- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT04663555
Effect of Two Different Doses of Dexamethasone in Patients With ARDS and COVID-19 (REMED)
Effect of Dexamethasone in Patients With ARDS and COVID-19 - Prospective, Multi-centre, Open-label, Parallel-group, Randomized Controlled Trial (REMED Trial)
Study Overview
Detailed Description
Since December 2019, Covid-19 virus has infected millions of people worldwide. A significant number of patients develop hyperinflammatory state affecting lungs, which may lead to the need of oxygen therapy. In most severe cases, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) develops and high flow oxygen therapy or invasive mechanical ventilation is necessary (Wu et al., 2020). Therapeutic options in Covid-19 associated ARDS patients remain limited and mortality is still excessive. Systemic corticosteroids have potential to limit hyperinflammatory response by modulating immune system. This effect is mediated mainly by binding to glucocorticosteroid receptor α (GRα)(Meduri et al., 2020). Their effectiveness was proved in heterogeneous ARDS patients recently (Villar et al., 2020). In patients with Covid-19 pneumonia in need for oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation, dexamethasone 6 mg per day is currently recommended. This therapy is mandated by the results of RECOVERY trial (Horby et al., 2020). After this trial was published, three randomised trials comparing hydrocortisone (Angus et al., 2020; Dequin et al., 2020) or dexamethasone (Tomazini et al., 2020) against placebo were stopped prematurely. All these studies were included in the subsequent IPD metaanalysis (Sterne et al., 2020). However, dose of 6 mg of dexamethasone is currently being reappraised. The aforementioned study in non Covid-19 ARDS patients (Villar et al., 2020) used 20 mg of dexamethasone per day, which is roughly equivalent to the methylprednisolone regimen (1mg/kg/day) studied in early severe ARDS patients (Meduri et al., 2007). Only these moderate doses (80-100 mg of methylprednisolone, equivalent to 15-19 mg of dexamethasone) have full potential to modulate immune response by saturating GRα receptors (Meduri et al., 2020). Importantly, prematurely stopped CoDEX trial (Tomazini et al., 2020) comparing dexamethasone against placebo in Covid-ARDS patients, used initial daily dose of 20 mg of dexamethasone versus placebo.
In the light of these facts, 6 mg of dexamethasone given to COVID-19 patients with different severity of illness (WHO classification group 5-10) may miss important therapeutic potential or may prevent a potential deleterious effects of a full dose therapeutic corticosteroid. Authors hypothesize that the patients with moderate to severe ARDS undergoing mechanical ventilation may benefit from higher doses of dexamethasone (Villar et al., 2020; Tomazini et al., 2020; Meduri et al., 2007).
The primary objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that administration of dexamethasone 20 mg is superior over 6 mg in adult patients with moderate or severe ARDS due to confirmed COVID-19.
Primary endpoint: Number of ventilator-free days (VFDs) at 28 days after randomisation, defined as being alive and free from mechanical ventilation (more than 48 hours).
Secondary endpoints:
- Mortality from any cause at 60 days after randomization;
- Dynamics of inflammatory marker (CRP) change from Day 1 to Day 14;
- WHO Clinical Progression Scale at Day 14 (range 0-10; 0 = no illness, 1-9 = increasing level of care, and 10 = death);
- Adverse events related to corticosteroids (new infections, new thrombotic complications) until Day 28 or hospital discharge;
- Independence at 90 days after randomization assessed by Barthel Index The long-term outcomes of this study are to assess long-term consequences on mortality and quality of life at 180 and 360 days through telephone structured interview using Barthel Index.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Phase 4
Contacts and Locations
Study Contact
- Name: Jan Maláska, MD, PhD, EDIC
- Phone Number: +420723784101
- Email: jan.malaska@gmail.com
Study Contact Backup
- Name: Jan Stašek, MD, PhD, EDIC
- Phone Number: +420532232009
- Email: janstasek@centrum.cz
Study Locations
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Brno, Czechia, 62500
- University Hospital Brno
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion criteria:
Subjects will be eligible for the trial if they meet all of the following criteria:
- Adult (≥ 18 years of age) at time of enrolment;
- Present COVID-19 (infection confirmed by RT-PCR or antigen testing);
- Intubation/mechanical ventilation or ongoing high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy;
Moderate or severe ARDS according to Berlin criteria:
- Moderate - PaO2/FiO2 100-200 mmHg;
- Severe - PaO2/FiO2 < 100 mmHg;
- Admission to ICU in the last 24 hours.
