- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT05317754
Effectiveness of Four Deconstructive Meditative Practices on Well-being and Self-deconstruction
Effectiveness of Four Deconstructive Meditative Practices on Well-being and Self-deconstruction: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial
The efficacy of interventions based on mindfulness and compassion has been demonstrated in both clinical and general population, and in different social contexts. These interventions include so-called attentional and constructive meditation practices, respectively. However, unlike these, there is a third group, known as deconstructive meditation practices, which has not been scientifically studied. Deconstructive practices aim to undo maladaptive cognitive patterns and generate knowledge about internal models of oneself, others and the world. Although there are theoretical and philosophical studies on the origin of addiction to the self or on the mechanisms of action associated with the deconstruction of the self, there are no randomized controlled trials evaluating these techniques in either a healthy population or clinical samples. This study aims to evaluate the effect of three deconstructive techniques by comparing them to the practice of mindfulness in the general population.
A randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) will be conducted with about 240 participants allocated (1:1:1:1) to four groups: a) mindful breathing, b) prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition; c) the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition; and d) the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition. The primary outcome will be the qualities of the non-dual experience and spiritual awakening, measured by the Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory, assessed at pre and post-treatment and at 3 and 6-month follow ups. Other outcomes will be mindfulness, happiness, compassion, affectivity and altered state of consciousness. Outcomes at each time point will be compared using mixed-effects linear regression models adjusted for baseline scores, sex and age.
This is the first RCT to apply deconstructive meditation techniques to evaluate their effect on the general population. The positive results of this project may have an important impact on the development of new interventions, not only to improve happiness and well-being in healthy populations but also potentially for the prevention and treatment of psychological and medical disorders, creating a new paradigm in the context of third-generation psychological interventions.
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Study Type
Enrollment (Estimated)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
-
-
-
Zaragoza, Spain, 50009
- Department of Psychiatry. Miguel Servet University Hospital
-
-
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Older than 18 years of age
- No psychiatric diagnosis (self-reported)
- More than 1 year's experience of daily meditation practice
- Having a computer and Internet connection at home
- Being able to read and understand the Spanish language
- Willingness to participate in the study and sign the written informed consent form
Exclusion Criteria:
- Any diagnosis of a disease that may affect the central nervous system (pathological condition affecting the brain, traumatic brain injury, dementia) or other psychiatric diagnoses or acute psychiatric illnesses (severe range of depression, substance dependence or abuse, history of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders, eating disorders), except for anxiety disorder
- Any medical, infectious or degenerative disease that may affect mood; presence of delusional ideas; and hallucinations consistent or not with mood and suicide risk
- Taking any psychiatric medication.
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Prevention
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: Double
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Mindful breathing
|
|
Experimental: Prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition
|
|
Experimental: The Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition
|
|
Experimental: The mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition
|
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the mindful breathing group.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness
|
Baseline
|
The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the mindful breathing group.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the mindful breathing group.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness
|
Three-months follow-up
|
The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the mindful breathing group.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness
|
Six-months follow-up
|
The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness
|
Baseline
|
The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness
|
Three-months follow-up
|
The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness
|
Six-months follow-up
|
The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness
|
Baseline
|
The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness
|
Three-months follow-up
|
The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness
|
Six-months follow-up
|
The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness
|
Baseline
|
The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness
|
Three-months follow-up
|
The Nondual Embodiment Thematic Inventory (NETI)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, with higher scores indicating higher levels of non-dual awareness
|
Six-months follow-up
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Sociodemographic data gender, age, nationality, current city of residence, marital status, education and for information regarding their experience with meditation.
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the mindful breathing group
|
Baseline
|
Sociodemographic data gender, age, nationality, current city of residence, marital status, education and for information regarding their experience with meditation.
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group
|
Baseline
|
Sociodemographic data gender, age, nationality, current city of residence, marital status, education and for information regarding their experience with meditation.
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group
|
Baseline
|
Sociodemographic data gender, age, nationality, current city of residence, marital status, education and for information regarding their experience with meditation.
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group
|
Baseline
|
The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the mindful breathing group
|
Baseline
|
The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the mindful breathing group
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the mindful breathing group
|
Three-months follow-up
|
The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the mindful breathing group
|
Six-months follow-up
|
The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group
|
Baseline
|
The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group
|
Three-months follow-up
|
The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group
|
Six-months follow-up
|
The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group
|
Baseline
|
The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group
|
Three-months follow-up
|
The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group
|
Six-months follow-up
|
The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group
|
Baseline
|
The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group
|
Three-months follow-up
|
The Nondual Awareness Dimensional Assessment (NADA)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group
|
Six-months follow-up
|
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the mindful breathing group.
A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness
|
Baseline
|
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the mindful breathing group.
