Effects of Tactile Massage in Long-Term Care Facilities

Effects of Tactile Massage in Improving Older Residents' Psychological Health and Related Indicators in Long-Term Care Facilities

The older residents in the long-term care facilities frequently experience loneliness, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Improving residents' psychological health problems is one of the important tasks for nursing staff. Individual experiences a sense of security and feels of being cared for after tactile massage (TM).The randomized controlled trial research design and convenience sampling will be employed. Through skin-to-skin contact, the oxytocin can be induced to make individual feel relaxed, reduce anxiety, and feel pleasure. The randomized controlled trial research design and convenience sampling will be employed. The eligible residents will be randomly assigned to intervention group and comparison group (usual care). The intervention group will receive two 15-min tactile massages per week for 4 weeks. The comparison group will receive regular care and activities.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Loneliness
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Tactile massage

Detailed Description

The older residents in the long-term care facilities frequently experience loneliness, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. The negative emotions might affect residents' quality of life and even increase their mortality. Improving residents' psychological health problems is one of the important tasks for nursing staff. Individual experiences a sense of security and feels of being cared for after tactile massage (TM). Through skin-to-skin contact, the oxytocin can be induced to make individual feel relaxed, reduce anxiety, and feel pleasure. Moreover, TM does not need any tools and can be conducted at any time and any place. It is very convenient and accessible. Therefore, the purpose of this study is going to examine the effects of tactile massage in improving older residents' mental health and physiological effect in LTCFs. The randomized controlled trial research design and convenience sampling will be employed. LTCFs will be selected and contacted by researchers. The eligible residents will be randomly assigned to intervention group and comparison group (usual care). The intervention group will receive two 15-min tactile massages per week for 4 weeks. The comparison group will receive regular care and activities. Data will be collected at baseline, after intervention using questionnaires including demographic and related information questionnaire, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) loneliness Scale version 3, Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, Geriatric Depression Scale short form (GDS-SF).Chinese Happiness Inventory, comfort Visual Analogue Scale, Relaxed Visual Analogue Scale, and vital signs. Data analysis will be conducted by performing percentage, mean, t-test, chi-square, and generalized estimating equations (GEE) using SPSS 22.0 software. Intention-to-treat analysis will be applied in this study.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 73
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Taiwan
  • Taipei, Taiwan, 236
    • Tung Jen Hospital
  • Yilan
    • Tainan, Yilan, Taiwan, 27047
      • Suao Veterans Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 65 years and older (Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• have lived in long-term care facilities for over one month
• conscious clear and can clearly express him or herself.

Exclusion Criteria:

• infection disease and skin problems
• psychiatric disorders
• loss sense of both hands.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Tactile massage; Tactile massage 1 will receivetwo 15-min tactile massages (hand massage) per week for 4 weeks	Other: Tactile massage; Tactile massage will receive two 15-min tactile massages(hand massage) per week for 4weeks
No Intervention: comparison group; The comparison group will receive regular care and activities.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)loneliness Scale version 3	A 20-item scale designed to measure one's subjective feelings of loneliness as well as feelings of social isolation. Participants rate each item on a scale from 1 (Never) to 4 (Often). The total score ranged 20~80 points, with a higher score indicating high level of loneliness	baseline, pre-intervention(T0)
University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)loneliness Scale version 3	A 20-item scale designed to measure one's subjective feelings of loneliness as well as feelings of social isolation. Participants rate each item on a scale from 1 (Never) to 4 (Often). The total score ranged 20~80 points, with a higher score indicating high level of loneliness	after the completion of the intervention(T1)
Geriatric Depression Scale short form (GDS-SF)	The Geriatric Depression Scale is a 15-item "yes/no" self-report measure of depressive symptom.The individual is asked to report whether they have experienced these symptoms over the past week. The Geriatric Depression Scale has a maximum score of 15, with higher scores representing more severe symptoms.	baseline, pre-intervention(T0)
Geriatric Depression Scale short form (GDS-SF)	The Geriatric Depression Scale is a 15-item "yes/no" self-report measure of depressive symptom.The individual is asked to report whether they have experienced these symptoms over the past week. The Geriatric Depression Scale has a maximum score of 15, with higher scores representing more severe symptoms.	after the completion of the intervention(T1)
Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI)	The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory is a 20-item "yes/no" self-report measure of Anxiety symptom.The individual is asked to report whether they have experienced these symptoms over the past week. The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory has a maximum score of 20, with higher scores representing more severe symptoms.	baseline, pre-intervention(T0)
Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI)	The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory is a 20-item "yes/no" self-report measure of Anxiety symptom.The individual is asked to report whether they have experienced these symptoms over the past week. The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory has a maximum score of 20, with higher scores representing more severe symptoms.	after the completion of the intervention(T1)
body temperature(BT)	body temperature use ear thermometer measure temperature，normal body temperature can range between 36.1 C and 37.2 C .	baseline, pre-intervention(T0)
body temperature(BT)	body temperature use ear thermometer measure temperature，normal body temperature can range between 36.1 C and 37.2 C .	through study completion, an average of 1 weeks(T1)
body temperature(BT)	body temperature use ear thermometer measure temperature，normal body temperature can range between 36.1 C and 37.2 C .	through study completion,week 2 (T2)
body temperature(BT)	body temperature use ear thermometer measure temperature，normal body temperature can range between 36.1 C and 37.2 C .	through study completion, week 3 (T3)
body temperature(BT)	body temperature use ear thermometer measure temperature，normal body temperature can range between 36.1 C and 37.2 C .	after the completion of the intervention(T4)
blood pressure(BP)	Upper Arm blood pressure monitor measure, blood pressure is considered to be between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg	baseline, pre-intervention(T0)
blood pressure(BP)	Upper Arm blood pressure monitor measure, blood pressure is considered to be between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg	through study completion, an average of 1 weeks(T1)
blood pressure(BP)	Upper Arm blood pressure monitor measure, blood pressure is considered to be between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg	through study completion,week 2 (T2)
blood pressure(BP)	Upper Arm blood pressure monitor measure, blood pressure is considered to be between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg	through study completion, week 3 (T3)
blood pressure(BP)	Upper Arm blood pressure monitor measure, blood pressure is considered to be between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg	after the completion of the intervention(T4)
heart rate(HR)	measure heart rate, simply check pulse. To check your pulse at your wrist, two fingers between the bone and the tendon over your radial artery . ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.	baseline, pre-intervention(T0)
heart rate(HR)	measure heart rate, simply check pulse. To check your pulse at your wrist, two fingers between the bone and the tendon over your radial artery . ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.	through study completion, an average of 1 weeks(T1)
heart rate(HR)	measure heart rate, simply check pulse. To check your pulse at your wrist, two fingers between the bone and the tendon over your radial artery . ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.	through study completion,week 2 (T2)
heart rate(HR)	measure heart rate, simply check pulse. To check your pulse at your wrist, two fingers between the bone and the tendon over your radial artery . ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.	through study completion, week 3 (T3)
heart rate(HR)	measure heart rate, simply check pulse. To check your pulse at your wrist, two fingers between the bone and the tendon over your radial artery . ranges from 60 to 100 beats per minute.	after the completion of the intervention(T4)
breathing rate(RR)	The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises. The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 20 breaths per minute.	baseline, pre-intervention(T0)
breathing rate(RR)	The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises. The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 20 breaths per minute.	through study completion, an average of 1 weeks(T1)
breathing rate(RR)	The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises. The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 20 breaths per minute.	through study completion,week 2 (T2)
breathing rate(RR)	The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises. The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 20 breaths per minute.	through study completion, week 3 (T3)
breathing rate(RR)	The respiration rate is the number of breaths a person takes per minute. The rate is usually measured when a person is at rest and simply involves counting the number of breaths for one minute by counting how many times the chest rises. The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 20 breaths per minute.	after the completion of the intervention(T4)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Chinese Happiness Inventory	A 10-item scale designed to measure one's subjective feelings of Happiness . Participants rate each item on a scale from 0 to 3. The total score ranged 0~30 points, with a higher score indicating high level of happy	baseline, pre-intervention(T0)
Chinese Happiness Inventory	A 10-item scale designed to measure one's subjective feelings of Happiness . Participants rate each item on a scale from 0 to 3. The total score ranged 0~30 points, with a higher score indicating high level of happy	after the completion of the intervention(T1)
comfort Visual Analogue Scale	providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater comfort intensity	baseline, pre-intervention(T0)
comfort Visual Analogue Scale	providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater comfort intensity	through study completion, an average of 1 weeks(T1)
comfort Visual Analogue Scale	providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater comfort intensity	through study completion, week 2 (T2)
comfort Visual Analogue Scale	providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater comfort intensity	through study completion, week 3 (T3)
comfort Visual Analogue Scale	providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater comfort intensity	after the completion of the intervention(T4)
Relaxed Visual Analogue Scale	providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater Relaxed intensity	baseline, pre-intervention(T0)
Relaxed Visual Analogue Scale	providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater Relaxed intensity	through study completion, an average of 1 weeks(T1)
Relaxed Visual Analogue Scale	providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater Relaxed intensity	through study completion, week 2 (T2)
Relaxed Visual Analogue Scale	providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater Relaxed intensity	through study completion, week 3 (T3)
Relaxed Visual Analogue Scale	providing a range of scores from 0-10. A higher score indicates greater Relaxed intensity	after the completion of the intervention(T4)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Taipei Medical University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Yucel SC, Arslan GG, Bagci H. Effects of Hand Massage and Therapeutic Touch on Comfort and Anxiety Living in a Nursing Home in Turkey: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Relig Health. 2020 Feb;59(1):351-364. doi: 10.1007/s10943-019-00813-x.
• Nakano H, Kodama T, Ueda T, Mori I, Tani T, Murata S. Effect of Hand and Foot Massage Therapy on Psychological Factors and EEG Activity in Elderly People Requiring Long-Term Care: A Randomized Cross-Over Study. Brain Sci. 2019 Mar 4;9(3):54. doi: 10.3390/brainsci9030054.
• Kunikata H, Watanabe K, Miyoshi M, Tanioka T. The effects measurement of hand massage by the autonomic activity and psychological indicators. J Med Invest. 2012;59(1-2):206-12. doi: 10.2152/jmi.59.206.
• McFeeters S, Pront L, Cuthbertson L, King L. Massage, a complementary therapy effectively promoting the health and well-being of older people in residential care settings: a review of the literature. Int J Older People Nurs. 2016 Dec;11(4):266-283. doi: 10.1111/opn.12115. Epub 2016 Feb 15.
• Suzuki M, Tatsumi A, Otsuka T, Kikuchi K, Mizuta A, Makino K, Kimoto A, Fujiwara K, Abe T, Nakagomi T, Hayashi T, Saruhara T. Physical and psychological effects of 6-week tactile massage on elderly patients with severe dementia. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2010 Dec;25(8):680-6. doi: 10.1177/1533317510386215.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): August 1, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 13, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): December 25, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 2, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 10, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): September 22, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 27, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 23, 2023
• Last Verified: July 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: N202002045

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No