Axon Therapy and Conventional Medical Management for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy Compared to Sham and Conventional Medical Management

A Multicenter, Randomized, Clinical Trial Comparing the Safety and Effectiveness of Axon Therapy and Conventional Medical Management (AT+CMM) for the Treatment of Painful Diabetic Neuropathy to Sham and Conventional Medical Management (Sham+CMM)

Compare Axon Therapy plus conventional medical management (CMM) to Sham plus CMM in reducing neuropathic pain in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy (PDM).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Neuralgia; Neuropathic Pain; Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: Axon Therapy and CMM; Device: Sham and CMM

Detailed Description

This is a two-phase study.

Phase 1 is a double blinded, two-arm, randomized, multi-center clinical trial to assess 1-month efficacy as compared to a sham group. Up to approximately 80 subjects diagnosed with painful diabetic neuropathy will be randomized 3:1 into one of two treatment groups:

1. Axon Therapy plus CMM (AT+CMM)
2. Sham plus CMM (Sham+CMM)

Subjects will be consented, screened, and then undergo a 7-day baseline assessment period. Subjects will be asked to record pain, numbness, and sleep scores via a twice daily electronic diary. Subjects who meet inclusion criteria, including diary compliance, will undergo an in-clinic baseline evaluation (Day 1), be randomized, and start their treatments.

All subjects will return to the clinic for treatments as follows:

● Day 1 - 30: 6 treatments

• Week 1: 3 treatments
• Week 2-4: Weekly treatments

All subjects will return to the clinic for follow-up assessment at Day 30 (± 5 days). At the Day 30 visits subjects will be asked if they want to participate in Phase 2 of the study.

Phase 2 of the study is an unblinded, one-arm, multi-center trial to assess extended efficacy of the treatment. At Day 30, subjects will be unblinded and allowed to remain in the study for an additional 60 (AT+CMM) to 90 (ATx+CMM) days. Those in the Sham arm can choose to crossover to active treatment ( ATx+CMM).

Subjects in the AT+CMM arm will return to the clinic as follows:

• Month 2: Bi-weekly treatment
• Month 3: Treatments every 2-4 weeks
• Additional treatments to treat flare ups; defined as an episode of pain with a VAS 6.

Subjects in the ATx+CMM arm will return to the clinic as follows:

• Month 2: 6 treatments

  • Week 1: 3 treatments
  • Week 2-4: Weekly treatments
• Month 3: Bi-weekly treatment
• Month 4: Treatments every 2-4 weeks
• Additional treatments to treat flare ups; defined as an episode of pain with a VAS 6.

Subjects who do not choose to remain in the study will be monitored for 30 days for AEs and then they will exit the study. The subject's reason for exiting the study will be recorded.

In addition to in-clinic assessments and treatments, all subjects will complete an electronic twice daily diary through Day 30 of the study (Day 60 for ATx+CMM subjects). Subjects will receive weekly phone follow-up for diary reminders and to assess for the occurrence of adverse events. Weekly phone follow-up will occur only during weeks when the subject is not seen in the clinic.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 93
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Florida
    • Saint Petersburg, Florida, United States, 33701
      • Truwell Health
    • Sebastian, Florida, United States, 32958
      • Florida Pain Management Associates, P.A.
    • Vero Beach, Florida, United States, 32960
      • Florida Pain Management Associates, P.A.
  • Georgia
    • Brunswick, Georgia, United States, 31520
      • Centurion Spine and Pain Centers
    • Waycross, Georgia, United States, 31501
      • Centurion Spine and Pain Centers
  • North Carolina
    • Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States, 27103
      • Carolinas Pain Institute and Center for Clinical Research
  • South Carolina
    • Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, United States, 29576
      • SC Pain and Spine Specialists, LLC

