Pragmatic Implementation Trial of a CF Primary Palliative Care Intervention

October 31, 2023 updated by: Anna M. Georgiopoulos, M.D., Massachusetts General Hospital

Five Cystic Fibrosis (CF) centers, key stakeholders, and a palliative care institute have collaborated to create a novel primary palliative care intervention for patients with CF, "Improving Life with CF: A Primary Palliative Care Partnership," and established the infrastructure and support necessary for a follow-on implementation study. This intervention provides a framework for a nationally generalizable model to improve best practices in generalist-level palliative care in CF.

Objectives:

Aim 1: Implement a primary palliative care intervention comprising screening-and-triage workflows, best practice treatment guides for high frequency problems, patient/family and provider education, and a quality improvement (QI) toolkit.

Aim 2: Evaluate feasibility, uptake, and preliminary outcomes during a multisite pragmatic, implementation trial of the intervention at 5 diverse Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Centers.

Subaim 2.1: Evaluate feasibility and uptake as measured by rates of screening and treatment delivery.

Hypothesis 1: Related to feasibility and uptake of the intervention:

  1. > 80% of individuals with CF of all ages will receive an annual palliative care screening.
  2. > 25% of individuals with CF will receive a palliative care screening prompted by hospitalization, new diagnosis of CF-Related Diabetes, need for transplantation, or another disease- or treatment-specific trigger.

Hypothesis 2: Related to provider education:

a) > 80% will access >1 training(s) (on-demand webinars or in-service by trained site educators).

Subaim 2.2: Evaluate data on preliminary outcomes for individuals with CF by comparing ratings on patient- and caregiver-reported outcome measures (e.g., Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale, Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised, Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Cystic Fibrosis, and Brief Assessment Scale for Caregivers) during the trial to baseline ratings and exploring covariates of change (age, race/ethnicity, gender, disease severity, CFTR modifier treatment, psychological distress, and varied indicators reflecting intervention implementation).

Study Overview

Detailed Description

Introduction:

Palliative care is an interdisciplinary model of care intended to mitigate the suffering and illness burden experienced by patients with serious illnesses, and their families, from the time of diagnosis forward. The illness burden experienced by patients with CF and their caregivers is characterized by problems in many domains (e.g., physical symptoms, emotional distress, caregiver burden, and need for goal-setting). Interventions to address the goals of palliative care must be undertaken throughout the course of the illness by CF professionals-an approach known as generalist-level or primary palliative care. At present, there are no standardized, generalizable models of primary palliative care for CF.

New CF Foundation guidelines recommend that CF Centers screen all adults and children from the time of diagnosis, along with caregivers of individuals with CF of all ages, for unmet palliative care needs annually and after "triggers" such as hospitalization or other major events (Kavalieratos D et al. J Palliat Med. 2020 Sep 16. Epub ahead of print). The goal is to identify high frequency problems, such as symptom distress and the need for advance care planning (ACP).

The proposed intervention will involve a multi-site implementation trial of a new care model that applies the CF Foundation Palliative Care Guidelines (Kavalieratos D et al., 2020) at five CF Centers across the country. We will collect longitudinal data from patients and family caregivers on palliative care outcomes and also evaluate uptake of the care model.

Research conduct:

At baseline, each of the 5 participating CF Centers will recruit all eligible adolescent and adult CF patients plus one identified caregiver per patient of any age. Participants will have the opportunity to have their questions answered by a member of the site's study staff and will have at least 24 hours to decide whether they wish to participate. Those who agree to participate will be assigned a study ID number and their status tracked in a secure enrollment log.

Outcome Assessment:

Prior to the start of the system-level palliative care intervention involving individuals with CF and their primary caregivers at each site, patients and caregivers consenting to participate in the outcome assessment will complete a baseline questionnaire packet. This packet will include validated questionnaires that will be repeated during the outcome assessment. Participants will be reimbursed $20 for the baseline assessment, which is expected to take < 30 minutes to complete.

The baseline assessment will include sociodemographic items that assess age, gender, racial/ethnic status, primary language, marital status, educational level, employment status, annual household income, and insurance status, and will be completed by patients and caregivers to profile the cohort.