Exclusion criteria:
Subjects will not be eligible for the trial if they meet any of the following criteria:
- Known allergy/hypersensitivity to dexamethasone or excipients of the investigational medicinal product (e.g. parabens, benzyl alcohol);
- Fulfilled criteria for ARDS for ≥ 14 days at enrolment;
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding;
- Unwillingness to comply with contraception measurements from the enrolment to at least 1 week after the last dose of dexamethasone (sexual abstinence is considered as the adequate contraception method);
- End-of-life decision or patient is expected to die within next 24 hours;
- Decision not to intubate or ceilings of treatment in place;
Immunosuppression and/or immunosuppressive drugs in medical history:
- Systemic immunosuppressive drugs or chemotherapy in the past 30 days;
- Systemic corticosteroids use before hospitalization;
- Any dose of dexamethasone during the present hospital stay for COVID-19 for more than (≥) last 5 days before enrolment;
- Systemic corticosteroids during present hospital stay for other conditions than COVID-19 (e.g. septic shock);
- Present haematological or generalized solid malignancy;
Any of contraindications of corticosteroids, e.g.
- intractable hyperglycaemia;
- active gastrointestinal bleeding;
- adrenal gland disorders;
- a presence of superinfection diagnosed with locally established clinical and laboratory criteria without adequate antimicrobial treatment;
- Cardiac arrest before ICU admission;
- Participation in another interventional trial in the last 30 days.
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
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Experimental: DEX 20 mg
Patients in the intervention group after randomization will receive dexamethasone 20 mg intravenously once daily on day 1-5, followed by dexamethasone 10 mg intravenously once daily on day 6-10.
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Patients in the intervention group after randomization will receive dexamethasone 20 mg intravenously once daily on day 1-5, followed by dexamethasone 10 mg intravenously once daily on day 6-10.
If successful extubation occurs before day 10, treatment with dexamethasone is withdrawn.
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Active Comparator: DEX 6 mg
Patients in the control group after randomization will receive dexamethasone 6 mg day 1-10.
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Patients in the intervention group after randomization will receive dexamethasone 20 mg intravenously once daily on day 1-5, followed by dexamethasone 10 mg intravenously once daily on day 6-10.
If successful extubation occurs before day 10, treatment with dexamethasone is withdrawn.
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Number of ventilator-free days (VFDs) at 28 days after randomization
Time Frame: 28 days
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Number of ventilator-free days (VFDs) at 28 days after randomisation, defined as being alive and free from mechanical ventilation (more than 48 hours)
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28 days
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Mortality from any cause at 60 days after randomization
Time Frame: 60 days
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60 days
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WHO clinical progression scale at day 14
Time Frame: 14 days
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WHO clinical progression scale (range, 0-10, where 0 = no illness, 1-9 = increasing level of care, and 10 = death) (WHO Working Group on the Clinical Characterisation and Management of COVID-19 infection, 2020) assessed at day 14
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14 days
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Dynamics of inflammatory marker
Time Frame: 14 days
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Dynamics of inflammatory marker (CRP) change from Day 1 to Day 14
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14 days
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Adverse events related to corticosteroids
Time Frame: 28 days
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new infections, new thrombotic complications
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28 days
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Functional independence
Time Frame: 90 days
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Independence at 90 days after randomization assessed by Barthel Index
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90 days
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Other Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Long-term outcome regarding mortality
Time Frame: 180 and 360 days
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Death from any cause at 180 and 360 days
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180 and 360 days
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Long-term outcome regarding functional independence
Time Frame: 180 and 360 days
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Functional independence at 180 and 360 days assesed through telephone structured interview using Barthel Index.
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180 and 360 days
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Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Collaborators
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, Xu S, Huang H, Zhang L, Zhou X, Du C, Zhang Y, Song J, Wang S, Chao Y, Yang Z, Xu J, Zhou X, Chen D, Xiong W, Xu L, Zhou F, Jiang J, Bai C, Zheng J, Song Y. Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020 Jul 1;180(7):934-943. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994. Erratum In: JAMA Intern Med. 2020 Jul 1;180(7):1031.
- Villar J, Ferrando C, Martinez D, Ambros A, Munoz T, Soler JA, Aguilar G, Alba F, Gonzalez-Higueras E, Conesa LA, Martin-Rodriguez C, Diaz-Dominguez FJ, Serna-Grande P, Rivas R, Ferreres J, Belda J, Capilla L, Tallet A, Anon JM, Fernandez RL, Gonzalez-Martin JM; dexamethasone in ARDS network. Dexamethasone treatment for the acute respiratory distress syndrome: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Mar;8(3):267-276. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30417-5. Epub 2020 Feb 7.
