Short-term Sleep Restriction on Taste Preference and Perception

The Effect of Short-term Sleep Restriction on Sweet and Fat Taste Preference and Perception.

The study aims is to investigate the effects of sleep restriction on sweet and fat taste perception and preference in both fasted and fed states. This is a randomised crossover trial with sleep restriction (4 hours per night for 2 nights) and normal sleep (at least 8 hours sleep for 2 nights) conditions, with a four-week washout period between conditions.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Sleep Restriction; Normal Sleep
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Sleep Restriction and Normal Sleep

Detailed Description

Sleep restriction has been found to dysregulate appetite regulation, leading to an increased food intake, particularly of foods high in sugar and fat. It is unclear why sleep restriction leads to increased fat and sugar intake, but emerging evidence suggests that taste preference and perception may be influenced by the lack of sleep.

Sleep restriction leads to increased preference for sucrose. However it is unclear whether sleep restriction also alters perception of sweetness, or whether it affects preference or perception of dietary fat. It is also unclear, whether any changes in sweet and fat preference and perception due to sleep restriction differ between the fasted and fed states.

This study is a randomised crossover trial where each participant will undertake two conditions (sleep restriction and normal sleep) in a randomised order. In the sleep restriction condition, participants will be asked to restrict their sleep duration to a maximum of four hours per night for two nights, and in the normal sleep group they will be asked to sleep for at least eight hours per night for two nights. There will a 4-week wash-out period between conditions. After each condition (2 nights of normal sleep or 2 nights of sleep restriction), particpants asked to arrive in a fasted state for the assessments. They will initially undertake the Control of Eating Questionnaire (COEQ) and the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire (LFPQ). Participants will then undertake the sweet and fat taste perception and preference tests (described below). Following this, all participants will be provided with a standardized breakfast meal, and 60 minutes later, the LFPQ and taste preference and perception tests will be repeated in fed state.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 20
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Jason Gill, PhD; Phone Number: +44 141 330 2916; Email: jason.gill@glasgow.ac.uk
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Ayan Merchant, MSc.; Phone Number: +44 141 330 2671; Email: a.merchant.1@research.gla.ac.uk

Study Locations

• United Kingdom
  • Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8QQ
    • Recruiting
    • University of Glasgow
    • Contact: Ayan Merchant, MSc; Phone Number: 2671 0141 330; Email: a.merchant.1@research.gla.ac.uk
    • Sub-Investigator: Ayan Merchant, MSc
    • Sub-Investigator: Cindy Gray, PhD

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18 years and above
• Self Reported sleep of >7 hours a night

Exclusion Criteria:

