Salmon Peptide Fraction: Safety and Cardiometabolic Health (SPF1)

Supplementation With Salmon Peptide Fraction in Overweight-Obese Men and Women: Safety, Cardiometabolic Health Effects and Mechanisms of Action

The overall goal of this study is to verify the safety of 15g of salmon peptide fraction (SPF), and to test the effects on metabolic syndrome risk factors of two doses of SPF (7.5g and 15g) in overweight-obese men and women. Transcriptomic, metabolomic and metagenomic approaches will be used to study the physiological effects of SPF and to discover the potential mechanism underlying these effects.

Study Overview

• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Conditions: Metabolic Syndrome
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Supplement dose 15g/d; Dietary supplement: Supplement dose 7.5g/d

Detailed Description

Increased fish consumption has been suggested to improve the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in obese subjects. While it is well documented that marine long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) decrease CVD risk by improving the plasma lipid profile and reducing inflammation, the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in humans remains highly controversial. Animal and human studies carried out by the group of investigators over the past 20 years have shown that fish proteins can improve the plasma lipid profile, enhance insulin sensitivity and reduce obesity-linked inflammation. The investigators also reported that a salmon protein hydrolysate reduces body fat and increases insulin sensitivity via its calcitonin content and they observed that protein hydrolysates from salmon and other fish sources reduced inflammation in visceral adipose tissue in rodents. The investigators therefore decided a few years ago to focus on the identification of bioactive peptides from fish proteins to explore the potential of increasing the efficacy of fish muscle protein hydrolysates to prevent/treat the MetS. The investigators hypothesized that it was the peptides produced from gastrointestinal digestion that were responsible for the remarkable bioactive effects of fish proteins on the MetS. The investigators have also confirmed that a small peptides fraction (SPF) from salmon protein markedly reduces the development of T2D and inflammation in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced, obese, atherosclerosis-prone mouse LDLr knockout (KO). These findings are very promising and suggest that fish protein-derived peptides or amino acids may also explain the beneficial effects of dietary fish intake on the MetS, T2D and CVD. Additional studies are required to validate these observations, delineate the mechanisms, and assess their direct impact in human clinical trials.

Subjects will take an oral dose of 15 g of SPF or comparator per day (powder mixed with water) in the first intervention phase (6 weeks), then 7.5 g of SPF or comparator per day (powder mixed with water) in the second intervention phase (6 weeks).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 53
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Geneviève Pilon, PhD; Phone Number: 3783 418-656-8711; Email: Genevieve.Pilon@criucpq.ulaval.ca
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Julie Marois, MSc; Phone Number: 405764 418-656-2131; Email: julie.marois@fsaa.ulaval.ca

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Québec, Canada, G1V 0A6
    • INAF, Université Laval

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 75 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• BMI between 25 and 35 kg/m2
• Waist circumference ≥ 94 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women
• Meet at least one of the following criteria:

Plasma TG > 1.35 mmol/L Fasting glycemia ≥ 5,6 mmol/L and ≤ 6,9 mmol/L HbA1c ≥ 5,7% and ≤ 6.4% Insulin concentration > 42 pmol/L

Exclusion Criteria:

• Smoker
• Suffering from any metabolic disorder requiring pharmacological treatment
• Taking any medications or natural health products affecting glucose metabolism or plasma lipid levels
• Use of protein supplements, probiotics supplements or antibiotics within the last 3 months
• Taste aversion for fish/seafood
• Fish-seafood or casein/milk protein or any non-medicinal ingredients allergy
• Lactose intolerance
• Regular alcohol consumption (>2 drinks/d)
• >5% weight loss over the last 3 months
• Major surgery within the last 3 months
• Pregnant and breastfeeding women

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: SPF; Salmon peptide fraction supplement: powder mixed in water	Dietary supplement: Supplement dose 15g/d; Supplementation with 15g/day of SPF or Comparator; Dietary supplement: Supplement dose 7.5g/d; Supplementation with 7.5g/d of SPF ou comparator
Active Comparator: Comparator; Casein peptide fraction supplement: powder mixed in water	Dietary supplement: Supplement dose 15g/d; Supplementation with 15g/day of SPF or Comparator; Dietary supplement: Supplement dose 7.5g/d; Supplementation with 7.5g/d of SPF ou comparator

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in hepatic enzymes using blood sampling	Measure hepatic enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) to test the safety of SPF	Change between the beginning and the end of the intervention (6 weeks)
Change in renal function using blood sampling	Measure creatinine to test the safety of SPF	Change between the beginning and the end of the intervention (6 weeks)
Change in complete blood count using blood sampling	Measure of complete blood count to test th safety of SPF	Change between the beginning and the end of the intervention (6 weeks)
Adverse event and general acceptability evaluated by questionnaires	To test the safety of SPF	Change between the beginning and the end of the intervention (6 weeks)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in lipid profile	Evaluation of plasma triglycerides (TG), Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, Apolipoprotein B and free fatty acids	Change between the beginning and the end of the intervention (6 weeks)
Change in glucose metabolism	Evaluation of blood glucose concentration during a 3h oral glucose tolerance test	Change between the beginning and th end of the intervention (6 weeks)
Change in insulin secretion	Evaluation of blood insulin and C-peptide concentration during a 3h oral glucose tolerance test	Change between the beginning and th end of the intervention (6 weeks)
Change in blood pressure	Evaluation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure to test metabolic syndrome risk factors	Change between the beginning and th end of the intervention (6 weeks)
Change in body mass index	Evaluation of BMI by measuring weight and height to test metabolic risk factors	Change between the beginning and th end of the intervention (6 weeks)
Change in waist circumference	Measure of waist circumference to test metabolic risk factors	Change between the beginning and th end of the intervention (6 weeks)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Laval University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 1, 2021
• Primary Completion (Estimated): March 30, 2024
• Study Completion (Estimated): March 30, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 24, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 24, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): August 27, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 27, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 24, 2023
• Last Verified: November 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Insulin Resistance; Hyperinsulinism; Metabolic Syndrome
• Other Study ID Numbers: SPF1 2021-157

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No