Effects of Dynamic Soft Tissue Mobilization in Reducing Hamstring Tightness in Knee Osteoarthritis

Dynamic Soft Tissue Mobilization vs Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation in Reducing Hamstring Muscle Tightness in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: a Randomized Control Trial

The objective of this randomized control trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of dynamic soft tissue mobilization in comparison with the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (hold-relax) technique in reducing hamstring muscle tightness, pain and improving physical functions in patients with knee osteoarthritis by using Visual Analog Scale-10 cm, Active Knee Extension Angle Test in degree and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. This study will be carried out at Sindh Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Dow Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi on the basis of non-probability purposive sample technique with screening for study criteria through a consultant physician (blinded) . After taking informed consent all participants will be randomly allocated into 2 groups i.e. 24 in interventional group 'A' and 24 in interventional group 'B' through second researcher who is not involved in screening, baseline assessment and providing intervention.The interventional group 'A' will received dynamic soft tissue mobilization on hamstring muscle along with cryotherapy on knee joint and isometric strengthening exercises for knee osteoarthritis while the interventional group 'B' will received proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (hold relax) technique on hamstring muscle along with cryotherapy on knee joint and isometric strengthening exercises for knee osteoarthritis. Twelve sessions will be given each of 30 minutes.Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and at last session.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Knee Osteoarthritis; Range of Motion; Muscle Tightness; Dynamic Stretching
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Dynamic soft tissue mobilization; Other: Cryotherapy; Other: Isometric knee strengthening excercises; Other: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching

Detailed Description

All the participants will referred by the physiatrist as diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis. All the data will be collected within ethical constraints. Only principal investigator will access to the data as it will be in her custody. Patient recruitment, data collection, data management, data analysis, reporting for adverse events, and change management will be strictly performed within codes of ethics.

The sample size of 48 patients (24 in one group) is calculated by using open epi software version 3, Paired Means Power Analysis with 99% Confidence Interval and 95% power of test, mean ± S.D of VAS 5.27 ± 0.8 in group A and 3.81±1.4 in group B on the basis of previous findings. The missing data will be considered during analysis and results interpretation for any inconsistency in results.Data were stored and analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 23.0, Mean with standard deviation will be calculated for all quantitative variables. Counts with percentages will be presented for quantitative variables. parametric or non parametric tests will be used to compare outcome variables within and between groups after sessions completion. P-values less than 0.05 will be considered statistically significant.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 48
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Pakistan
  • Sindh
    • Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, 75400
      • Dow University of Health Sciences

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 40 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Both genders
• Subjects with 40 years of age and above
• Patients with hamstring tightness
• ACR clinical + radiological classification criteria for knee osteoarthritis

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with positive sciatic nerve test (SLR)
• Patients with neurological disorder impacting on lower extremity
• Musculoskeletal knee deformity e.g. varus
• Patients with lower limb internal fixation
• History of previous lower limb arthroplasty or another knee surgery
• Patients with history of infectious disease or malignancy effecting the lower extremity .
• Using assistive device(stick/cane)
• History of spinal surgery
• Patient having low backache or sciatica

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Dynamic soft tissue mobilization; Dynamic soft tissue mobilization (DSTM) is a soft tissue mobilization technique use to treat tight spasm using progressive muscle activation.	Other: Dynamic soft tissue mobilization; Dynamic soft tissue mobilization will be given in the following sequence, In supine position with 90˚ flexion of knee and hip joint deep longitudinal strokes will be applied from distal to proximal direction along with the tightened area of hamstring while passively stretching the hamstring. Total 5 longitudinal strokes will be applied followed by shaking for 20 seconds. Then progressed to the next dynamic technique in the above-mentioned sequence but the patient will be asked to do leg extension actively to achieve reciprocal inhibition of the hamstring muscle. In The next step, the subject will apply a force to the therapist's hand to engage the hamstring eccentrically as the muscle will be lengthened to its end range. In that position, the therapist will apply 5 deep longitudinal strokes from the distal towards the proximal direction on tight hamstring muscles.; Other Names: soft tissue mobilization; DSTM; dynamic soft tissue technique; Other: Cryotherapy; application of cold pack on knee joint for 10 minutes; Other Names: Cold pack; Icing; Other: Isometric knee strengthening excercises; i. Isometric hip adductors exercises in crook lying: Two sets of 10 repetitions with a 10-seconds hold will be carried out. ii. Isometric quadriceps strengthening exercises in supine lying: A towel roll underneath the knee joint will be used to perform this exercise. Two sets of 10 repetitions with a 10-seconds hold will be performed.; Other Names: Isometrics; knee strengthening exercises; Isometric quads
Active Comparator: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching; PNF stretching technique, a type of flexibility training that is effective in improving muscle flexibility and restore functional ranges using a wide array of techniques.	Other: Cryotherapy; application of cold pack on knee joint for 10 minutes; Other Names: Cold pack; Icing; Other: Isometric knee strengthening excercises; i. Isometric hip adductors exercises in crook lying: Two sets of 10 repetitions with a 10-seconds hold will be carried out. ii. Isometric quadriceps strengthening exercises in supine lying: A towel roll underneath the knee joint will be used to perform this exercise. Two sets of 10 repetitions with a 10-seconds hold will be performed.; Other Names: Isometrics; knee strengthening exercises; Isometric quads; Other: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching; The position of the patient will be supine lying with 90⁰ flexion of hip. Therapist will passively extend the knee joint where patient will feel a mild stretch. Then therapist will ask the patient to do knee flexion in counter resistance applied by the therapist by using about 50% of his maximum strength and isometric contraction of hamstring muscles will be achieved. Patient will maintain that isometric contraction for 8 seconds then relax on therapist command. Just after relaxation therapist will further stretch the hamstring muscle to the point of mild to moderate painless stretch and patient will hold it for 30 seconds. Three repetitions will be applied in each session.; Other Names: PNF stretchings; PNF exercises; PNF stretching exercise

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Visual analogue scale in centimetre	A bidirectional scale for subjective measurement for pain comprises of a 10 cm line labeling parallel on both sides, starts with least "no pain" (0 cm) and end on most "worst pain" (10 cm).	upto 4 weeks
Active Knee Extension Angle Test in degree	It will used to assessing the hamstring muscle length by using goniometry with 90° of hip flexion. higher the degree higher will be the knee extension.	upto 4 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score	It is a patient related outcome measure, having 5 sub-scales, designed to check disease development and outcomes followed by surgical, pharmaceutical, physical therapy or other interventions.100 indicates no problem and 0 indicates extreme problem.	upto 4 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Dow University of Health Sciences
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Aftab Ahmed Mirza Baig, MSAPT, Dow University of Health Sciences; Principal Investigator: Khadija Nafees, MSAPT, Dow University of Health Sciences; Study Chair: Shahzad Ali Syed, MSPT, Dow University of Health Sciences

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 22, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 1, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): January 10, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 8, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 11, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): June 14, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 10, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 27, 2022
• Last Verified: January 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Joint Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Rheumatic Diseases; Arthritis; Osteoarthritis; Osteoarthritis, Knee
• Other Study ID Numbers: 00003

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No