Phase II Study of AVX/COVID-12 Vaccine in Subjects With Prior SARS-CoV-2 Immunity Evidence

Phase II Study to Evaluate Immunogenicity and Safety in Subjects With Evidence of Prior Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 of a Single Intramuscular or Intranasal Dose of the Live Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Based AVX/COVID-12 Vaccine

This is a Phase II study with single-blinded safety phase followed by double-blinded randomization, placebo-controlled, of administration of a single dose by two different administration routes (intramuscular route or intranasal route), to evaluate immunogenicity and safety of the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (AVX/COVID-12 vaccine) based a live Newcastle disease viral vector (rNDV) in 396 healthy subjects with evidence of prior immunity to SARS-CoV-2, followed by a booster response assessment with an intramuscular dose of COVID-19 vaccine (ChAdOx-1 -S[recombinant]) in subjects originally randomized to the placebo arm at several research sites in Mexico City.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: SARS CoV 2 Infection
• Intervention / Treatment: Biological: Recombinant NDV Vectored Vaccine for SARS-CoV-2; Biological: Placebo

Detailed Description

General objective:

To demonstrate immunogenicity due to the administration of a single dose of AVX/COVID-12 vaccine at a dose of 108.0 EID50%/dose by the intramuscular or intranasal route in subjects with evidence of prior immunity to SARS-CoV-2.

Primary objectives:

• To demonstrate an increase in the total titers of neutralizing anti-Spike IgG antibodies in serum, as well as an increase in the proportion of peripheral blood T lymphocytes that produce interferon gamma in response to stimulation with Spike protein or peptides derived from Spike protein, 14 days after intramuscular administration of a single dose of AVX/COVID-12 vaccine (108.0 EID50%/dose) compared to the response obtained after administration of placebo.
• To demonstrate an increase in the total titers of neutralizing anti-Spike IgG antibodies in serum, as well as an increase in the proportion of peripheral blood T lymphocytes that produce interferon gamma in response to stimulation with Spike protein or peptides derived from Spike protein, 14 days after intranasal administration of a single dose of AVX/COVID-12 vaccine (108.0 EID50%/dose) compared with the response obtained after administration of placebo.

Secondary objectives:

• To evaluate serum titers of IgG anti-Spike antibodies and neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at 0, 14, 42, 90, 180 and 365 days after intramuscular or intranasal administration of the AVX/COVID-12 vaccine.
• To assess the proportion of proliferating cells and cytokine production by peripheral blood T lymphocytes in response to stimulation with Spike protein at 0, 14, 180 and 365 days after intramuscular or intranasal administration of the AVX vaccine/COVID-12.

Safety objective:

To assess the safety of immunization using a single intramuscularly or intranasally administered dose of AVX/COVID-12 vaccine in subjects with prior immunity to SARS-CoV-2.

Exploratory objectives:

• Evaluation of the increase in the immune response according to the previously defined parameters of anti-Spike IgG antibody titers, serum titers of neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, the increase in the proportion of T lymphocytes producing Gamma interferon according to two stratification schemes as long as the number of recruited subjects allows it: A) By underlying technology of the vaccines received prior to enrollment in the study. The three groups of technology to be explored are inactivated viruses, adenoviral vectors, and mRNA-based technology.

B) By specific vaccine received prior to enrollment in the study as long as the number of subjects recruited for each vaccine allows it.

• Evaluation of the local response in nasal mucous for subjects who were randomized to receive vaccination by both routes, which consists of: A) The determination and quantification of IgA anti-Spike antibodies in mucus or epithelial scraping samples or in an oral fluid rinse.

• Evaluation of the appearance of anti-N and anti-S antibodies on days -4, 7, 14, 42, 90, 180 and 365 days after intramuscular or intranasal administration of the AVX/COVID-12 vaccine.
• Evaluation of the incidence of confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in study subjects starting from vaccination in a systematic way until day 28 post-vaccination and in a targeted way (in case of suspicious symptoms) until the end of the study.
• Evaluation of the increase in the immune response according to the parameters of anti-Spike IgG-type antibody titers, anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody serum titers and an increase in the proportion of interferon gamma-producing T lymphocytes in subjects who are originally randomized to placebo and subsequently receive an intramuscular boost with COVID-19 vaccine ChAdOx-1-S[recombinant]).