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 75 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Evidence of a personally signed and dated informed consent indicating that the subject has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the study.
2. Subject is willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan, daily pain, and other study procedures subject is able and willing to complete twice daily electronic diary for up to 60 days.
3. Subject must be literate in English to fill out the study questionnaires.
4. Men or women of any race or ethnicity who are 18-85 years of age.
5. Subjects must not have a Body Mass Index >40.
6. Subject must have painful diabetic neuropathy (Type 2) present in the lower limbs for more than three months per medical history
7. Subject has a pain score ≥5 on VAS at Enrollment/Screening Visit.
8. Subject has completed at least one of the two daily pain diary entries on at least five days between the Enrollment/Screening Visit and Visit 1 with a mean pain score of ≥4 and <10 based on Daily VAS to be eligible for the study.
9. Subject is on a stable pain medication regimen or is not taking pain medications, as

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subjects with neuropathic pain due to post-herpetic neuropathy, HIV, trigeminal neuralgia; subjects whose post- traumatic neuropathic pain is categorized as central (e.g., spinal cord injury) rather than peripheral.
2. Subjects with any other chronic or recurrent pain syndrome rated greater than "mild" on a mild-moderate-severe scale, or which the investigator judges may interfere with the patients ability to report their pain accurately.
3. Any disorder that may be confused with PDN, such as tarsal tunnel syndrome, sciatica, bunions, ischemic claudication or arthritis of the feet or ankles.
4. Subject has a currently diagnosed progressive neurological disease such as multiple sclerosis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, rapidly progressive arachnoiditis, brain or spinal cord tumor, or severe/critical spinal stenosis (stenosis).
5. Subjects with skin conditions in the affected dermatome that in the judgment of the investigator could interfere with evaluation of the neuropathic pain condition.
6. Subjects with other pain that may confound assessment or self-evaluation of the peripheral neuropathic pain; subjects with significant somatic pain at the site of their trauma that may confound assessment or self-evaluation of their neuropathic pain.
7. Participation in any other clinical trial within the 30 days prior to screening and/or during participation in this study.
8. Any subject considered at risk of suicide or self-harm based on investigator judgment.
9. Other severe acute or chronic medical or psychiatric conditions, or laboratory abnormality, or other factors that may increase the risk associated with study participation or investigational product administration or may interfere with compliance or the interpretation of study results and, in the judgment of the investigator would make the subject inappropriate to participate in the study.
10. Subjects with pending Worker's Compensation, Worker's Compensation, civil litigation, or disability claims. Subjects with fully resolved litigation and compensation claims can participate.
11. Subjects who have had a diagnosis of malignancy other than basal cell carcinoma, or carcinoma in situ of the cervix within the past five years, to include life expectancy less than 1 year due to advanced malignancy.
12. Subjects with implantable "electrical" medical devices such as a cardiac pacemaker, defibrillator, or insulin pump within four (4) inches or less of the site of pain to be treated by Axon Therapy. (Subject with an implantable device greater than four (4) inches from the site of pain to be treated should NOT be excluded).
13. Phantom limb pain or pain that feels like it is coming from a body part that is no longer there.
14. Subjects who have failed other neuromodulation implantable device for the same indication
15. Subjects with shrapnel or ferromagnetic objects
16. Subject is currently taking a morphine equivalent daily dose > 120 mg/day.
17. Subject is a woman of childbearing potential, not using adequate contraception or not willing to comply with contraception for the duration of the study.
18. Subjects with active drug or alcohol abuse within 1 year prior to screening.
19. Subjects with hemoglobin A1C of 9% or higher for 90 days prior to screening.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Axon Therapy + CMM; Subjects will be consented, screened, and then undergo a 7-day baseline assessment period. Subjects will be asked to record pain, numbness, and sleep scores via a twice daily electronic diary. Subjects who meet inclusion criteria, including diary compliance, will undergo an in-clinic baseline evaluation (Day 1), be randomized, and start their treatments. All subjects will return to the clinic for treatments as follows: ● Day 1 - 30: 6 treatments; Week 1: 3 treatments; Week 2-4: Weekly treatments All subjects will return to the clinic for follow-up assessment at Day 30 (± 5 days). At the Day 30 visits subjects will be asked if they want to participate in Phase 2 of the study.	Device: Axon Therapy and CMM; transcutaneous magnetic stimulation (TMS)
Sham Comparator: Sham + CMM; Subjects will be consented, screened, and then undergo a 7-day baseline assessment period. Subjects will be asked to record pain, numbness, and sleep scores via a twice daily electronic diary. Subjects who meet inclusion criteria, including diary compliance, will undergo an in-clinic baseline evaluation (Day 1), be randomized, and start their treatments. All subjects will return to the clinic for treatments as follows: ● Day 1 - 30: 6 treatments; Week 1: 3 treatments; Week 2-4: Weekly treatments All subjects will return to the clinic for follow-up assessment at Day 30 (± 5 days). At the Day 30 visits subjects will be asked if they want to participate in Phase 2 of the study.	Device: Sham and CMM; Sham and CMM