A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the mindful breathing group.
A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness
|
Three-months follow-up
|
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the mindful breathing group.
A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness
|
Six-months follow-up
|
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness
|
Baseline
|
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness
|
Three-months follow-up
|
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness
|
Six-months follow-up
|
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness
|
Baseline
|
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness
|
Three-months follow-up
|
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness
|
Six-months follow-up
|
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness
|
Baseline
|
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness
|
Three-months follow-up
|
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
A total score, ranging from 39 to 195, is calculated by totalling the scores from all the items, and higher total values indicate better full mindfulness
|
Six-months follow-up
|
Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the mindful breathing group.
This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion
|
Baseline
|
Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the mindful breathing group.
This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the mindful breathing group.
This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion
|
Three-months follow-up
|
Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the mindful breathing group.
This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion
|
Six-months follow-up
|
Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion
|
Baseline
|
Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion
|
Three-months follow-up
|
Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion
|
Six-months follow-up
|
Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion
|
Baseline
|
Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion
|
Three-months follow-up
|
Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion
|
Six-months follow-up
|
Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion
|
Baseline
|
Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion
|
Three-months follow-up
|
Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
This scale is composed by two 20-item self-report scales measuring compassion.
A total score, ranging from 20 to 100, is calculated for each scale, and higher total values indicate higher levels of compassion
|
Six-months follow-up
|
The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the mindful breathing group.
To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being
|
Baseline
|
The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the mindful breathing group.
To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the mindful breathing group.
To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being
|
Three-months follow-up
|
The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the mindful breathing group.
To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being
|
Six-months follow-up
|
The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being
|
Baseline
|
The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being
|
Three-months follow-up
|
The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being
|
Six-months follow-up
|
The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being
|
Baseline
|
The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being
|
Three-months follow-up
|
The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being
|
Six-months follow-up
|
The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being
|
Baseline
|
The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being
|
Three-months follow-up
|
The Pemberton Happiness Index (PHI)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
To calculate the overall PHI index, which included remembered and experienced well-being, individuals' scores of the 11 items related to remembered well-being plus the sum of scores on the experienced well-being were summed; the total sum is then divided by 12, so the resulting PHI total mean score also ranges from 0 to 10. Higher total values indicate higher levels of well-being
|
Six-months follow-up
|
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the mindful breathing group.
This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect.
Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50.
Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.
|
Baseline
|
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the mindful breathing group.
This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect.
Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50.
Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the mindful breathing group.
This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect.
Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50.
Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.
|
Three-months follow-up
|
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the mindful breathing group.
This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect.
Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50.
Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.
|
Six-months follow-up
|
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect.
Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50.
Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.
|
Baseline
|
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect.
Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50.
Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect.
Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50.
Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.
|
Three-months follow-up
|
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect.
Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50.
Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.
|
Six-months follow-up
|
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect.
Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50.
Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.
|
Baseline
|
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect.
Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50.
Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect.
Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50.
Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.
|
Three-months follow-up
|
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect.
Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50.
Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.
|
Six-months follow-up
|
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect.
Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50.
Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.
|
Baseline
|
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect.
Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50.
Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect.
Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50.
Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.
|
Three-months follow-up
|
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
This questionnaire comprises 20 items and two independent dimensions: positive affect and negative effect.
Each scale has 10 items, and the score range for each is from 10 to 50.
Higher total values indicate higher level of positive affect and negative effect respectively.
|
Six-months follow-up
|
Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the mindful breathing group.
The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100).
Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.
|
Baseline
|
Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the mindful breathing group.
The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100).
Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the mindful breathing group.
The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100).
Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.
|
Three-months follow-up
|
Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the mindful breathing group.
The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100).
Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.
|
Six-months follow-up
|
Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100).
Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.
|
Baseline
|
Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100).
Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100).
Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.
|
Three-months follow-up
|
Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the prostrations, according to Tibetan Buddhist tradition, group.
The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100).
Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.
|
Six-months follow-up
|
Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100).
Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.
|
Baseline
|
Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100).
Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100).
Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.
|
Three-months follow-up
|
Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the Koan Mu, according to Zen Buddhist tradition, group.
The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100).
Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.
|
Six-months follow-up
|
Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)
Time Frame: Baseline
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100).
Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.
|
Baseline
|
Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)
Time Frame: Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100).
Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.
|
Post-treatment 60 days from baseline
|
Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)
Time Frame: Three-months follow-up
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100).
Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.
|
Three-months follow-up
|
Altered state of consciousness rating scale (OAV)
Time Frame: Six-months follow-up
|
In the mirror exercise, according to Toltec tradition, group.
The items are scored by measuring the millimeters from the low end of the scale to the subject's mark (integers from 0-100).
Higher values indicate higher perception of an altered state of consciousness.
|
Six-months follow-up
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Estimated)
Study Completion (Estimated)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Other Study ID Numbers
- PI22/110
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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