Global Linerixibat Itch Study of Efficacy and Safety in Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) (GLISTEN)

A Two-part, Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Double Blind, Multicenter, Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Linerixibat for the Treatment of Cholestatic Pruritus in Participants With Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC)

This is a 2-part study in PBC participants with cholestatic pruritus and will evaluate the efficacy, safety and impact on health-related quality of life of linerixibat compared with placebo.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Pruritus
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Linerixibat; Drug: Placebo

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 238
• Phase: Phase 3

Expanded Access

Available outside the clinical trial. See expanded access record.

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Argentina
  • Buenos Aires, Argentina, C1061AAS
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Capital Federal, Argentina, C1181ACI
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Ciudad AutOnoma de Buenos Aire, Argentina, 1118
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Ciudad Autonoma De Bueno, Argentina, C1056ABI
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Rosario, Argentina, S2002KDT
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • San Nicolas, Argentina, B2900DMH
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Santa Fe, Argentina, 3000
    • GSK Investigational Site
• Belgium
  • Gent, Belgium, 9000
    • GSK Investigational Site
• Brazil
  • Botucatu, Brazil, 18618686
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Brasilia, Brazil, 70.335-900
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Salvador, Brazil, 40110-160
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Rio Grande Do Sul
    • Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil, 90035003
      • GSK Investigational Site
• Bulgaria
  • Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 4004
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Sofia, Bulgaria, 1618
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Sofia, Bulgaria, 1797
    • GSK Investigational Site
• Canada
  • Alberta
    • Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2X8
      • GSK Investigational Site
  • Ontario
    • Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2C4
      • GSK Investigational Site
• China
  • Beijing, China, 100069
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Beijing, China, 100032
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Changchun, China, 130021
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Chongqing, China, 400042
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Guangzhou, China, 510630
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Nanchang, China, 330006
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Nanjing, China, 210003
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Shanghai, China, 200127
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Tianjin, China, 300000
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Zhanjiang, China, 524000
    • GSK Investigational Site
• Czechia
  • Ostrava, Czechia, 708 52
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Plzen, Czechia, 30100
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Praha 4, Czechia, 140 21
    • GSK Investigational Site
• France
  • CrEteil Cedex, France, 94010
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Grenoble Cedex 9, France, 38043
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Lille, France, 59037
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Paris, France, 75012
    • GSK Investigational Site
• Germany
  • Erlangen, Germany, 91054
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Essen, Germany, 45147
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Muenster, Germany, 48149
    • GSK Investigational Site
• Greece
  • Athens, Greece, 115 27
    • GSK Investigational Site
• Israel
  • Beer-Sheva, Israel, 84101
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Haifa, Israel, 34362
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Holon, Israel, 58100
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Jerusalem, Israel, 91120
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Nahariya, Israel, 22100
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Rehovot, Israel, 76100
    • GSK Investigational Site
• Italy
  • Milano, Italy, 20142
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Modena, Italy, 41126
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Monza, Italy, 20900
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Napoli, Italy, 80131
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Negrar Verona, Italy, 37024
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Palermo, Italy, 90127
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Roma, Italy, 00168
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Rozzano MI, Italy, 20089
    • GSK Investigational Site
• Japan
  • Ehime, Japan, 791-0295
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Fukui, Japan, 918-8503
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Hiroshima, Japan, 734-8551
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Hiroshima, Japan, 730-8619
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Hokkaido, Japan, 006-8555
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Ibaraki, Japan, 300-0028
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Kagawa, Japan, 760-8557
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Kanagawa, Japan, 259-1143
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Nagano, Japan, 390-8621
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Nagasaki, Japan, 856-8562
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Nara, Japan, 634-8522
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Shizuoka, Japan, 431-3192
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Tokyo, Japan, 162-8655
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Tokyo, Japan, 113-8603
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Tokyo, Japan, 173-8606
    • GSK Investigational Site
• Mexico
  • Ciudad de MExico, Mexico, 06700
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Mexico City, Mexico, 14080
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Monterrey, Mexico, 64020
    • GSK Investigational Site
• Poland
  • Czestochowa, Poland, 42-217
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Katowice, Poland, 40-659
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Myslowice, Poland, 41-400
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Warszawa, Poland, 03-712
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Wroclaw, Poland, 51-162
    • GSK Investigational Site
• Russian Federation
  • Kemerovo, Russian Federation, 650000
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Moscow, Russian Federation, 119121
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Moscow, Russian Federation, 111123
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630005
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Samara, Russian Federation, 443063
    • GSK Investigational Site
• Spain
  • Barcelona, Spain, 08036
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Madrid, Spain, 28041
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Madrid, Spain, 28007
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Sevilla, Spain, 41013
    • GSK Investigational Site
• United Kingdom
  • Basingstoke, United Kingdom, RG24 9AA
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 0QQ
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Durham, United Kingdom, DH1 5TW
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Hull, United Kingdom, HU3 2JZ
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Liverpool, United Kingdom, L9 7AL
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • London, United Kingdom, NW3 2QG
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • London, United Kingdom, E1 1FR
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom, NE4 6BE
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Plymouth, United Kingdom, PL6 8DH
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Reading Berkshire, United Kingdom, RG1 5AN
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Southampton, United Kingdom, SO16 6YD
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Surrey, United Kingdom, RH1 5RH
    • GSK Investigational Site
• United States
  • California
    • Davis, California, United States, 95817
      • GSK Investigational Site
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90048
      • GSK Investigational Site
    • San Francisco, California, United States, 94143
      • GSK Investigational Site
  • Colorado
    • Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States, 80907
      • GSK Investigational Site
  • Florida
    • Hialeah, Florida, United States, 33012
      • GSK Investigational Site
    • Miami, Florida, United States, 33136
      • GSK Investigational Site
    • Miami, Florida, United States, 33032
      • GSK Investigational Site
  • Michigan
    • Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48377
      • GSK Investigational Site
  • Mississippi
    • Jackson, Mississippi, United States, 39216
      • GSK Investigational Site
  • Nebraska
    • Omaha, Nebraska, United States, 68198-2000
      • GSK Investigational Site
  • New York
    • New York, New York, United States, 10016
      • GSK Investigational Site
  • North Carolina
    • Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27710
      • GSK Investigational Site
    • Morrisville, North Carolina, United States, 27560
      • GSK Investigational Site
  • Ohio
    • Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43210
      • GSK Investigational Site
  • Pennsylvania
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104
      • GSK Investigational Site
  • Texas
    • Dallas, Texas, United States, 75390
      • GSK Investigational Site
    • Dallas, Texas, United States, 75203
      • GSK Investigational Site
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
      • GSK Investigational Site