• Dairy allergy
• Presence of any serious medical conditions which might influence sleep i.e cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, respiratory disease, other than mild asthma)
• History of bariatric surgery
• Taking any kind of medication which might affect regular sleep
• Taking any type of medication which might affect appetite
• Participating in any kind of dietary and/or weight loss programs
• Taking antidepressants
• Substance or alcohol abuse
• Shift work
• Currently having to wake up at night to care for another person
• Suffering from and/or receiving treatment for mental health conditions or sleep apnoea.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Sleep Restriction Condition; Participants will be asked to restrict their sleep duration to a maximum of four hours per night (3 am to 7 am) for the two nights prior to the measurement day.	Behavioral: Sleep Restriction and Normal Sleep; The intervention will consist of either sleep restriction (4 hours per night, 3 am to 7 am) or normal sleep (8 hours per night 11 pm to 7 am) for a duration of two nights.
Experimental: Normal Sleep Condition; Participants will be asked to sleep for at least eight hours per night (11 pm to 7 am) for two nights prior to the measurement day.	Behavioral: Sleep Restriction and Normal Sleep; The intervention will consist of either sleep restriction (4 hours per night, 3 am to 7 am) or normal sleep (8 hours per night 11 pm to 7 am) for a duration of two nights.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Sweet Taste Preference	Preference for sweetness will be assessed by providing participants with 5ml volumes of 5 sucrose solutions with concentrations 3%, 6%, 12%, 24% and 36% in random order. Preference for sweetness will be assessed by asking participants to rate the pleasantness of the solution on a VAS with anchors of 'not at all pleasant' and 'extremely pleasant'. To determine the preferred optimal sweetness, participants will be presented with pairs of 5 sucrose solutions and asked which solution they prefer. This will continue until the participants consistently choose a preference for a solution twice a row. A maximum of 10 trials will be conducted to assess preference. This assessment will be done fasted and fed state.	0-4 weeks
Sweet Taste Perception	Perception of sweetness will be assessed by providing participants with 5ml volumes of 5 sucrose solutions with concentrations 3%, 6%, 12%, 24% and 36% in random order. The perception of sweetness will be measured via visual analogue scale (VAS) to rate the sweetness of the solution with anchors of 'not at all sweet' and 'extremely sweet'.	0-4 weeks
Fat Taste Preference	Preference for fat taste will be assessed by providing participants with 5ml volumes 5 solutions with combinations with concentrations 3%, 6%, 12%, 24% and 36% fat (comprising skimmed milk and double cream mixes of different proportions) in random order. Preference for fat taste will be assessed by asking participants to rate pleasantness of the solution on a VAS with anchors of 'not at all' and 'extremely'. To determine the preferred optimal fat taste, participants will be presented with 5 pairs of milk and cream mix solutions and asked which solution they prefer. This will continue until the participants consistently choose a preference for one solution twice in a row. A maximum of 10 trials will be conducted to assess preference. This assessment will be done fasted and fed state.	0-4 weeks
Fat Taste Perception	Perception and preference for fat will be assessed by providing participants with 5ml volumes 5 solutions with combinations with concentrations 3%, 6%, 12%, 24% and 36% fat (comprising skimmed milk and double cream mixes of different proportions) in random order. The perception of fat will be measured via a visual analogue scale (VAS) to rate the creaminess of solution with anchors of 'not at all' and 'extremely'.	0-4 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Food preference - explicit liking	Changes in explicit liking measured by the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire This assessment will be conducted in a fasted and post-prandial state. Scale range: Changes in explicit liking measured by the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire. Scoring: The minimum score for VAS scale is 0 and maximum is 100. Scores are recorded and converted in to mean scores for high fat, low fat, sweet or savoury food types and different fat-taste combinations.	0-4 weeks
Food preference - explicit wanting	Changes in explicit wanting measured by the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire This assessment will be conducted in a fasted and post-prandial state. Scale range: Changes in explicit wanting measured by the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire. Scoring: The minimum score for VAS scale is 0 and maximum is 100. Scores are recorded and converted in to mean scores for high fat, low fat, sweet or savoury food types and different fat-taste combinations.	0-4 weeks
Food reward - implicit wanting	Changes in implicit wanting and food choice measured by the Leeds Food Preference Questionnaire This assessment will be conducted in a fasted and post-prandial state. Scale range: The computerized asessment where participants are presented with two images and they choose which they like. Scoring: Reaction time for each answer is recorded and converted in to mean scores for high fat, low fat, sweet or savoury food types and different fat-taste combinations.	0-4 weeks
Control of Eating Questionnaire - Craving control	Changes in craving control measured by the Control of Eating Questionnaire This assessment will be conducted in a fasted and post-prandial state. Scale range: The asessment includes a 20 items with a 10 point scale ranging from "not at all" to "extremely" and 1 item with free text answer. Scoring: The minimum score for VAS scale is 0 and maximum is 100. The sum of items were calculated and divided by number of items in the subscale.	0-4 weeks
Control of Eating Questionnaire - Craving for sweet	Changes in craving for sweet measured by the Control of Eating Questionnaire This assessment will be conducted in a fasted and post-prandial state. Scale range: The asessment includes a 20 items with a 10 point scale ranging from "not at all" to "extremely" and 1 item with free text answer. Scoring: The minimum score for VAS scale is 0 and maximum is 100. The sum of items were calculated and divided by number of items in the subscale.	0-4 weeks
Control of Eating Questionnaire - Craving for savoury	Changes in craving for savoury measured by the Control of Eating Questionnaire This assessment will be conducted in a fasted and post-prandial state. Scale range: The asessment includes a 20 items with a 10 point scale ranging from "not at all" to "extremely" and 1 item with free text answer. Scoring: The minimum score for VAS scale is 0 and maximum is 100. The sum of items were calculated and divided by number of items in the subscale.	0-4 weeks
Control of Eating Questionnaire - Positive mood	Changes in positive mood measured by the Control of Eating Questionnaire This assessment will be conducted in a fasted and post-prandial state. Scale range: The asessment includes a 20 items with a 10 point scale ranging from "not at all" to "extremely" and 1 item with free text answer. Scoring: The minimum score for VAS scale is 0 and maximum is 100. The sum of items were calculated and divided by number of items in the subscale. Higher the score indicates higher cravings.	0-4 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Glasgow

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Anticipated): September 1, 2022
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): February 28, 2023
• Study Completion (Anticipated): February 28, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 29, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 31, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): September 1, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): September 1, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 31, 2022
• Last Verified: August 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: 200210063

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No