Clinical trial hypothesis:

Intramuscular or intranasal administration of the AVX/COVID-12 vaccine at a dose of 108.0 EID50%/dose in subjects with prior immunity to SARS-CoV-2 (induced by vaccination) produces an increase in total serum antibody titers of type IgG anti-Spike and increases the titers of neutralizing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and additionally produces an increase in the proportion of interferon gamma-producing T lymphocytes in response to stimulation with the Spike protein or peptides derived from the Spike protein, when these parameters are analyzed 14 days after administration.

Rationale of the use of the product in clinical research:

Non-clinical studies and the phase I clinical trial have demonstrated the safety of the AVX/COVID-12 vaccine in intramuscular as well as intranasal route of administration. The signals of immunogenicity in animal models are clear. The evaluation of the immune response in healthy volunteers during the Phase I clinical study after the administration of the vaccine either intramuscularly or intranasally demonstrated the immunogenicity of the vaccine, which justifies the advance of the vaccine development program.

Clinical trial design:

A mixed with single-blind low safety phase followed by double-blind randomization, placebo-controlled, single-dose intramuscular or intranasal, phase II study, in subjects with evidence of prior immunity to SARS-CoV-2, followed by a booster response assessment phase with an intramuscular dose of COVID-19 vaccine (ChAdOx-1-S[recombinant]) in subjects originall randomized to the placebo arm. .

Description of the single-blind safety phases and the double-blind randomization placebo-controlled phase and the evaluation phase of the response to the booster with the COVID-10 vaccine (ChAdOx-1-S[recombinant]):

For each arm of the study (intramuscular or intranasal):

A) The safety phase consists of the single-blind assignment (subject blinded) to the arm that receives the AVX/COVID-12 vaccine to the first three subjects of each specific vaccine who are recruited to the study in each arm, intramuscular and intranasal, independently. The first three subjects in each arm will be subjected to a strict safety follow-up during the 7 days after the administration of the vaccine. The safety information collected during those seven days will be evaluated by an independent safety committee who will decide if it is necessary to stop the study of the specific vaccine for safety reasons or if it is possible to continue with the recruitment of the subjects of the corresponding vaccine evaluated.

B) The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase will begin when the safety committee, after having evaluated the information of the sentinel group of the first three subjects (by vaccine and by specific route of administration), gives the authorization to continue with the recruitment. From that moment on, the subjects with the corresponding vaccination history will be randomized to receive placebo or the AVX/COVID-12 vaccine in either of the two administration arms (intramuscular or intranasal) in such a way that the total number of subjects recruited of the study for this vaccine are distributed as close as possible to 1:1 vaccine: placebo, and in equilibrium between the intramuscular and intranasal arms.

C) Specific recruitment considerations (see also sample size calculation below): To allow exploratory analyzes to be carried out for each route to be tested, by vaccine technology group or by vaccine, guiding objectives (not absolute) will be for the recruitment of 66 subjects with a history of vaccination with adenoviral technologies, 66 subjects with mRNA technologies and 66 subjects with inactivated virus technologies.

D) At the end of the study period necessary to meet the primary efficacy criterion of the study (14 days after administration of the AVX/COVID-12 vaccine or placebo), the subjects who received placebo will be masked. These subjects will receive an additional dose of the COVID-19 vaccine (ChAdOx-1-S[recombinant]) intramuscularly, and immune response parameters will be reassessed in the same manner as during the double-blind phase of the study. From that moment on, all follow-ups will continue as for the arm that originally received the AVX/COVID-12 vaccine.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 158
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Mexico
  • Mexico City
    • Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico, 06760
      • Caimed Investigacion En Salud S.A. de C.V.
    • Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico, 06100
      • Centro Mexicano de Estudios Clínicos CEMDEC SA de CV
    • Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico, 07760
      • Unidad Médico Familiar No. 20 Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social
  • Oaxaca
    • Oaxaca City, Oaxaca, Mexico, 68000
      • Oaxaca Site Management Organization S.C.