During the last 3 months of trial implementation, patients and caregivers who consented to participate in the baseline assessment will be asked to complete a second questionnaire packet (identical to the first). This will occur approximately 2 years following baseline, in study months 25-27. Participants will be reimbursed $20 for the outcome assessment, which is expected to take < 30 minutes to complete.

After the baseline research assessment, all study sites will seek to implement new CF Foundation guidelines recommending annual and triggered palliative care needs assessments for individuals with CF and their primary caregivers (Kavalieratos D et al., 2020). As each of the CF Centers in the study adopt this new system-wide care model, the proposed study will conduct an intervention trial to support practice change, involving: 1) practice-level screening-and-triage workflows, 2) best practice treatment guides for management of high frequency problems; 3) provider education in generalist-level palliative care, supported by on-demand webinars and 4) train-the-trainer approach (education and manuals); and 5) a QI toolkit including resources for patient and family education, the monitoring of quality indicators for successful implementation of routine screening, and focused studies related to specific objectives of palliative care.

Statistical Plan:

Process measures collected in the trial will include data on uptake of the intervention, including rates of screening, triage, use of best practice guides, and provider use of education (on-demand webinars and on-site in-services and training) at each site. For process measures, the electronic medical record or other tracking systems at each site will be queried quarterly under a waiver of written authorization for medical record abstraction. This de-identified, aggregate information, such as percentage of center patients who receive an annual or clinically triggered palliative care screening (e.g., Subaim 2.1, hypotheses 1a and 1b), will be entered by the Research Coordinator into a REDCap® database for the project.

All data from the participating sites (process data on intervention uptake from the electronic medical record, and quantitative data from patients and caregivers from REDCap®) will be merged into a SPSS database by the Research Manager at the Data Coordinating Center, MJHS Institute.

The process measures will provide information related to the feasibility and uptake of the proposed intervention. The analysis will evaluate a) the proportion of patients and caregivers who completed annual screenings vs. patients and caregivers who are eligible; b) the proportion of screenings completed by patients and caregivers following specific triggers: hospitalization, new diagnosis of CF-Related Diabetes, and referral/declined referral for transplant evaluation; c) the proportion of patients and caregivers whose screening identified a need for further assessment for various symptoms or needs; and d) the proportion of patients who underwent a change in care plan based on the triage approach for different symptoms or needs. The analysis will evaluate each of these outcomes by patient age group (adults, adolescents, older children, and young children). Uptake also will be assessed by the number of Care Team members who access on-demand webinars or on-site in-service training.

At each site, the new model will be judged to be feasible or not, based on whether the Center achieves all of the following benchmarks: 1) the structural components can be implemented and sustained over time and 2) by the outcome assessment, >80% of patients due for an annual screening are screened, and >25% of patients who need a 'triggered' screening are screened. The overall feasibility of the model relative to national distribution will be affirmed if at least four of the practices demonstrate that the model is feasible at the site.

This evaluation of feasibility will be complemented by exploratory quantitative analyses. In the quantitative analyses, all study variables will be described, and distributions evaluated. Generalized logistic linear mixed effects models will evaluate changes in all uptake variables. Uptake variables (1=screened, 0=not screened) will serve as the outcome in separate models.

All study variables will be described and distributions evaluated. Linear mixed effects models will evaluate changes in the typical primary outcomes (CFQ-R physical and emotional functioning subscale scores) and secondary outcomes (IPOS total score, MSAS-CF total score, total scores for the BASC, PHQ, GAD, PSS, and other CFQ-R subscales (e.g., vitality, digestive, respiratory symptoms, and role subscale scores)) as preliminary data for a fully-scaled randomized clinical trial. Time will serve as the fixed effect. Individual intercepts, site, and time will serve as random effects. The best fitting covariance structure will be selected using Akaike's Information Criterion. Additional separate models will evaluate patient- (sociodemographics, disease severity-, and psychological distress-related variables), provider- (use of education sessions), and site-level predictors of uptake (size of practice). SPSS version 25 will be used for all analyses. All analyses will be two-tailed with alpha set at .05. With baseline data prior to the intervention, longitudinal data from the outcome assessment, and process data about uptake of the intervention by each site, we also will be able to explore relationships between the intervention "dose" trends (e.g., the frequency of screening and triage across patients and the type of clinical interventions recommended and utilized) and effects on patient symptoms, function, or HRQL.

