- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT04847427
Recovery Kinetics After Different Power Training Protocols (PTRecovery) (PTRecovery)
Recovery Kinetics of Muscle Performance, Muscle Damage and Neuromuscular Fatigue After Different Protocols of Power Training
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Detailed Description
Muscle power is one of the most important parameters in almost every athletic action, and expresses the ability of the human muscle to produce great amounts of force with the greatest possible speed. Thus, muscle power is critical for high performance in athletic actions such as jumping, throwing, change of direction and sprinting. For enhancing their muscle power, athletes comprise several resistance training programs as part of their training. Core exercises as well as Olympic lifting has been used in muscle power training. The loads that are applied regarding the accomplishment of the most favorable power production are varying. Training load of 0% 1RM has been reported to favor power production at the countermovement squat jump, while loads of 56% 1RM and 80% 1RM, favored the power production at squat and clean, respectively. In the recent years, accentuated eccentric training has been proposed as a new training method for the enhancement of muscle power. This method emphasizes in the eccentric component of the muscle contraction, and there is evidence supporting the greater production of muscle force after accentuated eccentric training compared with the typical resistance exercise training method. Taking the above into consideration, muscle power training comprises of eccentric muscle actions, and the magnitude of the eccentric component depends on the emphasis that is given on the concentric or eccentric action, respectively, of the muscles during the exercises. However, eccentric muscle action, especially when unaccustomed, can lead to exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Although concentric and isometric exercise may also lead to muscle injury, the amount of damage after eccentric muscle contractions is greater. EIMD, amongst others, is accompanied by increased levels of creatine kinase (CK) into the circulation, increased delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), reduction of force production, reduction of agility and speed. Despite the fact that muscle power training comprises eccentric muscle actions and consequently can lead to muscle injury and muscle performance reduction during the following days, the recovery kinetics after acute muscle power training protocols have not been adequately studied. However, information regarding the recovery of the muscles after a power training protocol is critical for the correct design of a training microcycle, and the reduction of injury risk.
The aim of the present study is to investigate the muscle injury provoked after acute muscle power training using three different power training exercise protocols. Additionally, the effect of these protocols on muscle performance and neuromuscular fatigue indices will be examined.
According to a preliminary power analysis, a number of 8 - 10 participants is needed for significant differences to be observed at the variables that will be examined (α = 0.90). Thus, 10 participants will be included at the present study.
The study will be performed in a randomized, cross over, repeated measures design. During their 1st - 4th visit, all participants will sign an informed consent (1st visit) after they will be informed about all the benefits and risks of the study and they will fill and sign a medical history form. Participants will be instructed by a dietitian how to record a 7-days diet recall to ensure that they do not consume in greater extent nutrients that may affect EIMD and fatigue (e.g. antioxidants, amino acids, etc.) and to ensure that the energy intake during the trials will be the same. Subsequently, participants will have to be familiarized with the exercises that will be used during the three power training protocols, as well as with the measurements that will be used for the evaluation of performance indices.
During the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th visit, baseline assessments will be performed. Fasting blood samples will be collected in order to estimate muscle damage concentration markers. Assessment of body mass and body height, body composition, and aerobic capacity (VO2max), will be performed. Squat jump and countermovement jump will be performed on a force platform to assess jump height, ground reaction force, peak and mean power, vertical stiffness and peak rate of force development; at the same time, peak and mean normalized EMG during the concentric phase of the squat jump, and during eccentric and concentric phases of the counter movement jump, for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and gluteus maximum muscles will be assessed. The peak concentric, eccentric and isometric isokinetic torque of the knee flexors and knee extensors, in both limbs will be evaluated on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60°/sec. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of the knee extensors at 65° in both limbs, as well as the fatigue rate during MVIC through the percent drop of peak torque between the first and the last three seconds of a 10-sec MVIC.