- Dequin PF, Heming N, Meziani F, Plantefeve G, Voiriot G, Badie J, Francois B, Aubron C, Ricard JD, Ehrmann S, Jouan Y, Guillon A, Leclerc M, Coffre C, Bourgoin H, Lengelle C, Caille-Fenerol C, Tavernier E, Zohar S, Giraudeau B, Annane D, Le Gouge A; CAPE COVID Trial Group and the CRICS-TriGGERSep Network. Effect of Hydrocortisone on 21-Day Mortality or Respiratory Support Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020 Oct 6;324(13):1298-1306. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.16761.
- Tomazini BM, Maia IS, Cavalcanti AB, Berwanger O, Rosa RG, Veiga VC, Avezum A, Lopes RD, Bueno FR, Silva MVAO, Baldassare FP, Costa ELV, Moura RAB, Honorato MO, Costa AN, Damiani LP, Lisboa T, Kawano-Dourado L, Zampieri FG, Olivato GB, Righy C, Amendola CP, Roepke RML, Freitas DHM, Forte DN, Freitas FGR, Fernandes CCF, Melro LMG, Junior GFS, Morais DC, Zung S, Machado FR, Azevedo LCP; COALITION COVID-19 Brazil III Investigators. Effect of Dexamethasone on Days Alive and Ventilator-Free in Patients With Moderate or Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and COVID-19: The CoDEX Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020 Oct 6;324(13):1307-1316. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.17021.
- Meduri GU, Golden E, Freire AX, Taylor E, Zaman M, Carson SJ, Gibson M, Umberger R. Methylprednisolone infusion in early severe ARDS: results of a randomized controlled trial. Chest. 2007 Apr;131(4):954-63. doi: 10.1378/chest.06-2100.
- Harhay MO, Casey JD, Clement M, Collins SP, Gayat E, Gong MN, Jaber S, Laterre PF, Marshall JC, Matthay MA, Monroe RE, Rice TW, Rubin E, Self WH, Mebazaa A. Contemporary strategies to improve clinical trial design for critical care research: insights from the First Critical Care Clinical Trialists Workshop. Intensive Care Med. 2020 May;46(5):930-942. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-05934-6. Epub 2020 Feb 18.
- Yehya N, Harhay MO, Curley MAQ, Schoenfeld DA, Reeder RW. Reappraisal of Ventilator-Free Days in Critical Care Research. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Oct 1;200(7):828-836. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201810-2050CP.
- Malaska J, Stasek J, Duska F, Balik M, Maca J, Hruda J, Vymazal T, Klementova O, Zatloukal J, Gabrhelik T, Novotny P, Demlova R, Kubatova J, Vinklerova J, Svobodnik A, Kratochvil M, Klucka J, Gal R, Singer M; REMED Study Group. Effect of dexamethasone in patients with ARDS and COVID-19 (REMED trial)-study protocol for a prospective, multi-centre, open-label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2022 Jan 15;23(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05963-6.
- Malaska J, Stasek J, Duska F, Balik M, Maca J, Hruda J, Vymazal T, Klementova O, Zatloukal J, Gabrhelik T, Novotny P, Demlova R, Kubatova J, Vinklerova J, Svobodnik A, Kratochvil M, Klucka J, Gal R, Singer M; REMED Study Group. Effect of dexamethasone in patients with ARDS and COVID-19 - prospective, multi-centre, open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial (REMED trial): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2021 Mar 1;22(1):172. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05116-9.
- WHO Working Group on the Clinical Characterisation and Management of COVID-19 infection. A minimal common outcome measure set for COVID-19 clinical research. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Aug;20(8):e192-e197. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30483-7. Epub 2020 Jun 12. Erratum In: Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Oct;20(10):e250.
- Meduri GU, Annane D, Confalonieri M, Chrousos GP, Rochwerg B, Busby A, Ruaro B, Meibohm B. Pharmacological principles guiding prolonged glucocorticoid treatment in ARDS. Intensive Care Med. 2020 Dec;46(12):2284-2296. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-06289-8. Epub 2020 Nov 4.
- RECOVERY Collaborative Group; Horby P, Lim WS, Emberson JR, Mafham M, Bell JL, Linsell L, Staplin N, Brightling C, Ustianowski A, Elmahi E, Prudon B, Green C, Felton T, Chadwick D, Rege K, Fegan C, Chappell LC, Faust SN, Jaki T, Jeffery K, Montgomery A, Rowan K, Juszczak E, Baillie JK, Haynes R, Landray MJ. Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2021 Feb 25;384(8):693-704. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2021436. Epub 2020 Jul 17.
