Effect of 100% Orange Juice on Food Intake and Glycemic Response in Adults

Effect of 100% Orange Juice Intake on Subjective Appetite, Food Intake, Glycemic Response and Subjective Mood in Healthy Adults

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of 100% orange juice on short-term food intake (FI), satiety, post-prandial glycemia and mood in healthy adults. We hypothesize that the consumption of 100% orange juice in the pre-meal environment will improve satiety signals and mood, and suppress FI through its effect on post-prandial glycemia.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Healthy; Adult; Glycemic Response; Appetite
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Orange juice; Other: Orange flavoured drink; Other: Water

Detailed Description

A randomized within-subjects repeated measures design will be employed. Study visits will take place in the morning, separated one-week apart. At each session, participants will consume one of three treatments: 1) 100% orange juice; 2) orange flavoured drink; or 3) water. Glycemic response will be measured for 60 minutes (baseline (0 minutes), 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes and 60 minutes) post-treatment via finger prick. Blood glucose measures will also be provided over 24 hours via a Dexcom G6 continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device. Subjective appetite, emotions and mood will be measured for 90 minutes min (baseline (0 minutes), 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes) post-treatment. At 60 minutes, participants will consume an ad libitum pizza lunch to evaluate food intake. After lunch, participants will be sent home with a rest-of-the-day food intake sheet to record their snacks, meals, and beverages, as well as a physical activity log to record their physical activity for the rest of the day following test session completion.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 36
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Ontario
    • Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3
      • Centre for Urban Innovation (CUI-109), School of Nutrition, Ryerson University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 45 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• aged 18-45 years;
• within the healthy body mass index (BMI) range for adults of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2.

Exclusion Criteria:

• individuals who are dieting;
• restrained eaters;
• breakfast skippers;
• those who dislike breakfast or lunch treatment foods;
• those taking medication;
• individuals with any metabolic disorders or significant weight fluctuations.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Orange juice; Treatment beverage	Other: Orange juice; Matched for volume (240 mL/ 8 oz) of other test beverages. 100% orange juice.
Experimental: Orange flavoured drink; Treatment beverage	Other: Orange flavoured drink; Matched for volume (240 mL/ 8 oz) of other test beverages. Orange flavoured drink
Experimental: Water; Treatment beverage	Other: Water; Matched for volume (240 mL/ 8 oz) of other test beverages. Water control

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change from baseline glycemic response (acute phase)	Blood glucose (mmol/L). Three drops of blood from the finger will be collected at each time point using a single-use, auto-disabling lancet device and sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate capillary blood collection tubes. Blood glucose will be measured using a YSI 2900D Biochemistry Analyzer (YSI Inc., Yellow Springs, OH).	Collected at baseline (0 minutes), 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes post-treatment consumption
Rest-of-day blood glucose concentrations	Blood glucose (mmol/L). Rest-of-day blood glucose concentrations will be determined using a Dexcom G6 CGM system.	Continuous measurements for 24 hours post-treatment consumption
Ad libitum food intake	Lunch pizza meal. Food intake will be determined by weighing the meal before and after serving. The net weight of the test meal will be converted to calories.	At 60 minutes post-treatment consumption

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change from baseline subjective appetite	Measured using visual analogue scales (VAS). Each VAS is a 100 mm line where they will place a pencil mark to describe their feelings. Questions will include desire to eat, fullness, hunger, and prospective food consumption. Individual questions will be used to form a composite score.	Collected at baseline (0 minutes), 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes post-treatment consumption
Change from baseline subjective emotions and mood	Measured using visual analogue scales. Each VAS is a 100 mm line where they will place a pencil mark to describe their feelings. Questions will measure aggression, anger, excitement, disappointment, frustration, alertness, sadness, tension, effort, happiness, weariness, calmness, sleepiness, and wellness. Individual questions will be used to form a composite score.	Collected at baseline (0 minutes), 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes post-treatment consumption
Rest-of-the-day food intake	Participants will be sent home with a rest-of-the-day food intake recall sheet to record their snacks, meals, and beverages. Rest of day food log	For the rest of the day following test session completion (1 day)
Rest-of-the-day physical activity	Participants will be sent home with a rest-of-the-day physical activity recall sheet to record any activities performed. Physical activity questionnaire	For the rest of the day following test session completion (1 day)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Ryerson University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 1, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 22, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): December 22, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 11, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 17, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): August 19, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): March 6, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 2, 2023
• Last Verified: March 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Adults; Appetite; Food intake; Blood glucose; Glycemic response; Orange juice
• Other Study ID Numbers: REB: 2021-177

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No