Monitoring and Quality Assurance:

Monitoring of source data will occur at each study site and by the Data Coordinating Center (the MJHS Institute). Process data on uptake of the intervention at the CF Centers and individual self-report or parent proxy report questionnaires, will be checked by research staff using a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Manual specifying the standard practices, methods, and protocol. A member of the study staff will cross-check all data and review all self-report measures to ensure their completeness. Any errors in completion will be reviewed to determine if directions or procedures for the assessments need to be altered. In this case, permission from the IRB will be requested to change any procedures. In addition, study personnel will use IRB-approved eligibility checklists to ensure that all patients and caregivers who are approached for participation in study assessments are eligible.

Research Coordinators at each site will be in weekly contact with the Site PIs and Research Manager at the Data Coordinating Center (the MJHS Institute) to review any issues with the data (i.e., missing data) and ensure data integrity. Given the multi-center nature of the study, the study PIs (Anna Georgiopoulos, MD, and Lara Dhingra, PhD) will also meet regularly by telephone and videoconference with the Site PIs to review study conduct at all sites. Sites will be required to review their progress regularly and report unanticipated events, protocol deviations, and protocol violations at least monthly to the study PIs.

Dr. Lara Dhingra, Co-PI at the MJHS Institute, the Data Coordinating Center for this study, and her research team will oversee the conduct of monthly protocol compliance audits. These will focus on informed consent procedures, participant eligibility, baseline and outcome assessments, and quarterly review of process measures. Protocol compliance will consist of 100% verification of the protocol specific measures identified in the protocol being available and accurately noted for the participant being reviewed. All study questionnaires will be audited for completeness by Dr. Dhingra, who also will conduct quality checks of the database that will receive this information; these data verification audits will be conducted for 100% of cases.

Safety Monitoring:

The proposed study has been reviewed by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Data Safety Monitoring Board, with the determination that the program is minimal risk and that there is no need for a Data Monitoring Committee for this study. Study PIs will be responsible for safety monitoring. Site PIs or their designees will be available at all times to respond to any question of safety.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

643

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

    • Georgia
      • Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322
        • Emory University
    • Massachusetts
      • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114
        • Massachusetts General Hospital
    • New York
      • New York, New York, United States, 10075
        • Northwell Health-Lenox Hill
      • New York, New York, United States, 11040
        • Northwell Health
      • New York, New York, United States, 11794
        • Stonybrook University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

12 years and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

The primary palliative care intervention will be clinically implemented at a practice level at all CF centers and offered to all patients and families. For the baseline and outcome research questionnaire based surveys, inclusion and exclusion criteria are as follows:

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients (age > 12 years) who are treated at the participating CF Centers will be eligible for participation in the study if the following inclusion/exclusion criteria are met:

  1. Have a diagnosis of CF.
  2. Receive treatment at one of the participating CF Care Centers in the study.
  3. Age ≥ 12 years.
  4. For patients age 12-17 years, willingness and ability to provide implied informed consent by a parent or legal guardian for the patient's participation in the study, with child's implied assent, AND willingness and ability to provide consent by the parent or legal guardian for the parent's or guardian's participation in the caregiver assessment, for proxy completion of selected study measures.
  5. For patients age >18 years, willingness and ability to provide implied informed consent for participation in the study.
  6. Willingness to complete questionnaires two times.
  7. English or Spanish as the primary language.
  8. In order to ensure generalizability of the intervention, participants will not be excluded from the study for any of the following reasons:

    1. Extent of CF disease severity or lung/liver transplant status.
    2. Current use of CFTR modulators or other medical, psychological, or complementary therapies.
    3. Concomitant participation in another clinical research study.
    4. Lack of a participating caregiver for patients age > 18 years.

Caregivers (age > 18 years) will be eligible for participation if the following inclusion/exclusion criteria are met:

  1. Are an identified caregiver of a patient with CF of any age, who receives treatment at one of the participating CF Care Centers in the study.