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 80 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male and female participants must be between 18 to 80 years of age inclusive, at the time of signing the informed consent.
• Participants who have documented PBC.
• Participants who have moderate to severe itch.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Total bilirubin >2.0 times Upper Limit of Normal (ULN) using the average of two Baseline measures.
• Screening Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) > 6 times ULN in a single Baseline measure or ALT > 5 times ULN using the average of two Baseline measures.
• Screening estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30 milliliter per minute per 1.73 square meter (mL/min/1.73m^2).
• History or presence of hepatic decompensation (e.g., variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy or ascites).
• Presence of HBsAg positive hepatitis B or hepatitis C (HCV) (anti-HCV and Ribonucleic acid [RNA] detected) infection, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), alcoholic liver disease and/or confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma or biliary cancer.
• Current clinically significant diarrhea or active inflammatory ileal disease according to Investigator´s clinical judgment.
• Current symptomatic cholelithiasis or cholecystitis.
• Current diagnosis of primary skin disorders with itch as a characteristic feature (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis).
• Primary sleep disorders such as but are not limited to sleep apnea, narcolepsy, hypersomnia.
• Initiation, discontinuation or change in dose of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), bezafibrate or fenofibrate in the 8 weeks prior to Screening.
• Use of obeticholic acid: within 8 weeks prior to Screening. (Participants may not initiate or restart during the study).
• Initiation, discontinuation, or change in dose of any of the following in the 8 weeks prior to Screening: bile acid binding resins, rifampicin, naltrexone, naloxone, nalfurafine, pregabalin, gabapentin, sertraline or other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs), antihistamines used for the treatment of itching.
• Administration of any other human ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitor in the 12 weeks prior to screening.
• Any planned procedures intended to treat cholestatic pruritus such as nasobiliary drainage or ultraviolet light therapy from Screening and throughout the study.
• History of sensitivity or intolerance to the study treatment.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