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Be ≥ 18 years old.
2. Indistinct sex.
3. Having given their informed consent.
4. No respiratory problems during the last 21 days prior to administration of the single dose.
5. No conditions or alterations in the physical examination, laboratory values and cabinet that in the opinion of the investigator may interfere with the participation of the subject in the study or require a more detailed medical study.
6. Negative PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 during the screening visit.
7. Negative pregnancy test in women with pregnancy potential.
8. Signature of commitment for the use of highly effective contraceptive methods for at least 30 days after administration of the intramuscular injection or intranasal.
9. In case of presenting any chronic disease with medical management, it must be controlled and stable without changes in treatment during the last three months prior to the scrutiny visit.
10. Commitment to maintain adequate prevention measures to avoid the contagion by SARS-CoV-2 during their participation in the study, considering themselves these strict use during the first 14 days after the baseline visit (Use of face masks in closed places, social distancing measures in spaces open, and frequent hand washing).
11. Present detectable titers of anti-Spike IgG in peripheral serum during the visit of screening with titers less than 1,200 U/mL in a chemiluminescence test.
12. Submit proof of vaccination 4 months or more after the last vaccination

13. Have been vaccinated with the complete program of any of the following vaccines against SARS-CoV-2:

    • ModeRNA
    • Pfizer
    • AstraZeneca
    • CanSino
    • Sinovac
    • Sinopharm
    • Johnson & Johnson (Janssen)
    • Sputnik V

Exclusion Criteria:

1. History of hypersensitivity or allergy to any of the components of the vaccine.
2. History of severe anaphylactic reactions from any cause.
3. History of seizures.
4. Uncontrolled chronic diseases.
5. Chronic diseases that require management with immunosuppressive agents or immune response modulators (eg, systemic corticosteroids, cyclosporine, rituximab among others).
6. Oncological disease.
7. Active participation, or during the last 3 months in any other clinical study or research experimental intervention.
8. Use within 30 days prior to screening evaluation of any drug or herbal supplement, or alternative medicine (for example, transfer factor, chlorine dioxide, etc.) aimed at treating or preventing complications or contagion by SARS-CoV-2, or any other condition.
9. Febrile illness at the time of the screening visit.
10. Have received any vaccine (experimental or approved) during the 60 days prior to the scrutiny visit.
11. Having received a blood transfusion or blood components during the last 4 months prior to the scrutiny hearing.
12. Have been a plasma donor during the last 4 months prior to the visit of scrutiny.
13. Have undergone dialysis or hemodialysis procedures during the last year prior to the scrutiny visit.
14. Work on poultry or gamecock farms.
15. History of substance abuse problems that in the opinion of the investigator could interfere with the subject's ability to adequately comply with the protocol guidelines.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Sequential Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Intramuscular; 10 8.0 EID 50/dose intramuscular	Biological: Recombinant NDV Vectored Vaccine for SARS-CoV-2; Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Vectored Vaccine for SARS-CoV-2
Experimental: Intranasal; 10 8.0 EID 50/dose intranasal	Biological: Recombinant NDV Vectored Vaccine for SARS-CoV-2; Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Vectored Vaccine for SARS-CoV-2
Other: Intramuscular Placebo; Physiological saline solution of Sodium Chloride at 0.9% Intramuscular After mask opening ChAdOx-1-S[recombinant]) Intramuscular	Biological: Placebo; Physiological saline solution of Sodium Chloride at 0.9% After mask opening ChAdOx-1-S[recombinant]) Intramuscular
Other: Intranasal Placebo; Physiological saline solution of Sodium Chloride at 0.9% Intranasal After mask opening ChAdOx-1-S[recombinant]) Intramuscular	Biological: Placebo; Physiological saline solution of Sodium Chloride at 0.9% After mask opening ChAdOx-1-S[recombinant]) Intramuscular

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Titers of circulating anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies	Serum IgG, neutralizing antibodies	Day 14
T-cell elicited responses	Percentage of cells expressing IL2, TNFalpha and IFNgamma by Flow cytometry after challenge with spike protein	Day 14