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Comparison of the Proportion of Responders	The primary efficacy endpoint is a between groups comparison of pain change from baseline to 30 days.	30 days
Comparison of therapy-related AEs between the 2 Study arms	The primary safety endpoint for this study is a comparison of therapy-related AEs through Day 30 between the 2 arms of the Study.	30 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Pain	Scores from daily diaries will be compared to baseline overall and by group (Axon therapy (AT) plus CMM and AT crossover (ATx) plus CMM)	30- and 90-days post-treatment
VAS for Numbness	Scores from daily diaries will be compared to baseline overall and by group (AT + CMM and ATx + CMM)	30- and 90-days post-treatment
Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)	Changes from baseline scores overall and by group (AT + CMM and ATx + CMM)	30- and 90-days post-treatment
Daily Sleep Interference Scale (DSIS)	Changes from baseline scores overall and by group (AT + CMM and ATx + CMM)	30- and 90-days post-treatment
EQ-5D-3L	Changes from baseline scores overall and by group (AT + CMM and ATx + CMM)	30- and 90-days post-treatment
Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC)	Changes from baseline scores overall and by group (AT + CMM and ATx + CMM). In addition, the proportion of subjects with a minimal clinically important change from baseline will be compared between groups.	30- and 90-days post-treatment
Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS)	Changes from baseline scores overall and by group (AT + CMM and ATx + CMM)	30- and 90-days post-treatment
Pain Disability Index (PDI)	Changes from baseline scores overall and by group (AT + CMM and ATx + CMM). In addition, the proportion of subjects with a minimal clinically important change from baseline will be compared between groups.	30- and 90-days post-treatment
Norfolk Quality of Life-Diabetic Neuropathy (QOL-DN) Questionnaire	Changes from baseline scores overall and by group (AT + CMM and ATx + CMM)	30- and 90-days post-treatment
In-clinic VAS Pain Scores	Changes from baseline scores overall and by group (AT + CMM and ATx + CMM)	30- and 90-days post-treatment
Increase from baseline pain medication within four weeks of the Day 90 visit (based on prescribed doses)	Changes from baseline scores overall and by group (AT + CMM and ATx + CMM)	30- and 90-days post-treatment
Proportion of subjects who discontinue treatment	Proportion of subjects who discontinue treatment will be compared between groups	30- and 90-days post-treatment
Neurological Exam - percentage of treatment arm with a change in neurological status	Percentage of treatment arm (including crossover subjects) with a change in neurological status as determined by neurological exam on Day 90 after start of active treatment.	90 days post-treatment

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: NeuraLace Medical, Inc.
• Investigators: Study Director: Joe Milkovits, NeuraLace Medical

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): December 15, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 23, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): November 22, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 9, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 9, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): November 17, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 11, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 10, 2024
• Last Verified: August 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: diabetic neuropathy; transcutaneous magnetic stimulation; axon therapy; peripheral neuropathic pain
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Nervous System Diseases; Neurologic Manifestations; Endocrine System Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Neuromuscular Diseases; Neuralgia; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Pain; Diabetic Neuropathies
• Other Study ID Numbers: NLM-004

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: Yes
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No