6

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Part A: Linerixibat 40 milligrams (mg); Participants were randomized to receive linerixibat 40 mg tablet orally twice a day (BID) in Part A (up to Week 24).	Drug: Linerixibat; Participants will receive linerixibat.
Experimental: Part A: Placebo; Participants were randomized to receive Placebo orally twice a day (BID) in Part A (up to Week 24).	Drug: Linerixibat; Participants will receive linerixibat.; Drug: Placebo; Participants will receive placebo.
Placebo Comparator: Part B: Placebo in Part A and Part B; Participants who were randomized to receive Placebo (up to Week 24) orally twice a day (BID) in Part A, continued to receive Placebo (from Week 24 to Week 32) orally twice a day (BID) in Part B.	Drug: Placebo; Participants will receive placebo.
Experimental: Part B: Placebo in Part A and Linerixibat 40 mg in Part B; Participants who were randomized to receive Placebo (up to Week 24) orally twice a day (BID) in Part A, switched to receive linerixibat 40 mg tablet orally twice a day (BID) (from Week 24 to Week 32) in Part B.	Drug: Linerixibat; Participants will receive linerixibat.; Drug: Placebo; Participants will receive placebo.
Experimental: Part B: Linerixibat 40 mg in Part A and Placebo in Part B; Participants who were randomized to receive linerixibat 40 mg tablet orally BID (up to Week 24) in Part A, switched to receive Placebo (from Week 24 to Week 32) orally twice a day (BID) in Part B.	Drug: Linerixibat; Participants will receive linerixibat.; Drug: Placebo; Participants will receive placebo.
Experimental: Part B: Linerixibat 40 mg in Part A and Part B; Participants who were randomized to receive linerixibat 40 mg tablet orally twice a day (BID) (up to Week 24) in Part A, continued to receive linerixibat 40 mg twice a day (BID) (from Week 24 to Week 32) in Part B.	Drug: Linerixibat; Participants will receive linerixibat.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Part A: Mean Change From Baseline in Monthly Itch Scores Over 24 Weeks Using Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)	Itch Scores were assessed using a NRS twice daily, ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 represents no itching and 10 the worst imaginable itching. The worst daily itch score was defined as the worst of the two scores recorded daily. The weekly itch score was defined as the average of the worst daily itch scores in one week. The monthly itch score was defined as the worst weekly itch score for the month (4 weeks). Higher monthly itch scores indicate worse itching. Baseline is the worst weekly itch score in the 28 days prior to randomization (Day 1). Change from Baseline is defined as the post dose value minus baseline value. Least-squares (LS) means and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals are reported by taking average of LS means of change from baseline in monthly itch scores obtained over 24 weeks using equal weighting for all time points. Analyzed using Mixed Model Repeated Measures (MMRM) method.	Baseline and up to Week 24