During their 9th visit, participants will be randomly assigned into one of the four different conditions of the study design: a) Core exercises protocol, b) Structural exercises protocol, c) Accentuated eccentric load exercises protocol, d) Control Condition. Prior to each experimental protocol, assessment of DOMS in the knee flexors and knee extensors of both limbs, as well as blood lactate assessment will be performed. Field activity will be continuously recorded during the sprint training protocols using global positioning system (GPS) technology. Heart rate will be continuously recorded during the sprint training protocols using heart rate monitors. Additionally, DOMS of knee flexors and knee extensors, peak concentric, eccentric and isometric isokinetic torque, squat and countermovement jump height, as well as ground reaction force, peak and mean power, vertical stiffness and peak rate of force development during squat and countermovement jump, alongside with peak and mean normalized EMG during the concentric phase of the squat jump, and during eccentric and concentric phases of the counter movement jump, for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and gluteus maximum muscles will be assessed immediately after, 24h, 48h and 72h after the end of the trial. MVIC of the knee extensors of both limbs, as well as the fatigue rate during MVIC will also be assessed at 1h, 2h and 3h, as well as 24h, 48h, and 72h (10th, 11th and 12th visit) after the end of the trial. Blood lactate will also be assessed at 4 min, while creatine kinase at 24h, 48h, and 72h after the end of the trial. The exact same procedure (13rd - 16th visit, 17th - 20th visit, 22nd - 24th visit) will be repeated for the remaining three conditions. A 7-day wash out period will be mediated between trials.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
-
-
Thessaly
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Trikala, Thessaly, Greece, 42100
- Chariklia K. Deli
-
-
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- At least 1 year experience in strength exercises
- Absense of musculoskeletal injuries (≥ 6 months)
- Abstence from use of ergogenic supplements or other drugs (≥ 1 month)
- Abstence from participation at exercise with eccentric component (≥ 3 days)
- Abstence from alcohol and energy drings consumption before each experimental trial
Exclusion Criteria:
- Less than 1 year experience in strength exercises
- Musculoskeletal injuries (≤ 6 months)
- Use of ergogenic supplements or other drugs (≤ 1 month)
- Participation at exercise with eccentric component (≤ 3 days)
- Alcohol and energy drings consumption before the experimental trials
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Screening
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Core exercises training
Participants will perform 4 core exercises
|
Participants will perform:
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Experimental: Structural exercises training
Participants will perform 4 structural (Olympic lifting) exercises
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Participants will perform:
|
Experimental: Accentuated eccentric exercises training
Participants will perform 4 exercises with eccentric loading
|
Participants will perform:
|
Experimental: Control trial
Participants will perform all the measurements that are comprised in the experimental conditions without performing any exercise protocol
|
Participants will perform all the measurements that are comprised in the experimental conditions without performing any exercise protocol
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Change in CK in blood
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 4 minutes post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Creatine kinase will be measured in plasma using a biochemical analyzer
|
Baseline (pre), 4 minutes post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Change in delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) in the knee flexors (KF) and extensors (KE) of both limbs
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 4 minutes post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Participants will perform three repetitions of a full squat movement, and rate their soreness level in knee flexors and extensors on a visual analog scale from 1 to 10 (VAS, with "no pain" at one end and "extremely sore" at the other), using palpation of the belly and the distal region of relaxed knee extensors and flexors.
|
Baseline (pre), 4 minutes post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Change in blood lactate
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 4 minutes post-trial
|
Blood lactate will be measured in capillary blood with a hand-portable analyzer
|
Baseline (pre), 4 minutes post-trial
|
Change in squat jump height
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Squat jump height will be measured using two force platforms at 1000Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a seperate, yet time-synchronized measurement of the jump height for each leg
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Change in ground reaction force (GRF) during squat jump test
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
GRFwill be measured using two force platforms at 1000Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a seperate, yet time-synchronized measurement of the jump height for each leg
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Change in peak power during squat jump test
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Peak power will be measured using two force platforms at 1000Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a seperate, yet time-synchronized measurement of the jump height for each leg
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Change in mean power during squat jump test
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Mean power will be measured using two force platforms at 1000Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a seperate, yet time-synchronized measurement of the jump height for each leg
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Change in vertical stifness during squat jump test
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Vertical stifness will be measured using two force platforms at 1000Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a seperate, yet time-synchronized measurement of the jump height for each leg
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Change in peak normalized EMG during the concentric phase of the squat jump test
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2000Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland) for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and gluteus maximum muscles.
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Change in mean normalized EMG during the concentric phase of the squat jump test
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2000Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland) for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and gluteus maximum muscles.
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Change in countermovement jump height
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Countermovement jump height will be measured using two force platforms at 1000Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a seperate yet time-synchronized measurement of the jump height for each leg
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Change in ground reaction force (GRF) during countermovement jump test
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Ground reaction force will be measured using two force platforms at 1000Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a seperate yet time-synchronized measurement of the jump height for each leg
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Change in peak power during countermovement jump test
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), post-, 24h post-, 48h post-, 72h post-trial
|
Peak power will be measured using two force platforms at 1000Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a seperate yet time-synchronized measurement of the jump height for each leg
|
Baseline (pre), post-, 24h post-, 48h post-, 72h post-trial
|
Change in mean power during countermovement jump test
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Mean power will be measured using two force platforms at 1000Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a seperate yet time-synchronized measurement of the jump height for each leg
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Change in vertical stifness during countermovement jump test
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Vertical stifness will be measured using two force platforms at 1000Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a seperate yet time-synchronized measurement of the jump height for each leg
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Change in peak rate of force development during countermovement jump test
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Vertical stifness will be measured using two force platforms at 1000Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a seperate yet time-synchronized measurement of the jump height for each leg
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Change in peak normalized EMG during the eccentric and concentric phases of the countermovement jump test
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2000Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland) for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and gluteus maximum muscles.
