Pandemic Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (Pan-ACT): Telehealth Delivery With Older Veterans (Pan-ACT)

Pandemic Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (Pan-ACT): Feasibility and Acceptability of Telehealth Delivery With Older Veterans

Older adults have been disproportionately impacted and distressed by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Social distancing and stay-at-home orders have increased older adults' risk of social isolation and loneliness that will has led to a pandemic-induced fear of being in close proximity to other people. These fears and avoidant behaviors will have lasting effects if not treated with effective, safe, and convenient psychological interventions. This study will evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of delivering a small group intervention, called Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), through a telehealth modality to Veterans ages 60 and older who are experiencing pandemic-related emotional and physical distress. ACT helps decrease emotional suffering, improve well-being and promote positive behavior change by increasing one's psychological flexibility through the practice of mindfulness, acceptance, and values-based behaviors. The knowledge gained from this study will be used to better tailor the invention to meet the needs of older Veterans in an era of post-pandemic recovery.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Psychological Stress
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Pandemic Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (Pan-ACT)

Detailed Description

Significance: Accounting for over 80% of COVID-19 related deaths in the United States, adults ages 60 and older have been disproportionately impacted by this pandemic more than any other age group. As a result, they may bear a heavy psychological burden in the months and years to come. Older adults have been labeled "vulnerable" to COVID-19 and strongly encouraged to adhere to "social distancing." This prevention measure is meant to mitigate the spread of the virus but has increased older adults' risk of social isolation and loneliness, which are two known correlates of increased morbidity and mortality in late life. Pandemic-related restrictions have decreased older adults' life-space mobility and negatively affected their physical and nutritional well-being, impairing their quality of life and potentially increasing their vulnerability to poorer outcomes if exposed to COVID-19. Research has documented a plethora of pandemic-related stressors that are common among older adults (e.g., fear of infection, loss of loved ones, financial repercussions) and the culminating psychological impact. Telehealth-adapted evidence-based psychological interventions are needed to address the psychosocial and physical toll of the pandemic among older Veterans. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) decreases emotional suffering, improves well-being, promotes and supports healthy behavior changes, and treats a wide range of diagnoses by increasing psychological flexibility through mindfulness, acceptance, and values-based behaviors. Higher psychological flexibility has been associated with pandemic-related coping and well-being. Randomized studies of ACT with older adults are few but promising, and most research studies with this population have used a group format. While research on telehealth delivery of ACT for older adults is limited, preliminary results indicate it is feasible and as effective as ACT delivered in person.

Specific Aim: The proposed study will pilot a 10-session telehealth Pandemic ACT group intervention (i.e., Pan-ACT group) with Veterans ages 60 and older who are experiencing pandemic-related emotional and physical distress.

Methods and Procedures: Twenty-five older Veterans will be enrolled in this single-arm feasibility pilot trial. The intervention will be delivered weekly in 90-minute sessions of groups of four to five Veterans. Feasibility and acceptability of study procedures will be measured by referred-to-enrolled rate, telehealth access and capability, electronic data collection of outcome measures, and qualitative feedback on data collection procedures and measures. Feasibility and acceptability of the intervention will be measured by attendance; attrition; homework completion; participant ratings of the intervention's feasibility, acceptability, and fit; qualitative feedback; and treatment fidelity. Preliminary responsiveness of outcomes measures will be explored. Participants will complete measures of pandemic-related emotional and physical distress, psychological flexibility, depression, anxiety, social connectedness, perceived health, functional impairment, and meaningful engagement at baseline, posttreatment, and one-month follow-up. A brief midpoint assessment at week 5 of the group will consist of measures of social connectedness and functional impairment. Qualitative data will be gathered on perceived efficacy to implement intervention skills and specific emotional or behavioral changes participants have noticed in themselves as a result of the intervention.