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Titers of circulating anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies	Serum IgG, neutralizing antibodies	Day 0
Titers of circulating anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies	Serum IgG, neutralizing antibodies	Day 42
Titers of circulating anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies	Serum IgG, neutralizing antibodies	Day 90
Titers of circulating anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies	Serum IgG, neutralizing antibodies	Day 180
Titers of circulating anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies	Serum IgG, neutralizing antibodies	Day 365
T-cell elicited responses	Percentage of cells expressing IL2, TNFalpha and IFNgamma by Flow cytometry after challenge with spike protein	Day 0
T-cell elicited responses	Percentage of cells expressing IL2, TNFalpha and IFNgamma by Flow cytometry after challenge with spike protein	Day 180
T-cell elicited responses	Percentage of cells expressing IL2, TNFalpha and IFNgamma by Flow cytometry after challenge with spike protein	Day 365

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Safety: adverse events	Incidence of adverse events	Day 2
Safety: adverse events	Incidence of adverse events	Day 3
Safety: adverse events	Incidence of adverse events	Day 4
Safety: adverse events	Incidence of adverse events	Day 5
Safety: adverse events	Incidence of adverse events	Day 6
Safety: adverse events	Incidence of adverse events	Day 7
Safety: adverse events	Incidence of adverse events	Day 14
Safety: adverse events	Incidence of adverse events	Day 21
Safety: adverse events	Incidence of adverse events	Day 28
Safety: adverse events	Incidence of adverse events	Day 42
Safety: adverse events	Incidence of adverse events	Day 90
Safety: adverse events	Incidence of adverse events	Day 180
Safety: adverse events	Incidence of adverse events	Day 365
Titers of mucosal IgA	Mucosal IgA	Day 14
Titers of mucosal IgA	Mucosal IgA	Day 28
Safety: adverse events	Incidence of adverse events	Day 1
Titers of circulating anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, Titers of circulating anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgG and neutralizing), T-cell elicited responses	According with to two schemes stratification as long as the number of subjects recruited allows it: A) By underlying technology of the vaccines received prior to the study enrollment. The three groups of technology to be explored are viruses inactivated, adenoviral vectors and technology based on mRNA. B) By specific vaccine received prior to enrollment in the study as long as the number of subjects recruited for each vaccine allows it.	Day 14
Anti-N and anti-S antibodies	Appearance of anti-N and anti-S antibodies	Day -4
Anti-N and anti-S antibodies	Appearance of anti-N and anti-S antibodies	Day 7
Anti-N and anti-S antibodies	Appearance of anti-N and anti-S antibodies	Day 14
Anti-N and anti-S antibodies	Appearance of anti-N and anti-S antibodies	Day 42
Anti-N and anti-S antibodies	Appearance of anti-N and anti-S antibodies	Day 90
Anti-N and anti-S antibodies	Appearance of anti-N and anti-S antibodies	Day 180
Anti-N and anti-S antibodies	Appearance of anti-N and anti-S antibodies	Day 365
Incidence of confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection	Evaluation of the incidence of confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in study subjects from systematic vaccination	Day 28 until the end of the study

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Laboratorio Avi-Mex, S.A. de C.V.
• Collaborators: National Council of Science and Technology, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Laura Castro, MD, Caimed Investigacion En Salud S.A. de C.V.; Principal Investigator: Niels Hansen, MD, Unidad Médico Familiar No. 20 Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social

Publications and helpful links

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Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 23, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 9, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): July 24, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 22, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 22, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): January 25, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): October 2, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 29, 2025
• Last Verified: September 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: COVID-19; Newcastle Disease Virus; rNDV; SARS-Cov-2 Vaccine; Booster COVID-19 Vaccine
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Respiratory Tract Infections; Infections; RNA Virus Infections; Virus Diseases; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Lung Diseases; Pneumonia, Viral; Pneumonia; Coronavirus Infections; Coronaviridae Infections; Nidovirales Infections; COVID-19
• Other Study ID Numbers: AVX-SARS-CoV-2-VAC-002

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: Individual deidentified participant data (including data dictionaries) will not be shared, but only to the extent permitted in the informed consent and under Mexican law.
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: The data will be available immediately following publication and for 12 months thereafter.
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Data will be available only to investigators whose proposed use of the data has been authorized by an independent review committee and the ethics committees involved in the authorization of the protocol, and/or the Federal Commission for the Protection against Sanitary Risks (COFEPRIS) in Mexico if required by law. The permitted use of the data will be as authorized. Proposals or requests should be directed to gustavo.peralta@avimex.com.mx and authorized data requestors must sign a data access agreement.
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL; SAP; ICF

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No