    1. For patients age < 18 years, the caregiver will be a parent or legal guardian.
    2. For patients age ≥ 18 years, the caregiver will be chosen by the patient (e.g., parent, spouse, partner, other relative or friend).
  2. Willingness and ability to provide implied informed consent.
  3. Willingness to complete questionnaires two times.
  4. English or Spanish as the primary language.
  5. The CF patient(s) (age > 12) for whom the caregiver provides CF care may accept or decline participation.

Exclusion Criteria:

Any subjects who are deemed unable to participate will be excluded, including those with evidence of cognitive impairment severe enough to prevent implied informed consent or completing the survey instruments, or at the PI's discretion.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Other: Implementation of Primary Palliative Care Intervention in CF Centers
Implement a Primary Palliative Care intervention comprising screening-and-triage workflows, best practice treatment guides for high frequency problems, patient/family and provider education, and a quality improvement (QI) toolkit in 5 CF centers.

Individuals with CF ages 12 years and above will complete an annual palliative care needs assessment with the CF care team using the IPOS (Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale).

Individuals with CF under 12 years of age will complete an annual palliative care needs assessment with the CF care team using IPOS as a conversation guide.

Caregivers of Individuals with CF of all ages will be offered the BASC (Brief Assessment Scale for Caregivers).

In addition to annual needs assessment, palliative care needs assessment will take place when triggered by changes in disease status, such as hospitalization, new diagnosis of CF related Diabetes or referral to transplant.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Proportion of individuals with CF receiving annual palliative care screening
Time Frame: 2 years
Evaluate uptake of annual palliative care needs assessment process across 5 CF centers
2 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Proportion of individuals with CF receiving triggered palliative care screening
Time Frame: 2 years
Evaluate uptake of palliative care needs assessment triggered by hospitalization, new diagnosis of CF-Related Diabetes, referral for transplantation, or another disease- or treatment-specific trigger across 5 CF centers
2 years
Use of primary palliative care provider education materials
Time Frame: 2 years
Proportion of CF healthcare providers who access 1 or more on-demand webinars or in-service trainings across 5 CF centers
2 years
Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale (IPOS)
Time Frame: 2 years
multidimensional palliative care needs
2 years
Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Cystic Fibrosis (MSAS-CF)
Time Frame: 2 years
symptom burden
2 years
Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R)
Time Frame: 2 years
health-related quality of life
2 years
Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8)
Time Frame: 2 years
depressive symptoms
2 years
Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 item Scale (GAD-7)
Time Frame: 2 years
anxiety symptoms
2 years
PROMIS® Parent Proxy Anxiety-Short Form (PASF)
Time Frame: 2 years
anxiety symptoms
2 years
PROMIS® Parent Proxy Depression-Short Form (PDSF)
Time Frame: 2 years
depression symptoms
2 years
PROMIS® Parent Proxy Pain Interference-Short Form 8a (PPISF)
Time Frame: 2 years
pain interference
2 years
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
Time Frame: 2 years
patient/caregiver stress
2 years
PROMIS® Global Health-Short Form (PGHSF)
Time Frame: 2 years
caregiver quality of life
2 years
Brief Assessment Scale for Caregivers (BASC)
Time Frame: 2 years
caregiver burden
2 years

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Lara Dhingra, PhD, MJHS Institute for Innovation in Palliative Care (MJHS Institute)
  • Principal Investigator: Anna M Georgiopoulos, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

June 25, 2021

Primary Completion (Estimated)

June 30, 2024

Study Completion (Estimated)

June 30, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 7, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 7, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

June 11, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

November 2, 2023

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

October 31, 2023

Last Verified

October 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

The dataset for this study, including the study protocol, statistical analysis plan, and individual de-identified participant data underlying the results reported in publication (text, tables, figures and appendices), will be made accessible four months from initial request to investigators who provide a methodologically sound proposal, as determined by the study's lead investigators. The dataset will be provided after its de-identification, in compliance with relevant regulatory and privacy laws, data safeguards, and requirements for patient consent and anonymization.

IPD Sharing Time Frame

Beginning 9 months and ending 36 months after study publication.

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

Investigators submitting a methodologically sound proposal, as determined by the study's lead investigators. Proposals should be directed to ldhingra@mjhs.org.

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Clinical Trials on Quality of Life

Clinical Trials on Implementation of Primary Palliative Care Intervention in CF Centers

3
Subscribe