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Part A: Mean Change From Baseline in Weekly Itch Score at Week 2 Using NRS	Itch Score was assessed using a twice daily NRS, ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 represents no itching and 10 the worst imaginable itching. The worst daily itch score was defined as the worst of the two scores recorded daily. The weekly itch score was defined as the average of the worst daily itch scores in one week. Higher weekly itch scores indicate worse itching. Baseline is the average of the Worst Daily Itch scores in the 7 days prior to randomization (Day 1). Change from Baseline is defined as the Week 2 value minus baseline value. Key secondary endpoints were tested in a step-down/hierarchical approach. Mean Change from Baseline in Weekly Itch Score at Week 2 was the first endpoint tested in the hierarchical analysis. LS mean and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals are reported using Mixed Model Repeated Measures (MMRM) method.	Baseline and at Week 2
Part A: Mean Change From Baseline in Monthly Sleep Score Over 24 Weeks Using NRS	Sleep Scores were assessed using an NRS scale, ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 represents no sleep interference and 10 is complete sleep interference. The weekly sleep scale is the average of the daily sleep scores for each week. The monthly sleep score was defined as the worst weekly sleep score for the month (4 weeks). Higher monthly sleep scores indicate higher impact on sleep. Baseline is the worst Weekly Sleep Score in the 28 days prior to randomization (Day 1). Change from Baseline is defined as the post dose value minus baseline value. LS means and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals are reported by taking average of LS means of change from baseline in monthly sleep scores obtained over 24 weeks using equal weighting for all time points analyzed using Mixed Model Repeated Measures (MMRM) method. Mean Change from Baseline in Monthly Sleep Score over 24 weeks was the second endpoint tested in the hierarchical analysis.	Baseline up to Week 24
Part A: Percentage of Responders Defined as Achieving More Than or Equal to (>=) 2-point Reduction From Baseline in the Monthly Itch Score at Week 24	Monthly Itch Score was assessed using an NRS, ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 represents no itching and 10 the worst imaginable itching. The Monthly Itch Score was determined from the worst weekly itch score for the month (4 weeks). Baseline is the worst weekly itch score in the 28 days prior to randomization (Day 1). Responders were defined as participants achieving >=2-point reduction (improvement) from baseline in the Monthly Itch Score. Percentage of Responders achieving >= 2-point Reduction from Baseline in the Monthly Itch Score at Week 24 was the third endpoint tested in the hierarchical analysis.	At Week 24
Part A: Percentage of Responders Achieving >=3-point Reduction From Baseline in the Monthly Itch Score at Week 24	Monthly Itch Score was assessed using an NRS, ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 represents no itching and 10 the worst imaginable itching. The Monthly Itch Score was determined from the worst weekly itch score for the month (4 weeks). Baseline is the worst weekly itch score in the 28 days prior to randomization. Responders were defined as participants achieving >=3-point reduction (improvement) from baseline in the Monthly Itch Score. Percentage of Responders achieving >= 3-point Reduction from Baseline in the Monthly Itch Score at Week 24 was the fourth endpoint to be tested in the hierarchical analysis.	At Week 24
Part A: Percentage of Responders as Achieving a >=4-point Reduction From Baseline in the Monthly Itch Score at Week 24	Monthly Itch Score was assessed using an NRS, ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 represents no itching and 10 the worst imaginable itching. The Monthly Itch Score was determined from the worst weekly itch score for the month (4 weeks). Baseline is the worst weekly itch score in the 28 days prior to randomization. Responders were defined as participants achieving >=4-point reduction (improvement) from baseline in the Monthly Itch Score. Percentage of Responders achieving >= 4-point Reduction from Baseline in the Monthly Itch Score at Week 24 was the fifth endpoint to be tested in the hierarchical analysis.	At Week 24
Part A: Mean Change From Baseline in Primary Biliary Cholangitis-40 (PBC-40) Domain Scores at Week 24	PBC-40 is a disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaire validated for use in participants with PBC. It consists of 40 questions, which are grouped into 6 domains with 3 to 11 questions per domain. Each question is scored from 1 (least impact) to 5 (greatest impact). For all questions, an answer of "Does/Did not apply" was scored 0. All questions within a domain are summed to obtain individual domain score. Domains were: Symptoms (7 questions) with score range 6 to 35, Itch (3 questions) with score range 0 to 15, Fatigue (11 questions) with score range 11 to 55 , Cognitive (6 questions) with score range 6 to 30 , Emotional (3 questions) with score range 3 to 15 and Social (10 questions) with score range 8 to 50 . Higher scores for individual domains represent poorer quality of life. Baseline is the last assessment prior to the first dose of randomized treatment (Day 1). Change from Baseline was calculated as Week 24 value minus Baseline value.	Baseline up to Week 24
Part A: Mean Change From Baseline in Patient's Global Impression of Severity (PGI-S) Over 24 Weeks	The Patient's Global Impression of Severity (PGI-S) is a patient-reported outcome measure used to assess the severity of symptoms from the participant's perspective. The PGI-S asks participant to rate the severity of their itch in the past 7 days on a single item, using a scale ranging from 0 (absent) to 5 (very severe). Higher score indicates higher severity. Baseline is the last assessment prior to the first dose of randomized treatment for Part A (Day 1). Change from Baseline is defined as the post dose value minus baseline value. LS means and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals are reported by taking average of LS means of change from baseline in PGI-S obtained over 24 weeks using equal weighting for all time points, analyzed using Mixed Model Repeated Measures (MMRM) method.	Baseline and up to Week 24
Part A: Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGI-C) Scores Over 24 Weeks	Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGI-C) was assessed using a 7-level response scale, ranging from 1 (very much improved) to 7 (very much worse). Higher score indicates higher level of change. LS means and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals are reported by taking average of LS means of PGI-C obtained over 24 weeks using equal weighting for all timepoints, analyzed using Mixed Model Repeated Measures (MMRM) method.	Week 4 up to Week 24
Part A: Mean Change From Baseline in Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) at Week 24	Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for evaluation of ALP. Change from Baseline in ALP at Week 24 was evaluated. Baseline was established using an average of two sets of laboratory values obtained at least 4 weeks apart within 56 days prior to randomization (Day 1). Change from Baseline was calculated as Week 24 value minus Baseline value.	Baseline and Week 24
Part A: Mean Change From Baseline in Bilirubin at Week 24	Blood samples were collected at indicated time points for evaluation of Bilirubin. Change from Baseline in total bilirubin at Week 24 was evaluated. Baseline was established using an average of two sets of laboratory values obtained at least 4 weeks apart within 56 days prior to randomization (Day 1). Change from Baseline was calculated as Week 24 value minus Baseline value.	Baseline and Week 24

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: GlaxoSmithKline
• Investigators: Study Director: GSK Clinical Trials, GlaxoSmithKline

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): August 27, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 28, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): December 20, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 25, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 25, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): July 6, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 22, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 2, 2025
• Last Verified: July 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Itch; Pruritus; Cholestasis; GLISTEN; GSK2330672; Primary biliary cholangitis
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Digestive System Diseases; Skin Manifestations; Biliary Tract Diseases; Liver Diseases; Skin Diseases; Bile Duct Diseases; Fibrosis; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic; Cholestasis; Liver Cirrhosis; Cholangitis; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary; Pruritus
• Other Study ID Numbers: 212620

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: IPD for this study will be made available via the Clinical Study Data Request site.
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: IPD will be made available within 6 months of publishing the results of the primary endpoints, a key secondary endpoints and safety data of the study.
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Access is provided after a research proposal is submitted and has received approval from the Independent Review Panel and after a Data Sharing Agreement is in place. Access is provided for an initial period of 12 months but an extension can be granted, when justified, for up to another 12 months.
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL; SAP; ICF; CSR

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No