Conclusion: The telehealth Pan-ACT Group is a mental and behavioral health rehabilitation intervention that focuses on helping older Veterans develop or recover coping skills that were lost or are no longer effective during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The proposed study address a major research and clinical gap by gathering new knowledge for an urgent need, which will inform the development of a full-scale randomized controlled trial to evaluate the intervention's effectiveness.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 24

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Alabama
    • Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States, 35404-5015
      • Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center, Tuscaloosa, AL

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 65 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Veterans ages 60 and older receiving services at the Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center (TVAMC) were recruited from primary care, home-based primary care, and mental health clinics.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Veteran
• receives care at Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center
• score of 9 or greater on the COVID-19 Mental Health Impacts Scale
• English speaking
• provides written informed consent
• age 60 or older

Exclusion Criteria:

• diagnosis of dementia
• score of 31 or less on the Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status
• actively suicidal or homicidal
• actively psychotic
• unstable medical condition
• active substance use disorder
• currently participating in another cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Cohort
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

Number of groups / cohorts

1

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Pandemic Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (Pan-ACT); Open label assignment to Pan-ACT group telehealth intervention.	Behavioral: Pandemic Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (Pan-ACT); Pan-ACT is a 10-session, closed group, transdiagnostic intervention for older adults delivered by telehealth platform.; Other Names: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT); ACT for Older Adults; The Third ACT

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Acceptability of Study Protocol - Retention	Retention is defined as number of participants who completed the post-treatment endpoint assessment (numerator) divided by the number of participants who signed informed consent (enrolled; denominator).	14 weeks
Feasibility of Study Protocol - Telehealth Capability	Percent of participants enrolled (i.e., signed consent) who have telehealth capability for duration of intervention.	14 weeks
Acceptability of Intervention - Group Attendance	Percent of participants who started the Pan-ACT intervention (denominator) and attended 70% or more of intervention sessions (numerator)	14 weeks

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Acceptability of Study Protocol - Enrollment	The percent of individuals who were referred and pre-screened for the study (denominator) and subsequently enrolled (singed consent) in the study.	14 weeks
Acceptability of Study Protocol - Assessment Completion	The percent of participants who began the Pan-ACT intervention (denominator) and subsequently completed all study assessments (numerator).	14 weeks
Feasibility of Study Protocol - Timeline	Number of Pan-ACT intervention group cohorts that started as scheduled on timeline (numerator) divided by the total number of Pan-ACT intervention group cohorts.	Through study completion (approximately 2 years) last session at year 2 reported.
Feasibility of Intervention - Treatment Fidelity	The Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Fidelity Measure (ACT-FM) is a 25-item scale used by an independent fidelity reviewer to score the four domains of the Pan-ACT intervention that were delivered by the therapist during the Pan-ACT group sessions. Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 ("this behavior never occurred") to 3 ("therapist consistently enacts this behavior"). The total ACT consistency score and total ACT inconsistency score were calculated by adding the scores for the four domains. ACT-FM score can range from 0 to 36. Higher scores indicate greater fidelity to the Pan-ACT intervention model. The study's target was to reach at least 26 points on average for the fidelity reviews.	Through study completion (approximately 2 years) last session at year 2 reported.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: VA Office of Research and Development
• Collaborators: University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Lori L Davis, MD, Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center, Tuscaloosa, AL

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): December 20, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 31, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): January 23, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 21, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 21, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): June 27, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 22, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 23, 2026
• Last Verified: June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: acceptance and commitment therapy; pandemic; telehealth; Older adult
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Behavioral Symptoms; Behavior; Stress, Psychological; Physiological Phenomena; Growth and Development; Aging
• Other Study ID Numbers: D3898-P; 1I21RX003898-01A1 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: Data sets will have no identifying information of participants (participants ages above 89 will be coded as "90 or above" in accordance with HIPAA regulations). In addition, no Clinical Site identifiers beyond the code numbers will be included in the data set. A "dictionary" dataset will also be included which will include description labels for all the variables. The archives will also include the data collection forms and data collection instructions, including coding schemes and scoring algorithms, and study manuals. These documents will be archived as Adobe Acrobat (.pdf) files. No audio files, video files, or qualitative transcripts will be shared.
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: 30 days upon request and approval.
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Under a Data Management and Access Plan, datasets will only be shared with requesting investigators under the following conditions: datasets will be shared only after execution of a data use agreement (DUA) with the requesting investigator(s) and local IRB approval. The DUA will outline the permitted use of the shared data and the disposition of data after it is used, as well as outlining requirements of acknowledging the source of the data.
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL; SAP; ICF

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No