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Change in mean normalized EMG during the eccentric and concentric phases of the countermovement jump test
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2000Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland) for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and gluteus maximum muscles.
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Change in concentric peak torque
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Concentric peak torque will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Change in eccentric peak torque
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Eccentric peak torque will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Change in isometric peak torque
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Eccentric peak torque will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer
|
Baseline (pre), 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Change in maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) during 10 seconds
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 1 hour post-, 2 hours post-, 3 hours post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
MVIC will be measured on an isokinetic dynamometer
|
Baseline (pre), 1 hour post-, 2 hours post-, 3 hours post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Change in fatigue rate during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC)
Time Frame: Baseline (pre), 1 hour post-, 2 hours post-, 3 hours post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Fatigue rate during MVIC will be estimated through the percent drop of peak torque between the first and the last three seconds of a 10-second maximal isometric contaction
|
Baseline (pre), 1 hour post-, 2 hours post-, 3 hours post-, 24 hours post-, 48 hours post-, 72 hours post-trial
|
Differences in field activity between the three different power training protocols
Time Frame: During each power training protocol
|
Field activity will be continuously recorded during the power training protocols using global positioning system (GPS) technology
|
During each power training protocol
|
Change in heart rate between the three different power training protocols
Time Frame: During each power training protocol
|
Heart rate will be continuously recorded during during the power training protocols using heart rate monitors
|
During each power training protocol
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Body weight
Time Frame: Baseline
|
Body weight will be measured on a beam balance/stadiometer
|
Baseline
|
Body height
Time Frame: Baseline
|
Body height will be measured on a beam balance/stadiometer
|
Baseline
|
Body mass index (BMI)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
BMI will be calculated from the ratio of body mass/ body height squared
|
Baseline
|
Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
Maximal oxygen consumption will be measured by open circuit spirometry via breath by breath method
|
Baseline
|
Body fat
Time Frame: Baseline
|
Body fat will be measured by using Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry
|
Baseline
|
Lean body mass
Time Frame: Baseline
|
Lean body mass will be measured by using Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry
|
Baseline
|
Dietary intake
Time Frame: Baseline
|
Dietary intake will be assessed using 7-day diet recalls
|
Baseline
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Chariklia K Deli, PhD, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Clarkson PM, Byrnes WC, McCormick KM, Turcotte LP, White JS. Muscle soreness and serum creatine kinase activity following isometric, eccentric, and concentric exercise. Int J Sports Med. 1986 Jun;7(3):152-5.
- Deli CK, Fatouros IG, Paschalis V, Georgakouli K, Zalavras A, Avloniti A, Koutedakis Y, Jamurtas AZ. A Comparison of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Following Maximal Eccentric Contractions in Men and Boys. Pediatr Exerc Sci. 2017 Aug;29(3):316-325. doi: 10.1123/pes.2016-0185. Epub 2017 Feb 6.
- Kyrolainen H, Avela J, McBride JM, Koskinen S, Andersen JL, Sipila S, Takala TE, Komi PV. Effects of power training on muscle structure and neuromuscular performance. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2005 Feb;15(1):58-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2004.00390.x.
- Ispirlidis I, Fatouros IG, Jamurtas AZ, Nikolaidis MG, Michailidis I, Douroudos I, Margonis K, Chatzinikolaou A, Kalistratos E, Katrabasas I, Alexiou V, Taxildaris K. Time-course of changes in inflammatory and performance responses following a soccer game. Clin J Sport Med. 2008 Sep;18(5):423-31. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181818e0b.
- Hughes JD, Massiah RG, Clarke RD. The Potentiating Effect of an Accentuated Eccentric Load on Countermovement Jump Performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2016 Dec;30(12):3450-3455.
- Cormie P, McCaulley GO, Triplett NT, McBride JM. Optimal loading for maximal power output during lower-body resistance exercises. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007 Feb;39(2):340-9. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000246993.71599.bf.
- Walker S, Blazevich AJ, Haff GG, Tufano JJ, Newton RU, Hakkinen K. Greater Strength Gains after Training with Accentuated Eccentric than Traditional Isoinertial Loads in Already Strength-Trained Men. Front Physiol. 2016 Apr 27;7:149. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00149. eCollection 2016.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Other Study ID Numbers
- Power training - Recovery
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
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