Sonographic Evaluation Of Nerve Thickness In Traumatic Lower-Limb Amputees

Sonographic Evaluation Of Nerve Thickness In Traumatic Lower-Limb Amputees: a Clinical and Sonographic-controlled Study

Lower limb amputation (LLA) commonly affects young and active people who have long life expectancy. It is a major surgery causing many functional deficiencies which can reduce overall health quality and physical condition of the wounded persons and necessitating a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme. High-frequency ultrasonography (US) is useful in evaluating peripheral nerves because of it has many superiority to other techniques. The advantages of US is; it has high resolution but no ionized radiation. It is possible to make dynamic and real-time imaging. It was showed that US have the same specificity and more sensitivity than magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in evaluating peripheral nerves. The aim of this study is to evaluate the sciatic, tibial and peroneal nerves of traumatic lower-limb amputees with the help of sonography and find the relationship between sonographic values and clinical characteristics.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Amputation, Traumatic
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: ultrasonography

Detailed Description

A total of thirty-three participants (age range 18-65) who had lower extremity amputation due to traumatic injury and were followed up in tertiary amputee clinic were included in this cross-sectional trial. The study was conducted between April 2019 and April 2020. Participants were totally volunteers and informed about the nature of the study. Written informed consent was obtained prior to assessment from all individuals. The study was conducted by the latest version of the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki protocol. All procedures were in consistency with the Helsinki Declarations of 1975. The study was approved by the local ethical committee.

All patients had completed stump healing. Patients with any disease affecting the peripheral nerves (eg, diabetes mellitus, infections, metabolic problems, inherited causes, and exposure to toxins) were excluded.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants including age, gender, amputation findings (etiology, time since amputation, level, and side), prosthesis use findings (time since prosthesis use, daily use time, type, type of liner, prosthetic foot type), and functional K level of activity after amputation were recorded.

The presence, etiology, and duration of pain were questioned, and the intensity of pain was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS). Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) was used to evaluate neuropathic pain for the residual limb. The patient's satisfaction with the current prosthesis was evaluated numerically between 0 (not satisfied at all) and 10 (completely satisfied).

All ultrasonographic examinations were performed by a single physiatrist experienced in musculoskeletal sonography. A 5-12 MHz linear transducer (Logic e portable; GE Healthcare, China) was used. To optimize image quality, minimal pressure was applied to the transducer. Each examination was performed bilaterally while patients were in the prone position. The full course of the sciatic nerve (SN), tibial nerve (TN), and common peroneal nerve (CPN) was assessed in a craniocaudal direction starting from the subgluteal fold to the popliteal fossa. The probe was placed axially on the nerves (perpendicular to the nerve) and the cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured at the same level proximal to the bifurcation for the SN (Figure 1), and at a point distal to the bifurcation of the SN for the TN and CPN (Figure 2). The values from the normal sides were accepted as controls. The presence of a neuroma was also evaluated throughout the nerve, particularly at the distal ends.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 33

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Çankaya/turkey
    • Ankara, Çankaya/turkey, Turkey, 06100
      • Gaziler PMR, Training and Research Hospital, Department of PMR

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

A total of thirty-three participants (age range 18-65) who had lower extremity amputation due to traumatic injury and were followed up in tertiary amputee clinic were included in this cross-sectional trial. All patients had completed stump healing. Patients with any disease affecting the peripheral nerves (eg, diabetes mellitus, infections, metabolic problems, inherited causes, and exposure to toxins) were excluded.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients between the ages of 18-65
• Patients who have been followed up for at least 3 months with the diagnosis of unilateral transtibial amputation
• Patients who have been using prostheses for at least 3 months

Exclusion Criteria:

• Bilateral amputation
• Previous history of any trauma/surgical history of the lower extremities (other than amputation)
• Rheumatic diseases
• Contracture of the knee and the ankle of the intact limb .Presence of comorbid diseases that may cause peripheral nerve lesions ( e.g diabetis mellitus, using alcohol, thyroid diseases...)

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Case-Crossover
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Sciatic nerve (SN), tibial nerve (TN), and common peroneal nerve (CPN) thickness measurements	Sciatic nerve (SN), tibial nerve (TN), and common peroneal nerve (CPN) thickness and cross sectional area measurements will be performed by using ultrasound.	through study completion, an average of one and a half months]

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Visual analog scale (VAS)	The Visual analog scale (VAS) will be used for the assessment of the intensity of pain	through study completion, an average of one and a half months
Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS)	The Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) will be used to evaluate neuropathic pain for the residual limb.	through study completion, an average of one and a half months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Gaziler Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Education and Research Hospital
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: sefa Gümrük Aslan, MD, Gaziler PMR, Training and Research Hospital, Department of PMR

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 1, 2019
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 1, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): April 1, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 21, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 21, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): October 26, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 26, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 21, 2020
• Last Verified: October 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Prosthesis; ultrasonography; Amputation; peripheral nerves
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Wounds and Injuries; Amputation, Traumatic
• Other Study ID Numbers: 6

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No