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K, Moore L, Day C, Gibson C, Gordon E, Zitter L, Keenan S, Baker E, Cherian S, Cutler S, Roynon-Reed A, Harrington K, Raithatha A, Bauchmuller K, Ahmad N, Grecu I, Trodd D, Martin J, Wrey Brown C, Arias AM, Craven T, Hope D, Singleton J, Clark S, Rae N, Welters I, Hamilton DO, Williams K, Waugh V, Shaw D, Puthucheary Z, Martin T, Santos F, Uddin R, Somerville A, Tatham KC, Jhanji S, Black E, Dela Rosa A, Howle R, Tully R, Drummond A, Dearden J, Philbin J, Munt S, Vuylsteke A, Chan C, Victor S, Matsa R, Gellamucho M, Creagh-Brown B, Tooley J, Montague L, De Beaux F, Bullman L, Kersiake I, Demetriou C, Mitchard S, Ramos L, White K, Donnison P, Johns M, Casey R, Mattocks L, Salisbury S, Dark P, Claxton A, McLachlan D, Slevin K, Lee S, Hulme J, Joseph S, Kinney F, Senya HJ, Oborska A, Kayani A, Hadebe B, Orath Prabakaran R, Nichols L, Thomas M, Worner R, Faulkner B, Gendall E, Hayes K, Hamilton-Davies C, Chan C, Mfuko C, Abbass H, Mandadapu V, Leaver S, Forton D, Patel K, Paramasivam E, Powell M, Gould R, Wilby E, Howcroft C, Banach D, Fernandez de Pinedo Artaraz Z, Cabreros L, White I, Croft M, Holland N, Pereira R, Zaki A, Johnson D, Jackson M, Garrard H, Juhaz V, Roy A, Rostron A, Woods L, Cornell S, Pillai S, Harford R, Rees T, Ivatt H, Sundara Raman A, Davey M, Lee K, Barber R, Chablani M, Brohi F, Jagannathan V, Clark M, Purvis S, Wetherill B, Dushianthan A, Cusack R, de Courcy-Golder K, Smith S, Jackson S, Attwood B, Parsons P, Page V, Zhao XB, Oza D, Rhodes J, Anderson T, Morris S, Xia Le Tai C, Thomas A, Keen A, Digby S, Cowley N, Wild L, Southern D, Reddy H, Campbell A, Watkins C, Smuts S, Touma O, Barnes N, Alexander P, Felton T, Ferguson S, Sellers K, Bradley-Potts J, Yates D, Birkinshaw I, Kell K, Marshall N, Carr-Knott L, Summers C. Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020 Oct 6;324(13):1317-1329. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.17022.
- WHO Rapid Evidence Appraisal for COVID-19 Therapies (REACT) Working Group; Sterne JAC, Murthy S, Diaz JV, Slutsky AS, Villar J, Angus DC, Annane D, Azevedo LCP, Berwanger O, Cavalcanti AB, Dequin PF, Du B, Emberson J, Fisher D, Giraudeau B, Gordon AC, Granholm A, Green C, Haynes R, Heming N, Higgins JPT, Horby P, Juni P, Landray MJ, Le Gouge A, Leclerc M, Lim WS, Machado FR, McArthur C, Meziani F, Moller MH, Perner A, Petersen MW, Savovic J, Tomazini B, Veiga VC, Webb S, Marshall JC. Association Between Administration of Systemic Corticosteroids and Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2020 Oct 6;324(13):1330-1341. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.17023.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
- Coronavirus Infections
- Coronaviridae Infections
- Nidovirales Infections
- RNA Virus Infections
- Virus Diseases
- Infections
- Respiratory Tract Infections
- Respiratory Tract Diseases
- Pneumonia, Viral
- Pneumonia
- Lung Diseases
- COVID-19
- Physiological Effects of Drugs
- Autonomic Agents
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents
- Antineoplastic Agents
- Antiemetics
- Gastrointestinal Agents
- Glucocorticoids
- Hormones
- Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal
- Dexamethasone
Other Study ID Numbers
- CZECRIN No. 2020/47
- 2020-005887-70 (EudraCT Number)
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
IPD Plan Description
IPD Sharing Time Frame
IPD Sharing Access Criteria
IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type
- STUDY_PROTOCOL
- SAP
- ICF
- CSR
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.
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