical management only
Assessment of nutritional status among patients with inflammatory bowel disease using controlling nutritional status(CONUT)	controlling nutritional status (CONUT) is also a score derived from total lymphocytic count, serum albumin and blood cholesterol level	Two time points: Change in CONUT score at patient presentation and after 3 months of medical management only

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Assessment of the impact of Mediterranean diet on the nutritional status for patients who received the Mediterranean diet after 3 months	This assessment is based on an individualised scoring system of 7 points for the measured nutritional parameters, in which patients who have > 3 points are considered to have a better outcome.	after 3 months of medical and Mediterranean diet management

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Yasmin Ashraf Mahmoud Osman

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Lee D, Albenberg L, Compher C, Baldassano R, Piccoli D, Lewis JD, Wu GD. Diet in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology. 2015 May;148(6):1087-106. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.01.007. Epub 2015 Jan 15.
• Lane ER, Zisman TL, Suskind DL. The microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: current and therapeutic insights. J Inflamm Res. 2017 Jun 10;10:63-73. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S116088. eCollection 2017.
• Weber AT, Shah ND, Sauk J, Limketkai BN. Popular Diet Trends for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Claims and Evidence. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2019 Dec;17(4):564-576. doi: 10.1007/s11938-019-00248-z.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Anticipated): October 1, 2021
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): November 1, 2021
• Study Completion (Anticipated): December 1, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 6, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 10, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): September 17, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 21, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 19, 2021
• Last Verified: September 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Digestive System Diseases; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastroenteritis; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Diseases
• Other Study ID Numbers: nutrition and IBD

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No